IEC TR 63631-1:2026

• Abstract:

  IEC TR 63631-1:2026 presents general features, typical cases, and key technologies related to DMES. It analyses the existing standards and identifies the gaps and needs for DMES development from the perspectives of the equipment layer, the communication layer, the information layer, the management system layer, and the application layer. This document also provides information on future standardization needs in the area.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 11-Aug-2026
• ICS: 27.010 - Energy and heat transfer engineering in general
• ICS: 29.240.01 - Power transmission and distribution networks in general
• Technical Committee: SC 8B - Decentralized electrical energy systems
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 12-Aug-2026
• Completion Date: 17-Jul-2026

IEC TR 63631-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2026-08
TECHNICAL
REPORT
Decentralized Multiple Energy Systems -
Part 1: General
ICS 29.240.01; 27.010 ISBN 978-2-8327-1335-8

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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviated terms. 6
4 General . 7
5 Analysis of typical cases . 8
5.1 Category . 8
5.2 Typical cases . 9
5.2.1 Overview . 9
5.2.2 Beichen business centre, Tianjin, China . 9
5.2.3 Feldheim, Germany . 9
5.2.4 KraftBoxx biomass power plant for local heating, Germany. 10
5.2.5 Murcia Este wastewater treatment plant project, Spain . 10
5.2.6 Daxing International Airport, Beijing, China . 10
5.2.7 Hydrogen cogeneration demonstration project, Shaanxi, China . 11
6 Key technologies . 11
6.1 DMES technical framework . 11
6.2 Equipment layer . 11
6.3 Management system layer . 12
6.4 Application layer . 12
7 Gap analysis . 13
7.1 General . 13
7.2 Basic standards . 14
7.2.1 Existing standards. 14
7.2.2 Gap analysis . 15
7.3 Equipment layer . 15
7.3.1 Existing standards. 15
7.3.2 Gap analysis . 17
7.4 Management system layer . 17
7.4.1 Existing standards. 17
7.4.2 Gap analysis . 18
7.5 Application layer . 18
7.5.1 Existing standards. 18
7.5.2 Gap analysis . 20
8 Follow-up work plan . 20
Bibliography . 22

Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of energy flow in the DMES . 8
Figure 2 – Schematic diagram of the DMES architecture . 8
Figure 3 – Flow chart of the DMES optimal planning . 13

Table 1 – Summary of existing basic standards . 14
Table 2 – Summary of existing equipment layer standards . 15
Table 3 – Summary of existing management system layer standards . 18
Table 4 – Summary of existing application layer standards . 18

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
Decentralized Multiple Energy Systems -
Part 1: General
FOREWORD
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IEC TR 63631-1 has been prepared by subcommittee 8B: Decentralized electrical energy
systems, of IEC technical committee 8: System aspects of electrical energy supply. It is a
Technical Report.
The text of this Technical Report is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
8B/284/DTR 8B/296/RVDTR
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this Technical Report is English.
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– reconfirmed,
– withdrawn, or
– revised.
INTRODUCTION
A Decentralized Multiple Energy System (DMES) integrates various forms of energy, such as
electricity, water, heat or cold energy, gas, and hydrogen. By optimizing energy production,
storage, distribution, and utilization, the DMES achieves efficient complementarity and
collaborative management, enhancing the system's flexibility, reliability, and sustainability.
Compared to centralized energy systems, the DMES is more suitable for the integration of
distributed energy sources, offering significant advantages in addressing energy supply
fluctuations and improving energy utilization. Furthermore, by providing customized energy
solutions, the DMES can better satisfy the user demand in various application scenarios, such
as industrial parks, urban communities, and remote areas.
Although a number of standards have been intensively established for different energy systems,
there are still gaps in existing standards to guide the synergy and coordination of multiple
energy systems due to the standard barrier between various industries. To address this issue,
this report aims to analyse the applicability of existing standards in supporting the DMES
development and identifying gaps and future standard needs.
1 Scope
This document presents general features, typical cases, and key technologies related to DMES.
It analyses the existing standards and identifies the gaps and needs for DMES development
from the perspectives of the equipment layer, the communication layer, the information layer,
the management system layer, and the application layer. This document also provides
information on future standardization needs in the area.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
– ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
– IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.2 Abbreviated terms
AD anaerobic digester
AMI advanced metering infrastructure
CCHP combined cooling, heating, and power unit
CHP combined heat and power
CIM common information model
DMES decentralized multiple energy system
EES electrical energy storage
EMS energy management system
EMS-API energy management system application program interface
ESMS energy storage management systems
HES home electronic system
IIoT industrial internet of things
LCA life cycle analysis
P2G power to gas
PV photovoltaic
UPS uninterruptible power systems
WWTP wastewater treatment plant
4 General
The DMES described in this report refers to a comprehensive energy system in a certain area.
It takes electricity as the core and integrates decentralized energy sources such as electricity,
heat/cold energy, gas, and hydrogen. The system deeply integrates energy flow, information
flow, and business flow. It coordinates the supply, conversion, distribution, storage,
consumption, and transaction of various types of energy. The system features a decentralized
structure, multi-energy integration, diversified energy-use scenarios, a multi-source
heterogeneous information flow, and complex operation and management.
(1) Decentralized structure: energy production, conversion, distribution, storage, and
consumption equipment is located at the user's end. These systems can connect to the
centralized energy network or operate independently, not relying on energy supply from the
connected network to maintain energy balance.
(2) Multi-energy integration: the DMES involves the integration and coupling of multiple energy
sources, including electricity, water, gas, cooling, heat, and hydrogen. This integration is aimed
at enhancing energy reliability, flexibility and utilization efficiency. The energy flow schematic
is shown in Figure 1.
(3) Diversified energy use scenarios: the DMES has a wide range of application scenarios
across various market segments. The energy demand and energy use characteristics vary
significantly among these scenarios.
(4) Multi-source heterogeneous information flow: the information flow of DMES involves data
acquisition, transmission, processing, analysis, decision, and feedback, where the data formats
and communication protocols are significantly different.
(5) Complex operation and management: the DMES involves many types of energy and subjects
of interest. The characteristics of these energy types vary significantly and can be combined to
enhance efficiency. The business flow of a DMES is a multi-level, multi-link collaborative
process, covering the whole chain management from energy production to consumption, and is
a "perception-decision-execution-feedback" closed-loop system. As a result, the planning,
design, testing, commissioning, operation, maintenance, acceptance, evaluation, and market
transactions of a DMES are complex.
The typical architecture of the DMES is shown in Figure 2, which includes the equipment layer,
the communication layer, the information layer, the management system layer, and the
application layer.
The equipment layer mainly includes energy equipment such as CCHPs, heat pumps, energy
storage, P2G, and monitoring equipment such as collection terminals. The communication layer
mainly includes the physical communication interfaces, the business flow, the communication
protocol, the communication security, and the communication network device management. The
information layer mainly includes the ontology, data model, data format, information flow,
application security, and devices or user commissioning and decommissioning. The
management system layer mainly includes platforms for energy management and market
trading. The application layer mainly includes business aspects such as planning and design,
testing and commissioning, acceptance and evaluation, operation, and maintenance.
Since relevant TCs/SCs, such as TC57, TC13, SC23K, etc., have already carried out
standardization work on the communication layer and the information layer, this document will
not discuss in detail the key technologies, standard gaps, or other related aspects of these
communication and information layers.
Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of energy flow in the DMES

Figure 2 – Schematic diagram of the DMES architecture
5 Analysis of typical cases
5.1 Category
A DMES is categorized based on various aspects. For the purpose of this document, the DMES
is categorized:
a) by market segment: the DMES is categorized as residential, commercial, industrial, etc.;
b) by energy usage: DMES involve various commonly studied types of energies such as
cooling-heating-electricity, cooling-heating-electricity-hydrogen, cooling-heating-electricity-
gas, etc. For each type of energy, multiple forms exist. For example, hot water, space
heating, and steam are all considered forms of heating.
5.2 Typical cases
5.2.1 Overview
Some typical cases have been selected based on the categories stated in 5.1 to further illustrate
the role of DMES in real applications.
5.2.2 Beichen business centre, Tianjin, China
The Beichen business centre has a total construction area of 196 400 square metres. It utilizes
resources from the roof of the business centre, the parking lot, and the adjacent lakeside to
establish five systems: solar photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, wind-solar-
storage microgrid, ground-source heat pump, and electric vehicle charging stations, as well as
an integrated energy management platform. By adopting a comprehensive "ground-source heat
pump + wind-solar-storage" energy service model, seven wind turbines, photovoltaic panels,
an external power grid, and energy storage devices provide electricity for the business building,
while three ground-source heat pump units supply heating and cooling loads for the structure.
Domestic hot water is produced using solar collectors. About 1 470 square metres of pressure-
bearing glass vacuum tubes were laid on the roof for water storage.
Within six months, the Beichen business centre achieved total energy savings of
391 900 kilowatt-hours, improving the overall energy utilization efficiency by 19 %, with an
energy efficiency ratio reaching 2,38. The renewable energy utilization rate can reach 37 %
annually, leading to energy cost savings of approximately 1,2 million yuan each year and a
reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, a greenhouse gas, by about 1 776,9 tons.
– Features: energy supply + energy saving, multi-dimensional utilization of renewable energy,
integrated energy management platform
– Categories: commercial, cooling-heating- electricity
5.2.3 Feldheim, Germany
The town of Feldheim, in Germany, is Germany’s first to serve as a 100 % renewable energy
demonstration site, integrating biomass, wind, solar, storage, and charging systems. It supplies
more than 200 million kWh of green electricity to the grid annually. The local development of
wind energy has been significantly supported by renewable energy subsidies. Currently, there
are 55 wind turbines standing in this town of just over 100 residents, with a total installed
capacity of 123 MW, including a maximum single-turbine capacity of 3 MW and an annual
electricity generation of approximately 9 million kilowatt-hours.
In addition, a biogas combined heat and power (CHP) project has been established in the area.
This project is a collaboration between the local farmers' cooperative and a social enterprise.
Biogas is produced through the fermentation of the village's crops and animal manure. From
this, heat is produced by a 526-kilowatt generator and it directly meets regional heating needs.
Also, biogas provides about 4 million kWh of electricity to the grid each year. Furthermore, the
waste from the biogas digester is recovered and processed for use as compost.
During peak heating demand in winter, wood chip-burning boilers can be used as a
supplementary source for the regional heating system. The fuel wood chips come from the
leftover waste from logging operations in the farmers' cooperative forests. Analysis indicates
that each household and commercial user reduces their heating costs by up to 20 %, and the
entire village saves nearly 260 000 tons of heating oil each year. Regarding the electricity grid,
a 2,25 MW photovoltaic power station has been built locally. Utilizing dual-axis solar trackers,
the photovoltaic panels can be adjusted to move vertically or horizontally every 10 min to 15
min according to the season, date, and time, increasing efficiency by approximately 20 %
compared to static solar arrays. In 2015, a 10 MW lithium battery energy storage station was
constructed, then the largest of its kind in Europe. This energy storage station connects to the
village's wind farm, participating in the stability regulation of the local grid.
– Features: village level decentralized multiple energy system (wind, solar, biomass, energy
storage, charging piles)
– Categories: commercial, cooling-heating- electricity
5.2.4 KraftBoxx biomass power plant for local heating, Germany
The biomass power plant is equipped with a high-pressure steam boiler and a turbine generator
that burns wood (approximately 60 % of which is sourced from wood chips). It utilizes a fibre
hose filtration system with pneumatic cleaning and upstream cyclone separators for flue gas
cleaning. The power plant has a capacity of 5,36 MWe and a thermal output of 17,2 MWt.
The biomass power plant provides district heating and domestic hot water to local households
through combined heat and power (CHP) generation, with thermal energy distributed to
residential buildings via heat exchange stations. As the regional heating network is currently
operating at full capacity, the plant has added thermal storage to balance supply and demand.
Each residential building is equipped with a 1 000 L KraftBoxx phase change thermal storage
tank. An intelligent grid control system is used to charge the storage tanks at off-peak times,
achieving peak shaving and valley filling. Each thermal storage tank contains 2 400 head sticks,
storing approximately 40 kWh, which is 2,35 times the storage capacity of a conventional buffer
tank. This project expands the heating capacity of the biomass power plant by combining it with
distributed storage, increasing the energy density of the existing lines, perfectly achieving the
goal of peak shaving and valley filling while reducing the volume of the tanks and minimizing
space usage.
– Features: biomass heating + distributed energy storage, heat storage
– Categories: residential, heating-electricity
5.2.5 Murcia Este wastewater treatment plant project, Spain
The Murcia Este wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is an integrated "multiple energy system"
operated by Empresa municipal de aguas y saneamiento de Murcia, SA with a capacity of
100 000 cubic metres per day. Biogas produced from sludge anaerobic digestion is utilized to
provide CHP units to generate heat energy and electricity for use on site. The plant has three
cogeneration engines of 0,5 MW each, three anaerobic digesters (AD) with a total capacity of
18 317 cubic metres, which allow sludge stabilization and reduction of final sludge volume, and
two gas storage tanks with a total capacity of 1 350 cubic metres are used to store biogas.
Additionally, heat is recovered from the cooling of the high-temperature engine circuit by means
of a 1 038 kWt water–water heat plate exchanger, supplying 100% of the anaerobic digester
heat requirement. This innovative project has significantly reduced energy costs by 9,4 %,
achieved sustainable and efficient energy utilization, and reduced carbon emissions by 20,3 %.
– Features: sewage treatment, biogas utilization
– Categories: industrial, cooling-heating-electrical-gas
5.2.6 Daxing International Airport, Beijing, China
Beijing Daxing International Airport, as a significant landmark project in China, is hailed as one
of the "New Seven Wonders of the World." It currently has the highest proportion of renewable
energy among airports in China, with renewable energy accounting for 12 % of the airport's
total annual comprehensive energy consumption. Of this, ground-source heat pumps contribute
10 %, while the remaining 2 % primarily comes from wind and solar energy used for lighting.
Renewable energy is mainly applied in the construction of solar photovoltaic power generation
facilities on the rooftops of parking garages, cargo areas, business jet hangars, and energy
centres. Shallow geothermal utilization facilities are constructed around the flood retention
area, business jet terminal, and service facilities in the flight zone. Additionally, the naturally
accumulated water volume within Daxing Airport has reached as high as 700 000 cubic metres.
Beijing Daxing International Airport has designed the scenic lake area as a central buried
pipeline zone, achieving an organic combination of ground-source heat pumps with centralized
gas boiler systems, boiler waste heat recovery systems, conventional electric cooling, and ice
storage cooling through a coupling design. This forms a stable and reliable composite system
that centrally addresses the heating needs of buildings covering nearly 2,5 million square
metres in the surrounding planned area, resulting in an annual reduction of 18 100 tons of
standard coal usage.
– Features: use of multi-energy, waste heat recovery
– Categories: industrial, cooling-heating- electricity
5.2.7 Hydrogen cogeneration demonstration project, Shaanxi, China
The hydrogen cogeneration demonstration project employs advanced proton exchange
membrane electrolysis technology for hydrogen production, with a power consumption of 25 kW
and a hydrogen output of 5 Nm³/h. This project supports research and development functions
in areas such as hydrogen blending in natural gas, hydrogen storage, hydrogen fuel cell power
generation, electrical energy storage, and waste heat recovery. The hydrogen storage unit has
a capacity of 600 L, and the fuel cell module has a power generation capacity of 10 kW.
The heat generated in the production process adopts different waste heat recovery modes
according to different seasons, and the heat is stored underground in the non-heating period
for winter heating or for other heat needs. It is directly added to the heating system as a
supplementary heat source during the heating period.
Based on the operational performance of the photovoltaic system, this project generates
43 200 kWh of electricity through the photovoltaic system, supplies 11 880 kWh of electricity
load, and the remaining electricity can be used to produce 650 kg of hydrogen and off-peak
electricity for heat storage. Meanwhile, the system can produce 270 GJ of thermal energy
through hydrogen-blended combustion of natural gas and waste heat recovery. Based on these
technologies, this system achieves substantial environmental benefits, including an annual
reduction of 11,61 metric tons in coal consumption, 30,12 metric tons of carbon emissions,
98,68 kg of sulphur dioxide emissions, and 85,91 kg of nitrogen oxides emissions.
– Features: use of multiple energy, hydrogen cogeneration, waste heat energy recovery.
– Categories: industrial, hydrogen-heating- electricity.
6 Key technologies
6.1 DMES technical framework
To consider the needs of different levels and functions in the manufacturing process to achieve
efficient production management and information circulation, the DMES technical framework is
divided into three layers: the equipment layer, the management system layer, and the
application layer.
6.2 Equipment layer
The DMES equipment layer comprises equipment for energy supply, energy storage and energy
distribution as well as metering, monitoring, and control equipment.
The role of the energy supply equipment is to provide various forms of energy to meet the
system’s energy demands. Typical equipment includes solar panels, wind turbines, gas-fired
generators, combined heat and power units, gas boilers, electric boilers, heat pumps, air-
conditioners, absorption chillers, fuel cells, electrolyzers, wave turbines, etc. Key technologies
mainly include high-efficiency energy conversion systems as well as waste and heat or pressure
recovery systems.
The role of the energy storage equipment is to facilitate energy balance. Typical equipment
includes electrochemical, chemical, mechanical, and electrical energy storage units. Key
technologies mainly include devices for the operational security and configuration of the energy
storage equipment as well as devices for dispatching and charging and discharging control.
The energy distribution equipment connects energy supply equipment to end-users, which is
designed to reduce energy losses and efficiently deliver energy across the DMES. Typical
equipment includes cables, overhead lines, and pipelines. Key technologies include optimal
dispatch, network reconfiguration, and system protection devices.
The metering equipment is used for real-time measurement of data. It typically includes smart
meters, sensors, and data loggers. Key technologies include real-time data acquisition, load
forecasting, and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), which enable efficient energy
management, reduce losses, and optimize the interactions between different energy sources
[1].
The monitoring equipment enables multi-dimensional information measurement and perception
for the DMES. Key technologies include multi-resolution monitoring and multi-energy state
estimation devices.
The control equipment enables multi-dimensional information measurement and perception for
the DMES, ensuring the efficient, safe, flexible, and stable operation of the DMES. The flexibility
evaluation indicators involve interruptible capacity, transferable capacity, electric-thermal
coupling regulation quantity, gas-electric bidirectional conversion margin, etc.
6.3 Management system layer
The DMES management system layer includes the energy management platform, the energy
trading platform, etc.
The energy management platform in the DMES uses advanced algorithms and mathematical
models to optimize energy supply scheduling, improve energy efficiency and operational
flexibility, reduce costs and emissions, and enhance system stability [2]. Key technologies
include multi-energy flow calculation, intelligent scheduling technology, and digital twin
technology.
The DMES multi-energy flow calculation refers to the computational process that involves
mathematical modelling and numerical analysis of multi-carrier energy networks (incorporating
electricity, water, heat, gas, and cooling) to determine the distribution states of various energy
flows under steady-state or dynamic operating conditions. This process further optimizes the
coordinated operation strategies between multi-energy coupling devices and the integrated
network infrastructure, achieving a multi-objective balance of economy, reliability, and low
carbon. The specific calculation process follows the following sequence: network
modelling → data input → model formulation → model solving → result analysis and
optimization.
The energy trading platform in the DMES is a digital marketplace that facilitates the buying and
selling of various energy products. The energy trading platform employs advanced trading
algorithms and data analytics to optimize trading decisions and balance the supply and demand
of each energy resource through intelligence. Key technologies include optimal energy
management, industrial internet of things (IIoT) technology, and distributed ledger technology.
The DMES optimal energy management refers to the process of coordinating the production,
storage, conversion, and consumption of various energy forms (such as electricity, water, heat,
cooling, and gas) through mathematical modelling, optimization algorithms, and real-time
control technologies. Under the constraints of supply-demand balance, equipment limitations,
and external policy requirements, it aims to achieve multi-objective collaborative optimization,
including economic operation, maximized energy efficiency, and minimized carbon emissions.
The core lies in enhancing energy utilization efficiency through multi-energy complementarity
and cascade utilization while adapting to the intermittency of renewable energy and dynamic
load variations. The specific optimization process follows the following sequence: modelling
and data input → multi-objective optimization model formulation → optimization algorithm
solution → strategy execution and feedback control.
6.4 Application layer
The DMES application layer includes phases such as planning and design, testing and
commissioning, operation and maintenance, acceptance and evaluation, or market
transactions.
The DMES planning and design phase focuses on determining the optimal location, capacity,
and configuration of energy equipment, energy stations, and energy networks. Key technologies
include system modelling and simulation technology, artificial intelligence assisted design, and
cloud edge collaborative architecture design [3].
The DMES optimal planning is fundamentally focused on determining the optimal temporal
deployment, spatial siting, capacity sizing, and substructure configurations for energy
equipment, energy stations, and energy networks. The flow chart of the DMES optimal planning
is shown in Figure 3. This framework proves particularly critical for addressing spatiotemporal
discretization capabilities and facilitating the transition of system planning toward non-
dispatchable energy-dominated architectures characterized by high renewable penetration.
The testing and commissioning phases are critical steps after the DMES construction. At this
phase, real-time data collection and system operation analysis are conducted to generate
detailed testing and adjustment reports. Key technologies include automation testing
framework, data-driven testing technology, and artificial intelligence-driven defect prediction
technology.
At the operations and maintenance phase, the DMES enables real-time monitoring of production
processes, facilitate equipment maintenance and optimize production scheduling. Key
technologies include source-load power forecast, smart energy scheduling and optimization,
predictive maintenance, and real-time system simulation based on digital twin technology.
At the acceptance and evaluation phase, the DMES ensures that the standards for production
and quality control are met, and supports tasks such as system assessment and quality
checking. Key technologies include quality control and image recognition, data-driven
performance monitoring and analysis, flexibility and carbon emission assessment, and life cycle
analysis (LCA).
The market transactions phase aims to achieve coordinated optimization of distributed
resources through market guidance, involving market transaction mechanisms, dynamic pricing
methods, etc. Key technologies include energy management systems, demand response,
decentralized trading mechanisms, and blockchain and smart contracts [4].

Figure 3 – Flow chart of the DMES optimal planning
7 Gap analysis
7.1 General
This chapter analyses the standards gaps in the DMES as regards the basic standards, the
equipment layer, the management system layer, and the application layer.
7.2 Basic standards
7.2.1 Existing standards
The basic standards for the DMES include terminology, general principles, and graphical
symbols. These standards ensure consistency and comprehensibility in the design and
operation of the DMES. This report consolidates the basic standards on the DMES given by
IEC and ISO, as listed in Table 1.
Table 1 – Summary of existing basic standards
Category Standard references Standard title
Energy efficiency and renewable energy
ISO/IEC 13273 series [5] sources - common international
terminology
Grid integration of renewable energy
IEC 62934:2021 [6]
generation - Terms and definitions
International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
IEC 60050 series [7]
(IEV)
Thermal performance of buildings and
Terminology
ISO 7345 [8] building components - Physical quantities
and definitions
Refrigerants-Designation and safety
ISO 817 [9]
classification
Natural gas - Calculation of compression
ISO 12213-1 [10]
factor - Part 1: Introduction and guidelines
Electrical energy storage (EES) systems -
IEC 62933-1 [11]
Part 1: Vocabulary
Power quality management - Part 1:
IEC TS 63222-1 [12]
General guidelines
Microgrids - Part 1: Guidelines for
microgrid projects planning and
IEC TS 62898-1 [13]
specification
Safety requirements for electrical
equipment for measurement, control, and
IEC 61010 series [14]
laboratory use
Refrigerating systems and heat pumps -
Safety and environmental requirements --
ISO 5149-1 [15]
Part 1: Definitions, classification and
selection criteria
General principles
Household and similar electrical
appliances - Safety - Part 2-40: Particular
IEC 60335-2-40 [16]
requirements for electrical heat pumps,
air conditioners and dehumidifiers
Household and similar electrical
appliances - Safety - Part 2-89: Particular
requirements for commercial refrigerating
IEC 60335-2-89 [17]
appliances and ice-makers with an
incorporated or remote refrigerant unit or
motor-compressor
Petroleum and natural gas industries -
Offshore production platforms - Analysis,
ISO 10418 [18]
design, installation and testing of basic
surface safety systems
Category Standard references Standard title
Graphical symbols for diagrams - Part 6:
IEC 60617-6 [19] Production and conversion of electrical
energy
Graphical symbols for diagrams-Part 9:
Graphical symbols ISO 14617-9 [20]
Pumps, compressors and fans
Graphical symbols for diagrams- Part 11:
ISO 14617-11 [21] Devices for heat transfer and heat
engines
7.2.2 Gap analysis
Currently, the DMES still has some areas where basic standards could be further improved.
Existing principles are not fully suitable for the resource diversity of the DMES. In addition, the
graphical notation lacks effective differentiation and scalability to accurately represent complex
multi-energy coupling and dynamic changes. There is no universally accepted definition of the
DMES. These gaps affect the planning, design and implementation of the DMES.
7.3 Equipment layer
7.3.1 Existing standards
This document summarizes the relevant standards for distributed energy resources and
microgrids proposed by organizations such as IEC and IEEE, and sorts them out from five
aspects, namely energy supply, energy conversion, energy storage, energy distribution,
metering, monitoring and control as shown in Table 2. Apart from the above standards, the
integration of controllable loads to enable the demand response and the flexibility as governed
by the various regional legislative frameworks will also be considered in collaboration with
relevant TCs/SCs such as SC23K, TC13, SyC SE, TC57, JWG17, etc.
Table 2 – Summary of existing equipment layer standards
Category Standard references Standard title
Short-circuit currents in d.c. auxiliary
IEC 61660 series [22] installations in power plants and
substations
Photovoltaic (PV) stand-alone systems -
IEC 62124 [23]
Design verification
Energy supply equipment
Electric room heating - Underfloor
heating - Performance characteristics -
IEC 62999 [24]
Definitions, method of testing, sizing
and formula symbols
Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) -
IEC 62040-1 [25]
Part 1: Safety requirements
Superconductivity - Part 1: Critical
current measurement - DC critical
IEC 61788-1 [26]
current of Nb-Ti composite
superconductors
Safety of power converters for use in
IEC 62109-1 [27] photovoltaic power systems - Part 1:
General requirements
Safety of power converters for use in
Energy conversion equipment IEC 62109-2 [28] photovoltaic power systems - Part 2:
Particular requirements for inverters
Safety of power converters for use in
photovoltaic power systems - Part 3:
IEC 62109-3 [29]
Particular requirements for electronic
devices in combination with photovoltaic
elements
Wind energy generation systems - Part
IEC 61400-1 [30]
1: Design requirements
...