SIST EN ISO 14688-2:2004

Geotechnical investigation and testing - Identification and classification of soil - Part 2: Principles for a classification (ISO 14688-2:2004)

This part of ISO 14688, together with ISO 14688-1, establishes the basic principles for the identification and classification of soils on the basis of those material and mass characteristics most commonly used for soils for
engineering purposes. The relevant characteristics may vary and therefore, for particular projects or materials, more detailed subdivisions of the descriptive and classification terms may be appropriate. Identification and description of soil are covered by ISO 14688-1. The classification principles established in this part of ISO 14688 permit soils to be grouped into classes of similar composition and geotechnical properties and, with respect to their suitability for geotechnical engineering purposes, such as
- foundations,
- ground improvements,
- roads,
- embankments,
- dams, and
- drainage systems.
This part of ISO 14688 is applicable to natural soil and similar man-made material in situ and redeposited, but it is not a classification of soil by itself. Identification and description of rock are covered by ISO 14689-1.

Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Benennung, Beschreibung und Klassifizierung von Boden - Teil 2: Grundlagen für Bodenklassifizierung (ISO 14688-2:2004)

Dieser Teil der ISO 14688 stellt mit ISO 14688-1 die Grundprinzipien für die Benennung und Beschreibung sowie für die Klassifizierung von Böden auf der Basis der Eigenschaften dar, die gewöhnlicherweise für Böden im Bauingenieurwesen verwendet werden. Die relevanten Eigenschaften können variieren und es kann sein, dass für besondere Projekte und Materialien detailliertere Unterteilungen für die Identifikation und Klassifizierung erforderlich werden.
Die Benennung und Beschreibung von Boden wird in ISO 14688-1 behandelt.
Mit diesem Teil der ISO 14688 werden Böden in Gruppen mit annähernd gleichem stofflichen Aufbau und ähnlichen geotechnischen Eigenschaften im Hinblick auf ihre geotechnische Eignung zusammengefasst, z. B.
-   Gründungen;
-   Bodenverbesserungen;
-   Straßen;
-   Dämme und
-   Dränagen.
Dieser Teil der ISO 14688 gilt für natürlichen oder umgelagerten Boden sowie ähnliches Auffüllmaterial, wobei er keine Bodenklassifizierung als solche umfasst.
Die Benennung und Beschreibung von Fels werden in der ISO 14689-1 behandelt.

Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Dénomination, description et classification des sols - Partie 2: Principes pour une classification (ISO 14688-2:2004)

L'ISO 14688-2:2004, conjointement avec l'ISO 14688-1, établit les principes fondamentaux de dénomination, de description et de classification des sols, sur la base des caractéristiques des constituants et de leur masse les plus couramment utilisées pour les sols dans les projets d'ingénierie. Les caractéristiques utiles pouvant varier, et ainsi selon les projets ou matériaux, des subdivisions plus détaillées des termes descriptifs et de classification peuvent s'avérer plus appropriées.
Les principes de classification établis dans l'ISO 14688-2:2004 permettent de regrouper les sols en classes présentant des compositions et des propriétés géotechniques similaires, et en fonction de leur aptitude pour les projets d'ingénierie géotechnique.
L'ISO 14688-2:2004 est applicable aux sols naturels et aux matériaux artificiels similaires en place et déposés, mais ce n'est pas, à elle seule, une classification des sols.

Geotehnično preiskovanje in preskušanje – Prepoznavanje in razvrščanje zemljin – 2. del: Načela za razvrščanje (ISO 14688-2:2004)

Ta del standarda ISO 14688 skupaj s standardom ISO 14688-1 določa temeljna načela za prepoznavanje in razvrščanje zemljin na podlagi tistih značilnosti materiala in mase, ki se najpogosteje uporabljajo za namene gradbeništva. Pomembne značilnosti materialov se lahko razlikujejo in je zato pri nekaterih projektih in materialih primeren bolj natančen opis in opredelitev. Prepoznavanje in opisovanje pokriva standard ISO 14688-1. Načela razvrščanja, ki jih določa ta del standarda ISO 14688, omogočajo razporejanje zemljin s podobno sestavo in geotehničnimi značilnostmi v razrede za ugotavljanje njihove primernosti za geotehnične namene gradbeništva, na primer:.
- temelji,
- izboljševanje tal,
- ceste,
- nasipi,
- jezovi in
- drenažni sistemi.
Ta del standarda ISO 14688 se uporablja za naravne zemljine in podobne umetne materiale na kraju samem ter ponovno deponirane materiale, toda sam po sebi ne predstavlja razvrstitve zemljin. Prepoznavanje in opazovanje kamnin pokriva standard ISO 14689-1.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2004
• Withdrawal Date: 15-Mar-2018
• ICS: 13.080.05 - Examination of soils in general
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: KON - Structures
• Current Stage: 9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 15-Mar-2018
• Due Date: 07-Apr-2018
• Completion Date: 16-Mar-2018
• Ref Project: EN ISO 14688-2:2004 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Identification and classification of soil - Part 2: Principles for a classification (ISO 14688-2:2004)

Relations

• Replaced By: SIST EN ISO 14688-2:2018 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Identification and classification of soil - Part 2: Principles for a classification (ISO 14688-2:2017)
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2018
• Amended By: SIST EN ISO 14688-2:2004/A1:2013 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Identification and classification of soil - Part 2: Principles for a classification (ISO 14688-2:2004/A1:2013)
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Replaced By: SIST EN ISO 14688-2:2018 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Identification and classification of soil - Part 2: Principles for a classification (ISO 14688-2:2017)
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Amended By: SIST EN ISO 14688-2:2004/A1:2013 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Identification and classification of soil - Part 2: Principles for a classification (ISO 14688-2:2004/A1:2013)
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 14688-2:2004
01-december-2004
*HRWHKQLþQRSUHLVNRYDQMHLQSUHVNXãDQMH±3UHSR]QDYDQMHLQUD]YUãþDQMH]HPOMLQ±
GHO1DþHOD]DUD]YUãþDQMH,62
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Identification and classification of soil - Part 2:
Principles for a classification (ISO 14688-2:2004)
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Benennung, Beschreibung und
Klassifizierung von Boden - Teil 2: Grundlagen für Bodenklassifizierung (ISO 14688-
2:2004)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Dénomination, description et classification
des sols - Partie 2: Principes pour une classification (ISO 14688-2:2004)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14688-2:2004
ICS:
13.080.05 Preiskava tal na splošno Examination of soils in
general
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
SIST EN ISO 14688-2:2004 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 14688-2:2004

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 14688-2:2004
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 14688-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2004
ICS 93.020
English version
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Identification and
classification of soil - Part 2: Principles for a classification (ISO
14688-2:2004)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Dénomination, Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung -
description et classification des sols - Partie 2: Principes Benennung, Beschreibung und Klassifizierung von Boden -
pour une classification (ISO 14688-2:2004) Teil 2: Grundlagen von Bodenklassifizierung (ISO 14688-
2:2004)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 June 2004.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14688-2:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 14688-2:2004

EN ISO 14688-2:2004 (E)





Foreword


This document (EN ISO 14688-2:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 182
"Geotechnics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 341 "Geotechnical
Investigation and Testing", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2005, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2005.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.


Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 14688-2:2004 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14688-2:2004 without any
modifications.

2

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 14688-2:2004


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14688-2
First edition
2004-07-15


Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Identification and classification of soil —
Part 2:
Principles for a classification
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Dénomination, description
et classification des sols —
Partie 2: Principes pour une classification




Reference number
ISO 14688-2:2004(E)
©
ISO 2004

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 14688-2:2004
ISO 14688-2:2004(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.


©  ISO 2004
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland

ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 14688-2:2004
ISO 14688-2:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Principles of soil classifications . 3
4.1 General. 3
4.2 Fractions. 4
4.3 Particle size distribution (grading). 4
4.4 Plasticity. 5
4.5 Organic content. 5
5 Other principles suitable for soil classification. 5
5.1 General. 5
5.2 Correlations of density terms for sands and gravels. 5
5.3 Undrained shear strength of fine soils . 6
5.4 Consistency index. 7
5.5 Other suitable parameters. 7
Annex A (informative) Principles of soil classifications. 8
Annex B (informative) Example of a classification of soils, based on grading alone. 10
Bibliography . 13

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 14688-2:2004
ISO 14688-2:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14688-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 182, Geotechnics, Subcommittee SC 1,
Geotechnical investigation and testing.
ISO 14688 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Identification and classification of soil:
 Part 1: Identification and description
 Part 2: Principles for a classification
 Part 3: Electronic exchange of data on identification and description of soil

iv © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 14688-2:2004
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14688-2:2004(E)

Geotechnical investigation and testing — Identification and
classification of soil —
Part 2:
Principles for a classification
1 Scope
This part of ISO 14688, together with ISO 14688-1, establishes the basic principles for the identification and
classification of soils on the basis of those material and mass characteristics most commonly used for soils for
engineering purposes. The relevant characteristics may vary and therefore, for particular projects or materials,
more detailed subdivisions of the descriptive and classification terms may be appropriate.
Identification and description of soil are covered by ISO 14688-1.
The classification principles established in this part of ISO 14688 permit soils to be grouped into classes of
similar composition and geotechnical properties and, with respect to their suitability for geotechnical
engineering purposes, such as
 foundations,
 ground improvements,
 roads,
 embankments,
 dams, and
 drainage systems.
This part of ISO 14688 is applicable to natural soil and similar man-made material in situ and redeposited, but
it is not a classification of soil by itself.
Identification and description of rock are covered by ISO 14689-1.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3310-1, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth
ISO 3310-2, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal
plate
© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 14688-2:2004
ISO 14688-2:2004(E)
ISO 14688-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Identification and classification of soil — Part 1:
Identification and description
ISO 14689-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Identification and classification of rock — Part 1:
Identification and description
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions of ISO 14688-1 and the following apply.
3.1
soil classification
assignment of soil into soil groups on the basis of certain characteristics, criteria and genesis
3.2
soil group
a particular collection of soils of similar composition and geotechnical properties
3.3
uniformity coefficient
C
U
measure of the shape of the grading curve within the range from d to d
10 60
C = d /d
U 60 10
NOTE d and d are the particle sizes corresponding to the ordinates 10 % and 60 % by mass of the percentage
10 60
passing.
3.4
coefficient of curvature
C
C
...