SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025

Additive manufacturing of metals - Environment, health and safety - Part 1: Safety requirements for PBF-LB machines (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025)

This document deals with the technical requirements and the means for their verification for additive manufacturing (AM) machines using a bed of metallic powder, pyrophoric feedstock excluded, and a laser herein designated as machine.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events during all phases of the life of the machine (ISO 12100:2010, 5.4), as listed in Annex A, caused by AM machines using a bed of metallic powder and a laser when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
This document does not deal with hazards which can occur:
—     during the design and construction phase of the laser beam powder ped fusion (PBF-LB) machine itself;
—     operating in potentially explosive atmospheres.
This document does not apply to technologies other than AM metals PBF-LB.
This document is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

Additive Fertigung von Metallen - Umwelt, Gesundheit und Sicherheit - Teil 1: Sicherheitsanforderungen für PBF-LB-Maschinen (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025)

Dieses Dokument behandelt die technischen Anforderungen und die Mittel zu deren Verifizierung für Maschinen zur additiven Fertigung (AM), die ein Metallpulverbett, unter Ausschluss pyrophorer Ausgangsmaterialien, und einen Laser verwenden und im Folgenden als Maschine bezeichnet werden.
Dieses Dokument behandelt alle in Anhang A aufgeführten signifikanten Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen oder Gefährdungsereignisse während aller Phasen der Maschinen-Lebensdauer (ISO 12100:2010, 5.4), die bei vorgesehener Nutzung der AM Maschinen, die ein Metallpulverbett und einen Laser verwenden, unter normalen Bedingungen oder bei durch den Hersteller vorhersehbaren Fehlanwendungen relevant sind.
Dieses Dokument behandelt keine Gefahren, die im Folgenden auftreten können:
   während der Gestaltungs- und Konstruktionsphase der Maschine für pulverbettbasiertes Schmelzen durch Laser (PBF LB) selbst;
   beim Betrieb in explosionsgefährdeter Umgebung.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht für andere Technologien als PBF LB von AM Metallen anwendbar.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anwendbar für Maschinen, die vor dem Veröffentlichungsdatum dieses Dokuments hergestellt wurden.

Fabrication additive de métaux - Environnement, hygiène et sécurité - Partie 1: Exigences de sécurité pour les machines PBF-LB (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025)

Le présent document traite des exigences techniques et des moyens permettant leur vérification pour les machines de fabrication additive (FA) utilisant un lit de poudre métallique, hors matières premières pyrophoriques, et un laser ci-après désigné par le terme «machine».
Le présent document traite de tous les phénomènes dangereux, situations dangereuses ou événements dangereux significatifs susceptibles de survenir au cours de toutes les phases du cycle de vie de la machine (ISO 12100:2010, 5.4), énumérés à l'Annexe A, causés par des machines de FA utilisant un lit de poudre métallique et un laser en utilisation normale et quand elles font l'objet d'un mauvais usage raisonnablement prévisible par le fabricant.
Le présent document ne traite pas des phénomènes dangereux pouvant se produire:
—     pendant les phases de conception et de construction de la machine de fusion sur lit de poudre à faisceau laser (PBF-LB) elle-même;
—     lors de l'exploitation en atmosphères potentiellement explosibles.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux technologies autres que celles de FA de métaux PBF-LB.
Le présent document n'est pas applicable aux machines fabriquées avant la date de sa publication.

Dodajalna izdelava kovinskih izdelkov - Okolje, zdravje in varnost - 1. del: Varnostne zahteve za stroje za spajanje prahu na podlagi z laserskim žarkom (PBF-LB) (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 02-Jul-2023
• Publication Date: 24-Aug-2025
• ICS: 13.100 - Occupational safety. Industrial hygiene
• ICS: 13.110 - Safety of machinery
• ICS: 25.030 - Additive manufacturing
• Technical Committee: VAR - Welding
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 24-Jul-2025
• Due Date: 28-Sep-2025
• Completion Date: 25-Aug-2025
• Directive: 2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Ref Project: EN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025 - Additive manufacturing of metals - Environment, health and safety - Part 1: Safety requirements for PBF-LB machines (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2025
Dodajalna izdelava kovinskih izdelkov - Okolje, zdravje in varnost - 1. del:
Varnostne zahteve za stroje za spajanje prahu na podlagi z laserskim žarkom
(PBF-LB) (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025)
Additive manufacturing of metals - Environment, health and safety - Part 1: Safety
requirements for PBF-LB machines (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025)
Additive Fertigung von Metallen - Umwelt, Gesundheit und Sicherheit - Teil 1:
Sicherheitsanforderungen für PBF-LB-Maschinen (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025)
Fabrication additive de métaux - Environnement, hygiène et sécurité - Partie 1:
Exigences de sécurité pour les machines PBF-LB (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025
ICS:
13.100 Varnost pri delu. Industrijska Occupational safety.
higiena Industrial hygiene
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
25.030 3D-tiskanje Additive manufacturing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO/ASTM 52938-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2025
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.030; 13.100; 13.110
English Version
Additive manufacturing of metals - Environment, health
and safety - Part 1: Safety requirements for PBF-LB
machines (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025)
Fabrication additive de métaux - Environnement, Additive Fertigung von Metallen - Umwelt, Gesundheit
hygiène et sécurité - Partie 1: Exigences de sécurité und Sicherheit - Teil 1: Sicherheitsanforderungen für
pour les machines PBF-LB (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025) PBF-LB-Maschinen (ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 May 2025.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 4

European foreword
This document (EN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 261
"Additive manufacturing" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 438 “Additive
Manufacturing” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2026, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by January 2026.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2025
without any modification.
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered
This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardization request “M/396
Mandate to CEN and CENELEC for Standardisation in the field of machinery" to provide one voluntary
means of conforming to essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast).
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of
the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements
of that Directive, and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Annex I of Directive
2006/42/EC
The relevant Essential Clause(s)/ subclause(s) of this Remarks/Notes
Requirements of Directive EN
2006/42/EC
1.1.2 (a) 4, 5, 6
1.1.2. (c) 4, 5, 6
1.1.2. (d) 4, 5, 6
1.1.2. (e) 4, 5, 6
1.1.3. Materials and products 4.11, 4.12
1.1.5. Design of machinery to
4.3.1, 4.11, 4.12
facilitate its handling
1.1.6. Ergonomics 4.12
1.2.1. Safety and reliability of 4.2.4, 4.2.4.1, 4.2.4.7, 4.2.4.8,
control systems 4.2.4.9, 4.11
1.2.2. Control devices 4.2.3, 4.2.4, 4.12
1.2.3. Starting 4.2.4.2
1.2.4.1. Normal stop 4.2.4.4
1.2.4.3. Emergency stop 4.2.4.5
1.2.5. Selection of control or 4.2.4.1, 4.2.4.7, 4.2.4.8, 4.2.4.9,
operating modes 4.3.2.1.2, 4.12
1.2.6. Failure of the power supply 4.2.4.2, 4.14
1.3.1. Risk of loss of stability 4.3.1
1.3.7. Risks related to moving
4.3.2
parts
The relevant Essential Clause(s)/ subclause(s) of this Remarks/Notes
Requirements of Directive EN
2006/42/EC
1.3.8. Choice of protection against
4.2.2
risks arising from moving parts
1.4. Required characteristics of
4.2
guards and protective devices
1.4.1. General requirements 4.2.1
1.4.2. Special requirements for
4.2.2
guards
1.4.2.1. Fixed guards 4.2.2.1
1.4.2.2. Interlocking movable
4.2.2.2
guards
1.4.3. Special requirements for
4.2.2.3
protective devices
1.5.1. Electricity supply 4.4.1, 4.5
1.5.2. Static electricity 4.4.2
1.5.3. Energy supply other than
4.9, 4.10
electricity
1.5.5. Extreme temperatures 4.5
1.5.6. Fire 4.11.3
1.5.7. Explosion 4.11.3
1.5.8. Noise 4.7, Annex C
1.5.9. Vibrations 4.6
1.5.11. External radiation 4.2.4.1
1.5.12. Laser radiation 4.8
1.5.13. Emissions of hazardous
4.11
materials and substances
1.5.15. Risk of slipping, tripping
4.3.3
or falling
1.6.1. Machinery maintenance 4.11, 6.2
1.6.2. Access to operating 4.11, 4.2.4.8, 4.3.3, 4.4.1, 4.5, 4.6,
positions and servicing points 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10
1.6.3. Isolation of energy sources 4.4.1, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.13
4.2.4, 4.3.2, 4.5, 4.7, 4.11, 4.11.2,
1.6.4. Operator intervention
4.11.4, 6.2
1.6.5. Cleaning of internal parts 4.11.1, 6.2
1.7.1. Information and warnings
6, 7
on the machinery
The relevant Essential Clause(s)/ subclause(s) of this Remarks/Notes
Requirements of Directive EN
2006/42/EC
1.7.1.1. Information and
4.2.3, 6.1
information devices
1.7.2. Warning of residual risks 6, 7
1.7.3. Marking of machinery 7
1.7.4. Instructions 6
1.7.4.1. General principles for the
6.1
drafting of instructions
1.7.4.2. Contents of the
6, Annex C
instructions
1.7.4.3. Sales literature Annex C, C.9
WARNING 1 Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European
Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this
standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European
Union.
WARNING 2 Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of
this standard.
Table ZA.2 — Normative references from Clause 2 of this document and their corresponding
European publications
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Reference in International
Title Corresponding European
Clause 2 Standard Edition
Standard Edition
Additive manufacturing —
ISO/ASTM 52900: ISO/ASTM 52900:2 General principles —
EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2021
2021 021 Fundamentals and
vocabulary
Acoustics — Determination
of sound power levels and
sound energy levels of noise
sources using sound
ISO 3744:2010 ISO 3744:2010 EN ISO 3744:2010
pressure — Engineering
methods for an essentially
free field over a reflecting
plane
Acoustics — Determination
of sound power levels and
sound energy levels of noise
ISO 3746:2010 ISO 3746:2010 EN ISO 3746:2010
sources using sound
pressure — Survey method
using an enveloping
measurement surface over a
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Reference in International
Title Corresponding European
Clause 2 Standard Edition
Standard Edition
reflecting plane
Hydraulic fluid power —
General rules and safety
ISO 4413:2010 ISO 4413:2010 EN ISO 4413:2010
requirements for systems
and their components
Pneumatic fluid power —
General rules and safety
ISO 4414:2010 ISO 4414:2010 EN ISO 4414:2010
requirements for systems
and their components
Acoustics — Declaration
and verification of noise
ISO 4871:1996 ISO 4871:1996 EN ISO 4871:2009
emission values of
machinery and equipment
Acoustics — Noise emitted
by machinery and
equipment —
Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a
ISO 11201:2010 ISO 11201:2010 work station and at other EN ISO 11201:2010
specified positions in an
essentially free field over a
reflecting plane with
negligible environmental
corrections
Acoustics — Noise emitted
by machinery and
equipment —
Determination of emission
ISO 11202:2010 ISO 11202:2010 sound pressure levels at a EN ISO 11202:2010
work station and at other
specified positions applying
approximate environmental
corrections
Safety of machinery —
ISO 11553-1
Laser processing machines
ISO 11553-1:2020 EN ISO 11553-1:2020
— Part 1: Laser safety
:2020
requirements
Acoustics — Recommended
practice for the design of
ISO/TR 11688- ISO/TR 11688-
low-noise machinery and EN ISO 11688-1:2009
1:1995 1:1995
equipment — Part 1:
planning
Safety of machinery —
ISO 12100:2010 ISO 12100:2010 EN ISO 12100:2010
General principles for
design — Risk assessment
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Reference in International
Title Corresponding European
Clause 2 Standard Edition
Standard Edition
and risk reduction
Safety of machinery —
Safety-related parts of
ISO 13849-
ISO 13849 1:2023 control systems — Part 1: EN ISO 13849-1:2023
1:2023
General principles for
design
Safety of machinery —
ISO 13849- Safety-related parts of
ISO 13849-2:2012 EN ISO 13849 2:2012
2:2012 control systems — Part 2:
Validation
Safety of machinery —
ISO 13850:2015 ISO 13850:2015 Emergency stop function — EN ISO 13850:2015
Principles for design
Safety of machinery —
Positioning of safeguards
ISO 13855:2024 ISO 13855:2024 with respect to the EN ISO 13855:2024
approach of the human
body
Safety of machinery —
ISO 14118:2017 ISO 14118:2017 Prevention of unexpected EN ISO 14118:2018
start-up
Safety of machinery —
Interlocking devices
ISO 14119:2024 ISO 14119:2024 associated with guards — EN ISO 14119:2024
Principles for design and
selection
Safety of machinery —
Guards — General
ISO 14120:2015 ISO 14120:2015 requirements for the design EN ISO 14120:2015
and construction of fixed
and movable guards
Safety of machinery —
Permanent means of access
ISO 14122- to machinery — Part 1:
ISO 14122-1:2016 EN ISO 14122-1:2016
1:2016 Choice of fixed means and
general requirements of
access
Safety of machinery —
ISO 20607:2019 ISO 20607:2019 Instruction handbook — EN ISO 20607:2019
General drafting principles
Explosive atmospheres -
ISO 80079- ISO 80079-
Part 36: Non-electrical
EN ISO 80079-36:2016
36:2016 36:2016
equipment for explosive
atmospheres - Basic method
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Reference in International
Title Corresponding European
Clause 2 Standard Edition
Standard Edition
and requirements
Explosive atmospheres -
IEC 60079-0:2017 IEC 60079-0:2017 Part 0: Equipment - General EN IEC 60079-0:2018
requirements
Safety of machiner
...