SIST EN 13265:2016
(Main)Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in liquid waste containment projects
Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in liquid waste containment projects
This European Standard specifies the relevant characteristics of geotextiles and geotextile-related products used in liquid waste containment projects, and the appropriate test methods to determine these characteristics.
The intended use of these geotextiles or geotextile-related products is to fulfil one or more of the following functions: filtration, reinforcement and protection.
This European Standard is not applicable to geosynthetic barriers, as defined in EN ISO 10318.
This European Standard provides for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance of the product to this European Standard and for factory production control procedures.
NOTE Particular application cases may contain requirements regarding additional properties and – preferably standardised – test methods, if they are technically relevant.
This European Standard may be used to derive design values by taking into account factors within the context of the definitions given in EN 1997 1 (Eurocode 7), e.g. factors of safety. The design life of the product should be determined, since its function may be temporary, as a construction expediency, or permanent, for the lifetime of the structure.
Geotextilien und geotextilverwandte Produkte - Geforderte Eigenschaften für die Anwendung in Projekten zum Einschluss flüssiger Abfallstoffe
Diese Europäische Norm legt die wichtigsten Eigenschaften von Geotextilien und geotextilverwandten Produkten, die in Projekten zum Einschluss flüssiger Abfallstoffe verwendet werden, sowie die geeigneten Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung dieser Eigenschaften fest.
Bei ihrer vorgesehenen Anwendung werden diese Geotextilien und geotextilverwandten Produkte eine oder mehrere der folgenden Funktionen erfüllen: Filtern Bewehren und Schützen.
Diese Europäische Norm ist nicht auf geosynthetische Dichtungsbahnen anwendbar, wie in EN ISO 10318-1 festgelegt.
Diese Europäische Norm behandelt die Bewertung und Überprüfung der Leistungsbeständigkeit des Produkts nach dieser Europäischen Norm und die Verfahren für die werkseigene Produktionskontrolle.
Besondere Anwendungen können Anforderungen hinsichtlich zusätzlicher Eigenschaften und - vorzugsweise genormte - Prüfverfahren enthalten, wenn diese technisch relevant sind.
Diese Europäische Norm darf zur Festlegung von Bemessungswerten herangezogen werden, in dem die im Zusammenhang mit den in EN 1997-1 (Eurocode 7) angegebenen Definitionen berücksichtigt werden, z. B. Sicherheitsbeiwerte. Für das Produkt sollte die Bemessungsdauer festgelegt werden, weil seine Funktion zeitlich befristet sein darf, als Einbauhilfe, oder dauerhaft, der Lebensdauer des Bauwerks entsprechend.
Géotextiles et produits apparentés - Caractéristiques requises pour l'utilisation dans les projets de confinement de déchets liquides
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les caractéristiques pertinentes des géotextiles et produits apparentés utilisés dans les projets de confinement de déchets liquides, ainsi que les méthodes d'essai appropriées pour déterminer ces caractéristiques.
L'utilisation prévue de ces géotextiles ou produits apparentés est de remplir au moins l'une des fonctions suivantes : filtration, renforcement et protection.
La présente Norme européenne ne s'applique pas aux géomembranes et géosynthétiques bentonitiques tels que définis dans l'EN ISO 10318 1.
La présente Norme européenne permet d'évaluer et de vérifier la constance des performances du produit à la présente Norme européenne et les procédures de contrôle de la production en usine.
Des cas d'application particuliers peuvent contenir des exigences sur des propriétés supplémentaires et méthodes d'essai – si possible normalisées – si elles sont techniquement pertinentes.
La présente Norme européenne peut être utilisée pour déduire les valeurs de calcul en prenant en compte les facteurs définis dans l'EN 1997 1 (Eurocode 7), par exemple les facteurs de sécurité. Il convient de déterminer la durée de vie prévue du produit, puisque sa fonction peut être provisoire, pour des besoins de construction, ou permanente, pour la durée de vie de la structure.
Geotekstilije in geotekstilijam sorodni izdelki - Značilnosti, ki se zahtevajo pri obvladovanju tekočih odpadkov
Ta evropski standard določa pomembne značilnosti geotekstilij in geotekstilijam sorodnih izdelkov, ki se uporabljajo pri obvladovanju tekočih odpadkov, ter ustrezne preskusne metode za določitev teh značilnosti.
Te geotekstilije in geotekstilijam sorodni izdelki naj bi imeli eno ali več naslednjih funkcij: filtriranje, ojačitev in zaščita.
Ta evropski standard se ne uporablja za geosintetične zapore, kakor so opredeljene v standardu EN ISO 10318.
Ta evropski standard omogoča ocenjevanje in preverjanje stalnosti funkcionalnosti izdelka v skladu s tem evropskim standardom ter postopke kontrole proizvodnje v obratu.
OPOMBA: Posamezni primeri uporabe lahko vključujejo zahteve glede dodatnih lastnosti in – po možnosti standardiziranih – preskusnih metod, če so tehnično pomembni.
Ta evropski standard se lahko uporablja za izpeljavo projektnih vrednosti ob upoštevanju dejavnikov v okviru definicij iz standarda EN 1997 1 (Evrokod 7), npr. dejavnikov varnosti. Določila naj bi se projektna življenjska doba izdelka, saj je njegova funkcija začasna, kot zagotavljanje primernosti za gradnjo, ali stalna, tj. za življenjsko dobo konstrukcije.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Geotextilien und geotextilverwandte Produkte - Geforderte Eigenschaften für die Anwendung in Projekten zum Einschluss flüssiger AbfallstoffeGéotextiles et produits apparentés - Caractéristiques requises pour l'utilisation dans les projets de confinement de déchets liquidesGeotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in liquid waste containment projects59.080.70GeotekstilijeGeotextiles13.030.20Liquid wastes. SludgeICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13265:2016SIST EN 13265:2016en,fr,de01-december-2016SIST EN 13265:2016SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13265:2014+A1:20151DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 13265:2016
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13265
October
t r s x ICS
w {ä r z rä y r Supersedes EN
s u t x wã t r s v ªA sã t r s wEnglish Version
Geotextiles and geotextileærelated products æ Characteristics required for use in liquid waste containment projects Géotextiles et produits apparentés æ Caractéristiques requises pour l 5utilisation dans les projets de confinement de déchets liquides
Geotextilien und geotextilverwandte Produkte æ Geforderte Eigenschaften für die Anwendung in Projekten zum Einschluss flüssiger Abfallstoffe This European Standard was approved by CEN on
v June
t r s xä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
9
t r s x CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s u t x wã t r s x ESIST EN 13265:2016
EN 13265:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction . 5 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 7 3.1 Terms and definitions . 7 3.2 Abbreviations . 8 4 Required characteristics and corresponding methods of test. 8 4.1 General . 8 4.2 Selection of the appropriate standard in a specific application . 8 4.3 Characteristics relevant to specific conditions of use . 11 4.3.1 Stiffness at 2 %, 5 % and 10 % . 11 4.3.2 Tensile strength of seams and joints . 11 4.3.3 Static puncture . 11 4.3.4 Friction characteristics . 11 4.3.5 Tensile creep . 11 4.3.6 Resistance to damage during installation . 11 4.3.7 Water permeability normal to the plane . 11 4.4 Release of dangerous substances . 11 5 Assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) . 12 5.1 General . 12 5.2 Presentation of characteristics . 12 5.3 Product type determination (PTD) . 12 5.4 Factory production control (FPC) . 13 5.5 Verification of values . 13 5.6 Initial inspection of factory and of FPC . 13 5.7 Continuous surveillance of FPC . 14 6 Marking . 14 Annex A (normative)
Factory production control . 15 A.1 Factory production control scheme . 15 A.1.1 General . 15 A.1.2 Product design . 15 A.1.3 Production . 15 A.1.4 Finished products . 15 A.1.5 Provisions applicable to A.1.2, A.1.3 and A.1.4 (to be used where appropriate) . 16 A.2 Assessment of a factory production control (FPC) system. 17 A.2.1 General . 17 A.2.2 Checklist . 17 SIST EN 13265:2016
EN 13265:2016 (E) 3 A.2.3 Test frequency . 21 Annex B (normative)
Durability aspects . 22 B.1 General . 22 B.1.1 Service life . 22 B.1.2 Initial and repeat testing of durability. 22 B.1.3 Use of rework material . 23 B.2 Weathering (all products) . 23 B.3 Products used in non-reinforcing applications and with service lives up to 5 years . 23 B.4 Other applications and service lives up to 25 years, 50 years and 100 years . 24 B.4.1 General . 24 B.4.2 Tests for specific materials . 24 Annex C (informative)
Guidelines for the selection of the appropriate standard in a specific application . 28 Annex D (informative)
Significant technical changes to the superseded standard . 30 Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Construction Products Regulation . 31 ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics . 31 ZA.2 Procedure for AVCP of Geotextiles and geotextiles-related products for the use in the construction of liquid waste containment projects . 34 ZA.2.1 Systems of AVCP . 34 ZA.2.2 Declaration of performance (DoP) . 37 ZA.3 CE marking and labelling . 41 Bibliography . 42
SIST EN 13265:2016
EN 13265:2016 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 13265:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 “Geosynthetics”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2018. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13265:2014+A1:2015. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Regulation No 305/2011. For relationship with Regulation (EU) Nr. 305/2011, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. Annex D provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous editions. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 13265:2016
EN 13265:2016 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard allows manufacturers to describe geotextiles and geotextile-related products on the basis of declared values for characteristics relevant to the intended use and if tested to the specified method. It also includes procedures for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance and factory production control. This European Standard may also be used by designers, end-users and other interested parties to define which functions and conditions of use are relevant. The term “product” used in this European Standard refers to a geotextile or geotextile-related product. This European Standard is part of a series of standards, addressing the requirements for geotextiles and geotextile-related products when used in a specific application. Annex C provides guidance on how to select the appropriate standard. SIST EN 13265:2016
EN 13265:2016 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the relevant characteristics of geotextiles and geotextile-related products used in liquid waste containment projects, and the appropriate test methods to determine these characteristics. The intended use of these geotextiles or geotextile-related products is to fulfil one or more of the following functions: filtration, reinforcement and protection. This European Standard is not applicable to geosynthetic barriers, as defined in EN ISO 10318-1. This European Standard provides for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance of the product to this European Standard and for factory production control procedures. Particular application cases may contain requirements regarding additional properties and – preferably standardized – test methods, if they are technically relevant. This European Standard may be used to derive design values by taking into account factors within the context of the definitions given in EN 1997-1 (Eurocode 7), e.g. factors of safety. The design life of the product should be determined, since its function may be temporary, as a construction expediency, or permanent, for the lifetime of the structure. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12224, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Determination of the resistance to weathering EN 12226, Geosynthetics - General tests for evaluation following durability testing EN 12447, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Screening test method for determining the resistance to hydrolysis in water EN 13719, Geosynthetics - Determination of the long term protection efficiency of geosynthetics in contact with geosynthetic barriers EN 14574, Geosynthetics - Determination of the pyramid puncture resistance of supported geosynthetics EN ISO 1043-1, Plastics - Symbols and abbreviated terms - Part 1: Basic polymers and their special characteristics (ISO 1043-1) EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (ISO 3696) EN ISO 9862, Geosynthetics - Sampling and preparation of test specimens (ISO 9862) EN ISO 10318-1, Geosynthetics - Part 1: Terms and definitions (ISO 10318-1) EN ISO 10319, Geosynthetics - Wide-width tensile test (ISO 10319) EN ISO 10320, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Identification on site (ISO 10320) EN ISO 10321, Geosynthetics - Tensile test for joints/seams by wide-width strip method (ISO 10321) SIST EN 13265:2016
EN 13265:2016 (E) 7 EN ISO 10722, Geosynthetics - Index test procedure for the evaluation of mechanical damage under repeated loading - Damage caused by granular material (ISO 10722) EN ISO 11058, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Determination of water permeability characteristics normal to the plane, without load (ISO 11058) EN ISO 12236, Geosynthetics - Static puncture test (CBR test) (ISO 12236) EN ISO 12956, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Determination of the characteristic opening size (ISO 12956) EN ISO 12957-1, Geosynthetics - Determination of friction characteristics - Part 1: Direct shear test (ISO 12957-1) EN ISO 12957-2, Geosynthetics - Determination of friction characteristics - Part 2: Inclined plane test (ISO 12957-2) EN ISO 13426-1, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Strength of internal structural junctions - Part 1: Geocells (ISO 13426-1) EN ISO 13426-2, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Strength of internal structural junctions - Part 2: Geocomposites (ISO 13426-2) EN ISO 13431, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Determination of tensile creep and creep rupture behaviour (ISO 13431) EN ISO 13433, Geosynthetics - Dynamic perforation test (cone drop test) (ISO 13433) EN ISO 13438, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Screening test method for determining the resistance to oxidation (ISO 13438) ISO 10390, Soil quality — Determination of pH ASTM D7409 — 15, Standard Test Method for Carboxyl End Group Content of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Yarns ASTM D4603 — 03(2011) e1, Standard Test Method for Determining Inherent Viscosity of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) by Glass Capillary Viscometer 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 10318-1 and the following apply. 3.1.1 product geotextile or geotextile-related product 3.1.2 specification document in which the work, functions and specific conditions of use of the product are described SIST EN 13265:2016
EN 13265:2016 (E) 8 3.1.3 rework material RWM material that is generated in a process and capable of being reclaimed within the same process that generated it 3.1.4 post-consumer material PCM material generated by households or by commercial, industrial and institutional facilities in their role as end-users of the product which can no longer be used for its intended purpose Note 1 to entry: This includes returns of material from the distribution chain. 3.1.5 post-industrial material PIM material diverted from the waste stream during a manufacturing process 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the abbreviations given in EN ISO 1043-1 and EN ISO 10318-1 and the following apply. — AR: aramid — GCO-R: geocomposite reinforcement 4 Required characteristics and corresponding methods of test 4.1 General The main functions of geotextiles and geotextile-related products used in liquid waste containment projects are filtration, reinforcement and protection. If a drainage or erosion control system is integrated in the construction, the requirements of the appropriate standards shall also be fulfilled. The specification shall define which functions and conditions of use are relevant (see Table 1). The producer shall provide the necessary data based on the requirements and test methods specified in this European Standard, as described in 5.1. The characteristics, their relevance to the conditions of use, and the test methods to be used, are specified in Table 1. The list of characteristics in Table 1 includes those relevant to all conditions of use (A), and those relevant to specific conditions of use (S). The indication “–” means that the characteristic is not relevant for that function. Where, for the same property, data for more than one function shall be provided, the following ranking order shall be observed: A overrules S, and S overrules “–”. The functions and conditions of use, corresponding with the S-coded characteristics in Table 1, are specified in 4.3. Durability shall be assessed in accordance with the requirements of Annex B. 4.2 Selection of the appropriate standard in a specific application Guidelines for the selection of the appropriate standard in a specific application are given in Annex C. SIST EN 13265:2016
EN 13265:2016 (E) 9 Table 1 — Geotextiles and geotextile-related products used in liquid waste containment projects – Functions, function-related characteristics and test methods to be used Characteristic Test method Functions Filtration Reinforcement Protection (1) Tensile strength b EN ISO 10319 A A A (2) Elongation at maximum load EN ISO 10319 A A A (3) Stiffness at 2 %, 5 % and 10 % c EN ISO 10319 – S – (4) Tensile strength of seams and joints c d EN ISO 10321 S S S (5) Static puncture resistance (CBR test) a b EN ISO 12236 S A see (10) (6) Dynamic perforation resistance (cone drop test) a EN ISO 13433 A A A (7) Friction EN ISO 12957-1; EN ISO 12957-2 S S S (8) Tensile creep EN ISO 13431 – S - - (9) Resistance to damage during installation under repeated loading EN ISO 10722 S S S (10) Protection characteristics EN 13719 - - - - A
EN 14574 – – A (11) Characteristic opening size EN ISO 12956 A – - - (12) Water permeability normal to the plane (velocity index) EN ISO 11058 A S - - (13) Durability According to Annex B A A A SIST EN 13265:2016
EN 13265:2016 (E) 10 Characteristic Test method Functions Filtration Reinforcement Protection Relevance of codes:
A: relevant to all conditions of use
S: relevant to specific conditions of use
“–”: indicates that the characteristic is not relevant for that function. a
Static puncture resistance may not be relevant for some types of products, e.g. GGR, GCO-R or GST. b
If the mechanical properties (tensile strength and static puncture) are coded “A” in this Table, the use of only one, either tensile strength or static puncture, is usually sufficient in a project specification. c
The strength of internal structural junctions of geocells shall be tested in accordance with EN ISO 13426-1. d
The strength of internal structural junctions of geocomposites shall be tested in accordance with EN ISO 13426-2. SIST EN 13265:2016
EN 13265:2016 (E) 11 4.3 Characteristics relevant to specific conditions of use 4.3.1 Stiffness at 2 %, 5 % and 10 % Data on stiffness are necessary for the reinforcement function if the deformation of the structure needs to be evaluated. 4.3.2 Tensile strength of seams and joints Data on tensile strength of seams and joints are necessary for all functions if the product is to be mechanically jointed and if load is transferred across the seams and joints. 4.3.3 Static puncture Data on static puncture or - as an alternative - on tensile strength, are necessary for the filtration function if required by the specification, i.e. when the site loading conditions are such that there is a potential risk of static puncture of the filter layer. 4.3.4 Friction characteristics Data on friction characteristics are necessary for the function filtration when the product is used in a situation where a differential movement can take place between the product and adjacent material that may endanger the stability of the works. The friction characteristics can be measured, using site specific materials, by a direct shear test according to EN ISO 12957-1 or, in the case of loads up to 5 kPa, by an inclined plane test according to EN ISO 12957-2. Friction behaviour with the adjacent construction materials, e.g. the soil or the geosynthetic barrier, should also be considered. 4.3.5 Tensile creep Data on tensile creep can be used to give an indication of the resistance to sustained loading, when the product fulfils a reinforcement function. 4.3.6 Resistance to damage during installation EN ISO 10722 can be used as an index test giving the relative performance of the product. Testing with site specific soil and conditions may give more relevant results for specific design. 4.3.7 Water permeability normal to the plane Data on water permeability are necessary when the reinforced structure is subject to water flow. 4.4 Release of dangerous substances National regulations on dangerous substances may require verification and declaration on release, and sometimes content, when construction products covered by this European Standard are placed on those markets. In the absence of European harmonized test methods, verification and declaration on release/content should be done taking into account national provisions in the place of use. NOTE An informative database covering European and national provisions on dangerous substances is available at http://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cp-ds/index_en.htm. SIST EN 13265:2016
EN 13265:2016 (E) 12 5 Assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) 5.1 General The compliance of geotextiles and geotextile-related products with the requirements of this European Standard and with the declared values shall be demonstrated by: — Product type determination (PTD); — Factory production control (FPC) by the manufacturer, including product assessment. The manufacturer shall always retain the overall control and shall have the necessary means to take responsibility for the product. 5.2 Presentation of characteristics The characteristics specified in Table 2, except for durability, shall be expressed as mean values and tolerance value(s) corresponding to the 95 % confidence level. The values expressed may be verified using the procedure referred to in 5.5. NOTE The 95 % confidence level corresponds to the mean value minus (and/or plus) a tolerance value (see Annex ZA, table ZA1.X column Notes). Both the mean value and the tolerance value are defined by the manufacturer to be representative of the performance of the product for the corresponding characteristic (these two values are not necessarily based on a statistical calculation). Information on durability shall be expressed in accordance with Annex B. 5.3 Product type determination (PTD) PTD tests shall be carried out by the manufacturer to define the values of the properties to be declared for the product to satisfy the requirements of this European Standard. PTD tests shall also be carried out on existing products when a change in the basic materials or manufacturing procedures affects the declared properties or the use of a product. In these cases, the PTD tests are those for the properties which are affected or shall be confirmed and new properties introduced by a change of use. The tests to be conducted shall be reference tests as specified in this European Standard and shall be selected from the characteristics specified in Table 2, consistent with the product’s intended use: Table 2 — Characteristics required for PTD and AVCP Characteristic Functions Tensile strength Filtration, reinforcement, protection Elongation at maximum load Filtration, reinforcement, protection Static puncture resistance (CBR test) Reinforcement, protection Dynamic perforation resistance (cone drop tt) Filtration, reinforcement, protection Protection characteristics Protection Characteristic opening size Filtration Water permeability normal to the plane Filtration Durability a Filtration, reinforcement, protection a
For the durability aspects, see Table 1 and Annex B. SIST EN 13265:2016
EN 13265:2016 (E) 13 The results of PTD tests shall be recorded and be available for inspection. The sample for the PTD tests shall be drawn according to EN ISO 9862 from a normal production run using the same materials and forming processes as used for the full production process. The size of the sample shall be big enough to allow the determination of the characteristics specified in Table 2. Handmade samples, short trial batches and other development prototypes may be tested by the same methods, but shall not be used for establishing characteristic values in PTD tests. 5.4 Factory production control (FPC) A FPC scheme shall be established and documented in a manual prior to a product type being placed on the market. Subsequently, any fundamental changes in raw materials and additives, manufacturing procedures or the control scheme that affect the properties or use of a product shall be recorded in the manual. The manual shall include the FPC procedures relevant to the declared properties, as confirmed by the product type determination. The FPC procedures shall consist of a permanent internal production control system to ensure that such products comply with this European Standard and that the measured values conform to the declared values. Annex A (normative) lists all the items that shall be considered to determine the appropriate control measures for a product. The manufacturer shall establish control measures for the relevant items and record them in his FPC manual. These measures shall be described in de
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