ISO/TC 94 - Personal safety -- Personal protective equipment

This document specifies minimum requirements for light-weight protectors designed to provide protection for the eyes or eyes and face from biological hazards, such as pathogenic micro-organisms in human or other animal bodily fluids that can deposit onto the face or eyes. NOTE 1 Typical scenarios for use include healthcare, retail and transport settings. This document specifies requirements for both single-use (disposable) and re-usable (disinfectable) products or components. This document applies to all afocal (plano) and prescription lensed protectors and their components. This document does not cover the respiratory equipment required for protection against aerosols, which can be used in conjunction with these eye protectors, and for which other standards apply. This document does not apply to — protectors intended for protection from specific hazards, e.g. mechanical hazards, harmful artificial optical radiation, dusts, molten metals, heat, flame, hot solids, harmful gases, vapours (refer to ISO 16321-1 to ISO 16321-3), — protectors specifically for sports (refer to the ISO 18527 series), — protectors for lasers (refer to ISO 19818-1), and — respiratory protection against aerosols (refer to ISO/TS 16975-4). NOTE 2 Guidance related to the specific selection, use and maintenance is provided in Annex A. NOTE 3 Where eye and face protection is incorporated in protective equipment, such as a hood, full face respirators, powered air purifying respirators (PAPR) hoods and headtops, the relevant requirements of this document apply to the components providing eye and face protection.

This document specifies a method for assessing the heat penetration resistance of materials intended for use in clothing to protect against large splashes of molten metal. It provides specific procedures for assessing the effects of splashes of molten aluminium, molten cryolite, molten copper, molten iron and molten mild steel. The principle of the test method is applicable to a wider range of hot molten materials than those for which specific procedures are set out, provided that appropriate measures are applied to protect the test operator. It is important to note that good resistance of a material to a pure molten metal does not guarantee a good performance against any slag that can be present in a manufacturing process.

This document specifies the requirements for protective gloves to protect the hairdressers especially from the risk associated with micro-organisms and dangerous chemicals and defines terms to be used.

This document specifies the minimum design and performance requirements for clothing as part of personal protective equipment (PPE) to be used by firefighters, primarily but not solely to protect against exposure to flame and high thermal loads, and particulates (including other products of combustion). To assist with choice based on user risk assessment, a single level of heat and flame protection is included with a number of options that can provide additional protection. For more information on firefighter risk assessment consult ISO/TR 21808. The scope of this document does not include clothing for use in high-risk fire exposures where for example, reflective protective clothing according to ISO 15538 could be more appropriate, or for use in long-term firefighting operations in high ambient temperature, for example bush, wildland, or forest firefighting where clothing according to ISO 15384 (ISO 16073-3) could be more appropriate. Similarly, this document does not include clothing to protect against chemical and biological hazards, other than against short-term and accidental exposure while engaged in firefighting and associated activities when fighting fires occurring in structures. This document describes types, design, and performance of clothing, the specific requirements for clothing, marking, and manufacturer’s instructions.

This document specifies the minimum design and performance requirements for a fire hood as part of personal protective equipment (PPE) to be used by firefighters, primarily but not solely to protect against exposure to flame, high thermal loads and particulate protection.

This document specifies physical and performance requirements, test methods and marking requirements for industrial protective helmets. This document describes the requirements for two helmet types. Type I — intended to protect the upper part of wearer’s head against impacts that may occur in an industrial setting, such as a falling object. Type II — intended to protect the head against impacts that may occur in an industrial setting, such as a falling object or a fall. NOTE The Type II helmet is intended to offer protection from falls from standing or a low height, e.g. standing height elevated by up to one metre. The Type II helmet is not intended to offer protection to the head in all falls and is unlikely to prevent serious head injury or death in uncontrolled falls from one level to another or from a position elevated on a ladder or scaffolding. The selection of a Type II helmet should be considered as one part of an overall safe system of work in the context of working at heights and managing the risks of falls from greater than two metres.

This document specifies the laboratory test method for determining the field of vision for a respiratory protective device (RPD).

This document specifies minimum design and performance requirements for personal protective equipment (PPE) to be used by firefighters whilst engaged in fighting fires occurring in structures, primarily but not solely to protect against exposure to flame and high thermal loads. The scope of this document does not include PPE for use in high risk fire exposures where, for example: — protective clothing with reflective surface according to ISO 15538 might be more appropriate, — where exposure to lower levels of heat or flame may be encountered by firefighters engaged in support activities where PPE according to ISO 11613 might be more appropriate, — or for use in firefighting operations in high ambient temperature (for example bush, wildland or forest firefighting) where PPE according to ISO 16073 series might be more appropriate. Similarly, this document does not include PPE to protect against chemical and biological hazards, other than against short term and accidental exposure while engaged in firefighting and associated activities. This document provides an approach of a single minimum design and performance requirements for PPE, including optional requirements where identified, and for product markings and manufacturer’s instructions. Selection of an appropriate system of protective equipment is dependent upon an effective risk assessment which identifies the hazards to be faced, evaluates the likelihood of those hazards, and provides the means to reduce or eliminate these hazards (see ISO/TR 21808).

This document specifies a tomodynamometer cut test method and related calculations, for use on materials and assemblies designed for protective clothing, including gloves. The test determines resistance to cutting by sharp edges, such as knives, sheet metal parts, swarf, glass, bladed tools and castings. When this document is cited as a test method in a material or product requirement standard, that standard contains the necessary information to permit the application of this document to the particular product. This test does not provide data on the resistance to penetration by pointed objects such as needles and thorns, or the point of sharp-edged blades. The test described in this document is not considered suitable for testing materials made from chain mail and metal plates. The text of this document does not include provisions for the safeguard of the operator.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for the performance of materials and readymade garments for protection against the effects of precipitation (e.g. rain, snowflakes), fog and ground humidity. Garments for protection against other effects than precipitation (e.g. water splashes, waves) are excluded from this document. The protective effects and requirements of footwear, gloves and separate headwear are excluded from the scope of this document.

This document provides requirements, guidance and recommendations for the cleaning, inspection, and repair of PPE for use by firefighters. This document is intended to be used by those responsible for the cleaning, inspections, and repair of firefighters PPE, however, it will also provide vital guidance to those who are responsible for establishing such a program including fire and rescue services. This document does not cover the following at this time: a) chemical protective clothing; b) PPE required for protection against chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) materials. The selection and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for firefighters are covered by ISO/TR 21808.

This document specifies the minimum design and performance requirements for footwear as part of personal protective equipment [PPE] to be used by firefighters, primarily but not solely to protect against flame and high thermal loads while fighting fires occurring in structures.

This document specifies minimum design and performance requirements for gloves as part of personal protective equipment (PPE) to be used by firefighters, primarily, but not solely, to protect against exposure to flame and high thermal loads.

This document specifies the minimum design and performance requirements for helmets as part of personal protective equipment (PPE) to be used by firefighters, primarily but not solely to protect against impact and exposure to flame and high thermal loads.

This document specifies a test method for determining the resistance of complete protective clothing to inward leakage of liquid chemicals (protective clothing integrity). This method specifies an alternative method for determining the resistance to spray penetration because it uses a static manikin instead of a test subject; it also uses a different spray configuration and duration than the other methods within ISO 17491 series. This test method is aligned with ASTM F1359 since the only laboratories with equipment of this kind are performing testing according to that standard. This test method is not appropriate for evaluating the permeation or penetration of liquid chemicals through the material from which the clothing is made.

This document specifies the requirements and test methods for protective gloves intended to protect the user against micro-organisms. NOTE If other protection features are needed, e.g. chemical risks, mechanical risks, thermal risks, electrostatic dissipation etc., the appropriate specific performance standard is used in addition. Further information on protective gloves standards can be found in the ISO 21420:2020+Amd 1:2022

This document specifies the requirements for protective gloves intended to protect the user against dangerous chemicals and defines terms to be used. NOTE If other protection features are covered, e.g., mechanical risks, thermal risks, electrostatic dissipation etc., the appropriate specific performance standard is used in addition. Further information on protective gloves standards can be found in the ISO 21420.

This document specifies minimum safety requirements and test methods for protective clothing including hoods, aprons, sleeves, and gaiters that are designed to protect the wearer's body including head (hoods) and feet (gaiters) and that are to be worn during welding and allied processes with comparable risks. For the protection of the wearer’s head and feet, this document is only applicable to hoods and gaiters. This document does not cover requirements for feet, hand, face, and/or eye protectors. This type of protective clothing is intended to protect the wearer against the following hazards: — spatter (small splashes of molten metal) in 2 risk levels, short contact time with flame, radiant heat from an electric arc used for welding and allied processes, — harmful artificial optical radiation (UV-A, UV-B and especially UV-C) in 3 risk levels generated during welding and allied processes and — minimizes the possibility of electrical shock by short-term, accidental contact with live electrical conductors at voltages up to approximately 100 V d. c. in normal conditions of welding. Sweat, soiling, or other contaminants can affect the level of protection provided against short-term accidental contact with live electric conductors at these voltages. The main manual welding processes are exemplified and are classified into process groups according to the maximum effectively emitted total irradiance, which has been determined and evaluated by measurement for these types of welding processes. For adequate overall protection against the risks to which welders are likely to be exposed, personal protective equipment (PPE) covered by other standards should additionally be worn to protect the head, face, hands, and feet. This document is not applicable for laser welding processes (coherent, monochromatic radiation sources). Guidance for the selection of protective clothing for different welding activities is detailed in Annex B.

This document provides technical details for calculating predicted burn injury to human skin when its surface is subject to a varying heat flux, such as may occur due to energy transmitted through and by a garment or protective clothing ensemble exposed to flames. A series of test cases are provided against which the burn injury prediction calculation method is verified. It also contains requirements for the in situ calibration of the thermal energy sensor — skin injury prediction system for the range of heat fluxes that occur under garments. The skin burn injury calculation methods as presented in this test method do not include terms for handling short wavelength radiation that may penetrate the skin. The latter include arc flashes, some types of fire exposures with liquid or solid fuels, and nuclear sources.

This document specifies the overall requirements, equipment and calculation methods to provide results that can be used for evaluating the performance of complete garments or protective clothing ensembles exposed to short duration flame engulfment. This test method establishes a rating system to characterize the thermal protection provided by single-layer and multi-layer garments made of flame resistant materials. The rating is based on the measurement of heat transfer to a full-size manikin exposed to convective and radiant energy in a laboratory simulation of a fire with controlled heat flux, duration and flame distribution. The heat transfer data is summed over a prescribed time to give the total transferred energy. Transferred energy and thermal manikin protection factor (TMPF) assessment methods provide a means to quantify product performance. The exposure heat flux is limited to a nominal level of 84 kW/m2 and durations of 3 s to 20 s dependant on the risk assessment and expectations from the thermal insulating capability of the garment. The results obtained apply only to the particular garments or ensembles, as tested, and for the specified conditions of each test, particularly with respect to the heat flux, duration and flame distribution. This test method covers visual evaluation, observation, inspection and documentation on the overall behaviour of the test specimen(s) before, during and after the exposure. The effects of body position and movement are not addressed in this test method. The heat flux measurements can also be used to calculate the predicted skin burn injury resulting from the exposure (see ISO 13506-2). This test method does not simulate high radiant exposures such as those found in arc flash exposures, some types of fire exposures where liquid or solid fuels are involved, nor exposure to nuclear explosions. NOTE This test method is complex and requires a high degree of technical expertise in both the test setup and operation. Even minor deviations from the instructions in this test method can lead to significantly different test results.

This document specifies the test method for determining the resistance of chemical protective clothing to penetration by sprays of liquid chemicals at two different levels of intensity: a) Method A: low-level spray test. This is applicable to clothing that covers the full body surface and is intended to be worn when there is a potential risk of exposure to small quantities of spray or accidental low-volume splashes of a liquid chemical. b) Method B: high-level spray test. This is applicable to clothing with spray-tight connections between different parts of the clothing and, if applicable, between the clothing and other items of personal protective equipment, which covers the full body surface and which is intended to be worn when there is a risk of exposure to sprayed liquid chemical. This document does not apply to chemical permeation resistance of the materials from which the chemical protective clothing is made.

This document specifies a test method for determining the liquid tightness of clothing for protection against rain, using a static manikin exposed to large amount of high energy droplets from above. It is applicable to the testing of jackets, trousers, coats and one- or two-piece suits. This document is not applicable to the testing of garments for resistance to other weather conditions, e.g. snow, hail-, or strong winds. NOTE For general background of the rain simulation, see Annex A.

This document sets out the best practices for the selection and use of PPE designed to provide protection for firefighters while carrying out their duties. The PPE covered in this document is intended for firefighting personnel exposed to risks associated with but not necessarily limited to the following activities: — structural firefighting; — wildland firefighting; — incidents involving hazardous materials; — incidents involving motor vehicle; — urban search and rescue. The purpose of this document is to highlight the main areas that a fire service needs to consider when providing PPE to its members. This document is a supplement to the information provided in the PPE standards or used in conjunction with them. Most paragraphs of the document contain bullet lists, these lists are provided for guidance only and they are not exhaustive. Cleaning, inspection and repair of firefighters' personal protective equipment (including care and maintenance) are covered by ISO 23616.

This document specifies reference's test methods for determining the properties of sunglasses given in ISO 12312 (all parts). It is applicable to all sunglasses and related eyewear. Other test methods can be used if proven to be equivalent.

This document specifies a tomodynamometer cut test method and related calculations, for use on materials and assemblies designed for protective clothing, including gloves. The test determines resistance to cutting by sharp edges, such as knives, sheet metal parts, swarf, glass, bladed tools and castings. When this document is cited as a test method in a material or product requirement standard, that standard contains the necessary information to permit the application of this document to the particular product. This test does not provide data on the resistance to penetration by pointed objects such as needles and thorns, or the point of sharp-edged blades. The test described in this document is not considered suitable for testing materials made from chain mail and metal plates. The text of this document does not include provisions for the safeguard of the operator.

This document contains a list of terms which are frequently used in the standardization of protective clothing (5.1.4) and protective equipment worn on the body, including hand and arm protection and lifejackets, and definitions of these terms. The definitions are intended to support an unambiguous use of the terms listed. This document is intended to serve as a reference document for the Working Groups of CEN/TC 162 and ISO/TC 94/SC 13 to ascertain what definitions already exist and may be used for setting up new standards and to provide guidance in the elaboration of new definitions. NOTE - In addition to text written in the official ISO languages (English, French), this document gives text in German. This text is published under the responsibility of the Member Body for Germany (DIN) and is given for information only. Only the text given in the official lan­guages can be considered as ISO text.

This document contains information related to the interaction between respiratory protective devices and the human body functions of hearing and speech.

This document is one part of a series of International Standards that provide information on factors related to human anthropometry, physiology, ergonomics and performance for the preparation of standards for design, testing and use of respiratory protective devices. This document contains information related to thermal effects of respiratory protective devices on the human body. In particular information is given for: — temperatures of surfaces associated with discomfort sensation and harmful effects on human tissues; — thermal effects of breathing gas temperatures on lung airways and tissues; — effects of breathing gas temperature and humidity on respiratory heat exchange; — effects of respiratory protective devices on overall body heat exchange. The information represents data for adult healthy men and women in the age 20 years to 60 years.

This document describes how to calculate the work performed by a person’s respiratory muscles with and without the external respiratory impediments that are imposed by RPD of all kinds, except diving equipment. This document describes how much additional impediment people can tolerate and contains values that can be used to judge the acceptability of an RPD. NOTE These calculations are explained in some textbooks on respiratory physiology (in the absence of an RPD), but most omit them or are incomplete in their explanations.

This document provides information on the psycho-physiological effects related to the wearing of respiratory protective devices (RPD) and it is intended for the preparation of standards for selection and use of RPD. It specifies for the writers of RPD standards, principles relating to — the interaction between RPD and the human physiological and psychological perception, — the acceptance by the wearer, and — the need for training to improve acceptance of the RPD by the wearer. This document does not cover requirements related to the specific hazard for which the RPD is designed.

This document describes requirements on factors related to human physiology, ergonomics and performance for the preparation of standards for performance requirements, testing and use of respiratory protective devices (RPD). This document gives guidance on the generic ergonomic factors related to RPD. It specifies principles relating to — the biomechanical interaction between RPD and the human body, and — the interaction between RPD and the human senses: vision, hearing, smell, taste and skin contact. This document does not cover requirements related to specific hazards for which RPD are designed.

This document specifies detailed information to assist the responsible person to select, use and maintain respiratory protective devices (RPD) in the context of a pandemic/epidemic/outbreak of infectious respiratory disease at the workplace. This document is intended for workplace applications and to guide those developing pandemic-related respiratory protection programs. The guidance contained in this document is not intended to be exhaustive but highlights important aspects to which attention is given. It is used in conjunction with ISO/TS 16975-1, ISO/TS 16975-2 and ISO 16975-3 for all workplaces, including healthcare. This document focuses on particle filtering RPD only, as respiratory protection against pathogens. This document does not apply to RPD programmes for RPD used exclusively for medical life support respirators and resuscitators. The information contained in this document can be used to assist in the preparation of national or local regulations and guidance; however, this document does not supersede national or local regulations and guidance. This document is not applicable to non-workplace situations.

This document provides information on factors related to human anthropometry, physiology, ergonomics, and performance for the preparation of standards for performance requirements, testing, and use of respiratory protective devices. This document contains information related to respiratory and metabolic responses to rest and work at various intensities. Information is provided for the following: metabolic rates associated with various intensities of work; oxygen consumption as a function of metabolic rate and minute ventilation for persons representing three body sizes; peak inspiratory flow rates during conditions of speech and no speech for persons representing three body sizes as a function of metabolic rates. The information contained within this document represents data for healthy adult men and women of approximately 30 years of age, but is considered to be applicable for the age range of the worker population.

This document gives: a description of the composition of the Earth's atmosphere; a description of the physiology of human respiration; a survey of the current biomedical literature on the effects of carbon dioxide and oxygen on human physiology; examples of environmental circumstances where the partial pressure of oxygen or carbon dioxide can vary from that found at sea level. This document identifies oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration limit values and the length of time within which they would not be expected to impose physiological distress. To adequately illustrate the effects on human physiology, this document addresses both high altitude exposures where low partial pressures are encountered and underwater diving, which involves conditions with high partial pressures. The use of respirators and various work rates during which RPD can be worn are also included.

This document is one part of the ISO 16976 series that provide information on factors related to human anthropometry, physiology, ergonomics, and performance for the preparation of standards for design, testing, and use of respiratory protective devices. This document contains information related to anthropometry. In particular, information is given for: — anthropometric measurement methods; — anthropometric data for head, face, and neck dimensions; — anthropometric data for torso dimensions; — human test panels; — models of headforms.

This document describes compatibility for ensembles of personal protective equipment (PPE) to be used by personnel where operating situations and processes require more than one piece of PPE. Where there is more than one risk to health and safety, it is necessary to wear or use more than one item of PPE at the same time. Such equipment should be compatible and continue to be effective to minimise the risks. This document includes examples of interactions between items of PPE, between PPE and the operating environment and the effects of PPE on the correct functioning of integrated sensors and electronic devices. This document provides suggestions of test procedures to assess the effects of any interactions and identify unacceptable restrictions to safe operations. NOTE The principles of this document are also applicable to assessment of interactions with other items in an ensemble that are necessary to the work and that are not PPE, for example cap lamps, instruments, tools. This document is also intended to be a general guideline for writers of performance requirements standards and test methods for PPE. This document can also be used by PPE manufacturers, distributors, solutions providers, purchasers, wearers and employers as guidance in PPE design and selection.

This document specifies two complementary methods (method A and method B) for determining the behaviour of materials for heat protective clothing subjected to heat radiation. These tests are carried out on representative single or multi-layer textiles or other materials intended for clothing for protection against heat. They are also applicable to assemblies, which correspond to the overall build up of a heat protective clothing assembly with or without underclothing, Method A serves for visual assessment of any changes in the material after the action of heat radiation. With method B the protective effect of the materials is determined. The materials may be tested either by both methods or only by one of them. The tests according to these two methods serve to classify materials; however, to be able to make a statement or prediction as to the suitability of a material for protective clothing additional criteria must be taken into account. Since the tests are carried out at room temperature the results do not necessarily correspond to the behaviour of the materials at higher ambient temperatures and therefore are only to a limited extent suitable for predicting the performance of the protective clothing made from the materials under test.

This document gives information on the selection and use of personal protective equipment for the hand protection. The application of this document requires that the risk assessment has been carried out and the hazards have been minimized accordingly through substitution and technical and organizational measures. On this basis, this document contains information that supports employers in counteracting certain risks to hands that could not be sufficiently reduced by substitution and technical and organizational measures by selecting and using suitable protective gloves. This document provides explanations on selection, usage and training applicable to protective gloves. The explanations concerning specific hazards are provided in annexes. This guidance considers the following risks: — mechanical, (see Annex A); — chemical, (see Annex B); — biological, (see Annex C); — thermal, (see Annex D and E); — electrostatic discharge (see Annex F); — ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination (see Annex G). This guidance does not cover other risks, because pertinent international or national publications are available or because the relevant information was not available in ISO/TC 94/SC 13/WG 8. Risks not covered include e.g.: — cuts and stabs by hand knives; — use of chain saws (covered by ISO 11393-4:2018, Annex A); — animal bites; — needlesticks; — electrocution; — optical radiation; — vibrations; — electric fault arcs; — firefighting (covered by ISO/TR 21808); — sport.