59.060 - Textile fibres
ICS 59.060 Details
Textile fibres
Textilfasern
Fibres textiles
Tekstilna vlakna
General Information
This document specifies a method of determining the micronaire value of loose disorientated cotton fibres taken from bales, laps and slivers, or other sources of lint cotton.
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This document defines the generic names used to designate the different categories of man-made fibres,
based on a main polymer, currently manufactured on an industrial scale for textile and other purposes,
together with the distinguishing attributes that characterize them. The term “man-made fibres” has
been adopted for those fibres obtained by a manufacturing process, as distinct from materials which
occur naturally in fibrous form.
This document gives recommendations of rules for the creation of the generic name (see Annex A).
NOTE These rules have been introduced in the sixth edition of ISO 2076, and thus, they are not applicable to
the existing generic names of the previous editions.
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This document specifies a gravimetric method and a vibroscope method for the determination of the
linear density of textile fibres applicable respectively to:
a) bundles of fibres;
b) individual fibres.
Useful data can be obtained on man-made fibres and, with less precision, on natural fibres.
This document only applies to fibres which can be kept straight and, in the case of bundles, parallel,
during test preparation. It is properly applicable when the fibres are readily freed of crimp. The methods
in this document are not applicable to tapered fibres.
The vibroscope method is not always applicable to hollow and flat (ribbon-like) fibres.
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This document defines the generic names used to designate the different categories of man-made fibres, based on a main polymer, currently manufactured on an industrial scale for textile and other purposes, together with the distinguishing attributes that characterize them. The term “man-made fibres” has been adopted for those fibres obtained by a manufacturing process, as distinct from materials which occur naturally in fibrous form. This document gives recommendations of rules for the creation of the generic name (see Annex A). NOTE     These rules have been introduced in the sixth edition of ISO 2076, and thus, they are not applicable to the existing generic names of the previous editions.
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This document specifies a method of test for determining the percentage of medullated wool fibres by means of the projection microscope.
The method is applicable to woollen and worsted products, at all stages, from raw materials to yarn.
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This document specifies a method of determining the micronaire value of loose disorientated cotton fibres taken from bales, laps and slivers, or other sources of lint cotton.
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This document specifies a method, using formic acid and zinc chloride, to determine the mass
percentage of viscose or certain types of cupro or modal or lyocell, after removal of non-fibrous matter,
in textiles made of mixtures of
— viscose or certain types of the cupro or modal or lyocell fibres
with
— flax fibres.
This document is not applicable to mixtures in which the flax fibre has suffered extensive chemical
degradation, nor when the viscose, cupro, modal or lyocell fibre is rendered incompletely soluble by the
presence of certain permanent finishes or reactive dyes that cannot be removed completely.
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This document specifies a chromatographic method to determine the amount of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs: C10-C13) and middle-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs: C14-C17) in textile articles, especially in polymer of the coated fabrics, prints made of polymer and buttons made of polymer (e.g. polyvinylchloride) by means of solvent extraction and gas chromatography negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS).
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This document specifies a method for the automatic determination of the deformability of textile fabrics,
including continuous-fibre reinforcement textiles. This method is not applicable to resin impregnated
fabrics.
The method is suitable for use with fabrics such as woven or knitted fabrics, nonwovens, non-crimp
fabrics, fabrics made of glass rovings or untwisted carbon filament yarns intended for reinforced
composite materials. When applying the method to multi-axial non-crimp fabrics, the evaluation of the
fibre orientation and gaps only incorporates the uppermost layer.
The method can be used for fabrics treated with powder binder.
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This document describes a method, using capacitance measuring equipment, for determining the unevenness of linear density along the length of textile strands. The method is applicable to tops, slivers, rovings, spun yarns and continuous filament yarns, made from either natural or man-made fibres, in the range of 4 tex (g/km) to 80 ktex (kg/km) for staple-fibre strands and 1 tex(g/km) to 600 tex (g/km) for continuous-filament yarns. It is not applicable to fancy yarns or to strands composed fully or partly of conductive materials such as metals; the latter requires an optical sensor (see A.4), and to raw silk filaments which are tested according to a specific standard. The method describes the preparation of a variance-length curve, as well as the determination of periodicities of linear density. It also covers the counting of imperfections in the yarn, namely of neps and of thick and thin places.
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This document specifies a gravimetric method and a vibroscope method for the determination of the linear density of textile fibres applicable respectively to: a) bundles of fibres; b) individual fibres. Useful data can be obtained on man-made fibres and, with less precision, on natural fibres. This document only applies to fibres which can be kept straight and, in the case of bundles, parallel, during test preparation. It is properly applicable when the fibres are readily freed of crimp. The methods in this document are not applicable to tapered fibres. The vibroscope method is not always applicable to hollow and flat (ribbon-like) fibres.
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This document specifies a method, using acetone, to determine the mass percentage of acetate, after
removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of
— acetate
with
— wool, animal hair, silk, protein, cotton (scoured, kiered, or bleached), flax (or linen), hemp, jute, abaca,
alfa, coir, broom, ramie, sisal, cupro, viscose, modal, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, acrylic,
elastolefin, elastomultiester, melamine, polypropylene/polyamide bicomponent, polyacrylate and
glass fibres.
It is not applicable to mixtures containing modacrylic fibres, certain chlorofibres, nor to mixtures
containing acetate fibres that have been deacetylated on the surface.
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This document specifies a method, using formic acid and zinc chloride, to determine the mass percentage of viscose or certain types of cupro or modal or lyocell, after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of — viscose or certain types of the cupro or modal or lyocell fibres with — flax fibres. This document is not applicable to mixtures in which the flax fibre has suffered extensive chemical degradation, nor when the viscose, cupro, modal or lyocell fibre is rendered incompletely soluble by the presence of certain permanent finishes or reactive dyes that cannot be removed completely.
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This document specifies a method, using acetone, to determine the mass percentage of acetate, after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of — acetate with — wool, animal hair, silk, protein, cotton (scoured, kiered, or bleached), flax (or linen), hemp, jute, abaca, alfa, coir, broom, ramie, sisal, cupro, viscose, modal, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, acrylic, elastolefin, elastomultiester, melamine, polypropylene/polyamide bicomponent, polyacrylate and glass fibres. It is not applicable to mixtures containing modacrylic fibres, certain chlorofibres, nor to mixtures containing acetate fibres that have been deacetylated on the surface.
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This document provides definitions in the field of "smart" textiles and textile products as well as a categorization of different types of smart textiles. It describes briefly the current stage of development of these products and their application potential and gives indications on preferential standardization needs.
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This document specifies the method and conditions of test for the determination of the breaking force
and elongation at break of individual fibres in the conditioned or wet state.
The determination of these fibre properties, when carried out on different kinds of testing equipment,
will not generally give identical results. To avoid such differences, this document is restricted to the use
of constant-rate-of-extension testing machine.
It is applicable to all fibres, including crimped fibres, provided that the length of fibre available enables
the gauge length specified in this document.
NOTE For natural fibres (especially wool and cotton), the breaking test most commonly performed is that of
bundles of fibres (see ISO 3060 and IWTO 32‑82).
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This document specifies a method, using sulfuric acid, to determine the mass percentage of silk, after
removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of
— silk
with
— wool or other animal hair.
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This document specifies a method using hot formic acid to determine the mass percentage of melamine
fibres after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of:
— melamine fibres
with
— cotton, polypropylene or aramid fibres.
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This document specifies a method, using dimethylformamide, to determine the mass percentage of
acrylic, modacrylic, chlorofibre or elastane, after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of
mixtures of
— acrylic, certain modacrylics, certain chlorofibres, certain elastane fibres
with
— wool, animal hair, silk, cotton, viscose, cupro, modal, lyocell, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene,
elastomultiester, elastolefin, melamine, polypropylene/polyamide bicomponent, polyacrylate or
glass fibres.
It is not applicable to animal hair, wool and silk dyed with chromium based mordant dyes.
NOTE Dyestuff identification is described in ISO 16373-1.
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This document specifies a method for determination of triclosan residues in textiles by high performance liquid chromatography — tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). This method is applicable to all kinds of textile products.
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This document specifies the method and conditions of test for the determination of the breaking force and elongation at break of individual fibres in the conditioned or wet state. The determination of these fibre properties, when carried out on different kinds of testing equipment, will not generally give identical results. To avoid such differences, this document is restricted to the use of constant-rate-of-extension testing machine. It is applicable to all fibres, including crimped fibres, provided that the length of fibre available enables the gauge length specified in this document. NOTE For natural fibres (especially wool and cotton), the breaking test most commonly performed is that of bundles of fibres (see ISO 3060 and IWTO 32‑82).
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This International standard specifies a method for quantitative and qualitative analysis of extractable organotin compounds without derivatization in textile and textile‐related products.
This International Standard provides a method that uses Liquid Chromatograph with Tandem Mass Spectrometer (LC/MS/MS).
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This document specifies a method, using dimethylformamide, to determine the mass percentage of acrylic, modacrylic, chlorofibre or elastane, after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of — acrylic, certain modacrylics, certain chlorofibres, certain elastane fibres with — wool, animal hair, silk, cotton, viscose, cupro, modal, lyocell, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, elastomultiester, elastolefin, melamine, polypropylene/polyamide bicomponent, polyacrylate or glass fibres. It is not applicable to animal hair, wool and silk dyed with chromium based mordant dyes. NOTE Dyestuff identification is described in ISO 16373-1.
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This document specifies a method using hot formic acid to determine the mass percentage of melamine fibres after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of: — melamine fibres with — cotton, polypropylene or aramid fibres.
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This document specifies a method, using sulfuric acid, to determine the mass percentage of silk, after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of — silk with — wool or other animal hair.
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This document specifies three permeametric methods for the determination of the fineness of flax fibres.
— Constant flow method, with two compressions, using a test piece of parallel fibres (see Clause 5);
— Simplified constant flow method, with one compression, using a test piece of fibres distributed "at random" (see Clause 6);
— Constant pressure method, with one compression, using a test piece of fibres distributed "at random" (see Clause 7).
This document is applicable to the various forms possible for flax fibres, i.e. long strands, broken strands, all kinds of tow and at all stages of manufacture of these substances.
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This document specifies a qualitative and quantitative procedure to determine the composition of
animal hair fibre blends (made of wool, cashmere, yak, alpaca, camel or angora) by LC-MS without
protein reduction.
NOTE 1 The composition of non-animal hair fibres can be measured by ISO 1833 (all parts). Both results are
combined to determine the total fibre composition.
The method is based on a preliminary identification, by light microscopy, of all fibres in the blend on the
basis of their morphology, according to ISO/TR 11827[4]. It is not applicable if fibres of the same animal
species (such as blends of cashmere and mohair) are present.
NOTE 2 In this case, the quantitative analysis is performed using microscopical analysis [for example,
ISO 17751 (all parts)].
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This document specifies methods of quantitative analysis of various ternary mixtures of fibres.
The field of application of each method for analysing mixtures, specified in the parts of ISO 1833,
indicates the fibres to which the method is applicable.
This document is applicable to mixtures of fibres with more than three components provided that
the combination of test methods leads back to simple cases of fibre mixtures. Table B.1 illustrates the
typical ternary mixtures and their applied corresponding parts of the ISO 1833 series.
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This document specifies a method using trichloroacetic acid and chloroform to determine the mass
percentage of polyester fibres after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of
— polyester fibres
with
— aramid fibres (except polyamide imide), flame retardant (FR) viscose and polyacrylate.
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This document specifies a common method for the quantitative chemical analysis of various mixtures
of fibres. This method and the methods described in the other parts of ISO 1833 are applicable, in
general, to fibres in any textile form. Where certain textile forms are excepted, these are listed in the
scope of the appropriate part.
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This document specifies a method of test for determining the percentage of medullated wool fibres by means of the projection microscope. The method is applicable to woollen and worsted products, at all stages, from raw materials to yarn.
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This document specifies a test method for determining the presence of organotin compounds. This test
method is applicable to all types of materials of textile products.
NOTE CEN/TR 16741 defines which materials are concerned by this determination.
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This document specifies a method, using sulfuric acid, to determine the mass percentage of polyamide,
after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of binary mixtures of
— polyamide
with
— polypropylene/polyamide bicomponent.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method using trichloroacetic acid and chloroform to determine the mass percentage of polyester fibres after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of — polyester fibres with — aramid fibres (except polyamide imide), flame retardant (FR) viscose and polyacrylate.
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This document specifies methods of quantitative analysis of various ternary mixtures of fibres. The field of application of each method for analysing mixtures, specified in the parts of ISO 1833, indicates the fibres to which the method is applicable. This document is applicable to mixtures of fibres with more than three components provided that the combination of test methods leads back to simple cases of fibre mixtures. Table B.1 illustrates the typical ternary mixtures and their applied corresponding parts of the ISO 1833 series.
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This document specifies a qualitative and quantitative procedure to determine the composition of animal hair fibre blends (made of wool, cashmere, yak, alpaca, camel or angora) by LC-MS without protein reduction. NOTE 1 The composition of non-animal hair fibres can be measured by ISO 1833 (all parts). Both results are combined to determine the total fibre composition. The method is based on a preliminary identification, by light microscopy, of all fibres in the blend on the basis of their morphology, according to ISO/TR 11827[4]. It is not applicable if fibres of the same animal species (such as blends of cashmere and mohair) are present. NOTE 2 In this case, the quantitative analysis is performed using microscopical analysis [for example, ISO 17751 (all parts)].
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This document specifies a common method for the quantitative chemical analysis of various mixtures of fibres. This method and the methods described in the other parts of ISO 1833 are applicable, in general, to fibres in any textile form. Where certain textile forms are excepted, these are listed in the scope of the appropriate part.
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This document specifies a method, using sulfuric acid, to determine the mass percentage of polyamide, after removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of binary mixtures of — polyamide with —polypropylene/polyamide bicomponent.
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This document specifies a method, using diluted acetic acid, to determine the mass percentage of
chitosan fibres, after elimination of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of:
— chitosan fibre
with
— certain other fibres.
This method is applicable to fibre mixtures of chitosan fibre with cellulose fibres (cotton, linen, ramie,
viscose, modal, lyocell), protein fibres (wool, cashmere, silk), or synthetic fibres (polyester, polyamide,
acrylic).
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This document specifies the quantitative analysis of cupro and lyocell mixtures using the microscopical analysis as described in ISO 20705 after re-dyeing cupro and lyocell mixtures. This testing method is applied only for cupro and lyocell, or those blends. If other fibres are present, those are identified using the test method of ISO/TR 11827 and removed using the relevant parts of the ISO 1833 series. This method is not applicable for the fibre surface is damaged during the process (e.g. chemically or physically).
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This document specifies quantitative testing methods of fibres that consist of cupro and lyocell by using infrared spectroscopy (IR) analysis and multivariate analysis. This testing method is applied only for cupro or lyocell or a mix of both. The other fibres, such as cotton, viscose, etc. are identified using the test method of ISO/TR 11827 and removed using the relevant part of the ISO 1833 series.
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This document specifies the qualitative analysis for cupro and lyocell using the two methods separately — scanning electron microscope (SEM) method based on the application of ISO 20705, and — spectral analysis method. These testing methods are applied only for cupro and lyocell, or those blends. If other fibres are present, those are identified using the test method of ISO/TR 11827 and removed using the relevant part of the ISO 1833 series. This method is not applicable for the fibre surface that is damaged during the process (e.g. chemically or physically).
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EN-ISO 1833-17 specifies a method, using concentrated sulfuric acid, to determinethe mass percentage of chlorofibres and certain other fibres, after removal ofnon-fibrous material, in textiles made of mixtures of - cotton, viscose, cupro,modal, lyocell, acetate, triacetate, polyamide, polyester, elastomultiester,certain acrylic and certain modacrylic fibres with - chlorofibres (based onhomopolymers of vinyl chloride), polypropylene, elastolefin, melamine andpolypropylene/polyamide bicomponent. The modacrylics concerned are those whichgive a clear solution when immersed in concentrated sulfuric acid. This methodcan be used, particularly in place of the methods described in ISO 1833-12 andISO 1833-13, in all cases where a preliminary test shows that the chlorofibresdo not dissolve completely either in dimethylformamide or in the azeotropicmixture of carbon disulfide and acetone.
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This document specifies a method, using concentrated sulfuric acid, to determine the mass percentage of chlorofibres and certain other fibres, after removal of non-fibrous material, in textiles made of mixtures of
— cotton, viscose, cupro, modal, lyocell, acetate, triacetate, polyamide, polyester, elastomultiester, certain acrylic and certain modacrylic fibres
with
— chlorofibres (based on homopolymers of vinyl chloride), polypropylene, elastolefin, melamine and polypropylene/polyamide bicomponent.
The modacrylics concerned are those which give a clear solution when immersed in concentrated sulfuric acid.
This method can be used, particularly in place of the methods described in ISO 1833-12 and ISO 1833-13, in all cases where a preliminary test shows that the chlorofibres do not dissolve completely either in dimethylformamide or in the azeotropic mixture of carbon disulfide and acetone.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of fibre length distribution parameters (principally mean length, expressed as Hauteur or Barbe, and the coefficient of variation of the measurement) on slivers and rovings made from combed wool or combed synthetic fibres. As the fibres of different chemical structure have different di-electric values, the method is not directly applicable to slivers made up of a blend of wool/synthetic fibres.
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This document specifies common methods for the quantitative microscopical analysis of various mixtures of fibres. The methods described are based on the use of a light microscope (LM) or a scanning electronic microscope (SEM), on the measurements of the fibre apparent diameter (preparation of longitudinal views) or on the measurements of fibre section area (preparation of cross views), depending on the section shape of the fibres.
NOTE 1 When the section shape is circular or almost circular, the longitudinal views are appropriate. For the other section shapes, the cross views are adequate and Annex A lists conventional density of fibres to be used for the calculation of the mass percentage of the components. Pictures of section shapes of fibres can be found in ISO/TR 11827.
NOTE 2 Annex B presents statistical data on fibre diameter measurements (longitudinal view) and on fibre area measurements (cross view).
The given procedures apply to fibres in any textile form when mixtures of fibres cannot be separated by manual methods or by chemical methods.
Examples of mixtures of fibres are cashmere and wool, cotton and flax, flax and hemp.
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This Standard specifies methods for the identification of some bast fibres (flax, hemp, ramie) using both light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This document is also applicable to blends of these bast fibres and products made from them.
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- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies common methods for the quantitative microscopical analysis of various mixtures of fibres. The methods described are based on the use of a light microscope (LM) or a scanning electronic microscope (SEM), on the measurements of the fibre apparent diameter (preparation of longitudinal views) or on the measurements of fibre section area (preparation of cross views), depending on the section shape of the fibres. NOTE 1 When the section shape is circular or almost circular, the longitudinal views are appropriate. For the other section shapes, the cross views are adequate and Annex A lists conventional density of fibres to be used for the calculation of the mass percentage of the components. Pictures of section shapes of fibres can be found in ISO/TR 11827. NOTE 2 Annex B presents statistical data on fibre diameter measurements (longitudinal view) and on fibre area measurements (cross view). The given procedures apply to fibres in any textile form when mixtures of fibres cannot be separated by manual methods or by chemical methods. Examples of mixtures of fibres are cashmere and wool, cotton and flax, flax and hemp.
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This document specifies methods for the identification of some bast fibres (flax, hemp, ramie) using both light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This document is also applicable to blends of these bast fibres and products made from them.
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- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies a method, by determining the nitrogen content, to calculate the proportion of each component, after the removal of non-fibrous matter, in textiles made of mixtures of - jute with - animal fibres. The animal-fibre component can consist solely of hair or wool, or of any mixtures of the two. This document is not applicable to products in which dyestuffs or finishes contain nitrogen.
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