SIST EN 16517:2022
(Main)Agricultural and forestry machinery - Mobile yarders for timber logging - Safety
Agricultural and forestry machinery - Mobile yarders for timber logging - Safety
This European Standard gives safety requirements, and the means of verification, for the design and construction of mobile yarders for logging of forest products and their mounting. It counts for all logging operations with cable yarders both in sloped and flat terrain. In addition, it specifies the type of information on safe working practices (including residual risks) to be provided by the manufacturer.
It deals with the significant hazards (as listed in Table 1), hazardous situations and events relevant to mobile yarders used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clauses 4 and 5).
It is not applicable to:
- rope splicing,
- ancillary loaders or cable cranes,
- cableways for material transport (other than wood), and
- skidder winches (skidding).
The specifications of cabin in this context are only relevant for the yarder or a yarder-loader combination. The cabin and the chassis of the vehicle (prime mover), to which the yarder is mounted are not part of this document.
The Document deals with all the significant hazards (as listed in Table 1), hazardous situations and events relevant to mobile yarders when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clauses 4 and 5). This document is not applicable to mobile yarders manufactured before the date of its publication.
Land- und Forstmaschinen - Mobile Seilkrananlagen für den Holztransport - Sicherheit
Dieses Dokument liefert Sicherheitsanforderungen sowie die Mittel zur Verifizierung der Auslegung und Konstruktion von mobilen Seilgeräten für den Transport von Holzprodukten sowie deren Befestigung. Es gilt für alle Vorgänge der Holztransport mit mobilen Seilgeräten, sowohl in steilem als auch in flachem Gelände. Zusätzlich legt es die Informationen zu sicheren Arbeitspraktiken (einschließlich der Restrisiken) fest, die vom Hersteller bereitzustellen sind.
Es behandelt die signifikanten Gefährdungen (wie in Tabelle 1 angeführt), Gefährdungssituationen und Gefährdungsereignisse, die für mobile Seilgeräte relevant sind, die bestimmungsgemäß und unter den vom Hersteller vorhersehbaren Bedingungen der Fehlanwendung verwendet werden (siehe Abschnitt 4 und Abschnitt 5).
Die Geräuschemission (in Bezug auf den Luftschall) wird in diesem Dokument nicht behandelt.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anzuwenden für:
— das Spleißen von Seilen;
— Seilkräne oder Kabelkräne;
— Seilbahnen für den Materialtransport (außer Rohholz); und
— Seilwinden von Seilschleppern (Skidder).
Die Festlegungen für eine Schutzkabine sind in diesem Zusammenhang nur für die Seilgeräte oder eine Kombination aus mobilem Seilgerät und Ladekran relevant. Die Fahrzeugkabine und das Fahrgestell des Fahrzeugs (der Antriebsmaschine), auf dem das Seilgerät aufgebaut ist, ist nicht Gegenstand dieses Dokuments.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anzuwenden für mobile Seilgeräte, die vor dem Datum der Veröffentlichung dieses Dokuments hergestellt wurden.
Matériel agricole et forestier - Téléphériques forestiers mobiles pour l'exploitation du bois - Sécurité
Le présent document spécifie les prescriptions de sécurité et les moyens de vérification pour la conception et la construction de téléphériques forestiers mobiles pour l'exploitation de produits forestiers et leur montage. Il tient compte de toutes les opérations d'exploitation forestière réalisées au moyen de téléphériques forestiers, sur terrain en pente et sur terrain plat. En outre, il spécifie le type d'informations que le fabricant doit donner sur les pratiques d'utilisation sûre (y compris les risques résiduels).
Il traite tous les phénomènes dangereux (tels qu'énumérés au Tableau 1), situations et événements dangereux significatifs engendrés par les téléphériques forestiers mobiles lorsqu’ils sont utilisés normalement et dans les conditions de mauvais usage prévues par le fabricant (voir Articles 4 et 5).
L’émission de bruit (en ce qui concerne l’émission de bruit aérien) n’est pas traitée par le présent document.
Il ne s’applique pas aux :
- épissure de cordes ;
- chargeurs auxiliaires ou aux blondins ;
- câbles aériens pour le transport de matériaux (autres que le bois) ; et
- aux treuils de débardeuses (débardage).
Dans ce contexte, les spécifications de la cabine s'appliquent uniquement au téléphérique forestier ou à la combinaison téléphérique-chargeur. La cabine et le châssis du véhicule (moteur), sur lequel est monté le téléphérique forestier, ne relève pas du domaine d'application du présent document.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux téléphériques forestiers mobiles fabriqués avant sa date de publication.
Kmetijski in gozdarski stroji - Mobilni žični žerjavi za spravilo lesa - Varnost
Ta evropski standard določa varnostne zahteve in načine preverjanja zahtev za načrtovanje ter gradnjo mobilnih žičnih žerjavov za spravilo lesa in njegovo nakladanje. Uporablja se za vsakovrstno sečnjo s pomočjo žičnih žerjavov tako na nagnjenem kot ravnem terenu. Določa tudi vrsto informacij o varnih delovnih praksah (vključno z ostalimi tveganji), ki jih mora zagotoviti proizvajalec.
Opisuje večje nevarnosti (navedene v preglednici 1), nevarne situacije in dogodke v zvezi z mobilnimi žičnimi žerjavi, kadar se ti uporabljajo v skladu s svojim namenom in pod pogoji, ki jih je predvidel proizvajalec (glej točki 4 in 5).
Standard se ne uporablja za:
– splete vrvi,
– pomožne nakladalnike ali kabelske žerjave,
– žičnice za prevoz materiala (razen lesa) in
– drsne vitle (drsenje).
Specifikacije kabine v tem kontekstu so pomembne samo za žerjav ali kombinacijo žerjava in nakladalnika. Kabina in podvozje vozila (primarni pogon), na katerega je pritrjen žerjav, nista obravnavana v tem dokumentu.
Dokument obravnava vse večje nevarnosti (navedene v preglednici 1), nevarne situacije in dogodke v zvezi z mobilnimi žerjavi, kadar se ti uporabljajo v skladu s svojim namenom in pod pogoji nepravilne uporabe, ki jih je razumno predvidel proizvajalec (glej točki 4 in 5). Ta dokument se ne uporablja za mobilne žerjave, izdelane pred datumom objave tega dokumenta.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 16517:2022
01-februar-2022
Kmetijski in gozdarski stroji - Mobilni žični žerjavi za spravilo lesa - Varnost
Agricultural and forestry machinery - Mobile yarders for timber logging - Safety
Land- und Forstmaschinen - Mobile Seilkrananlagen für den Holztransport - Sicherheit
Matériel agricole et forestier - Téléphériques forestiers mobiles pour l'exploitation du bois
- Sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16517:2021
ICS:
53.020.99 Druga dvigalna oprema Other lifting equipment
65.060.80 Gozdarska oprema Forestry equipment
SIST EN 16517:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 16517:2022
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SIST EN 16517:2022
EN 16517
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 53.020.20; C
English Version
Agricultural and forestry machinery - Mobile yarders for
timber logging - Safety
Matériel agricole et forestier - Téléphériques forestiers Land- und Forstmaschinen - Mobile Seilkrananlagen
mobiles pour l'exploitation du bois - Sécurité für den Holztransport - Sicherheit
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 October 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16517:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 16517:2022
EN 16517:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 List of significant hazards . 12
5 Safety requirements and / or protective risk reduction measures . 16
5.1 General . 16
5.2 Structural calculations . 16
5.2.1 General . 16
5.2.2 Information to be given in the calculation . 17
5.2.3 Loads and forces . 17
5.2.4 Load combinations . 17
5.3 Stress analyses . 18
5.4 Mechanical arrangements. 18
5.4.1 Tower. 18
5.4.2 Guying . 18
5.4.3 Stabilizers . 18
5.4.4 Securing for transport . 18
5.5 Rope drive – Drive mechanism . 18
5.5.1 General . 18
5.5.2 Ropes . 19
5.5.3 Winches . 20
5.5.4 Designs of blocks, drums, traction sheave . 20
5.5.5 Brake. 20
5.6 Carriage . 21
5.6.1 Derailing . 21
5.6.2 Stopping devices . 21
5.6.3 Carriage clamp . 21
5.6.4 Drums and pulleys . 21
5.6.5 Load balance . 21
5.6.6 Diameter of pulley and roller . 21
5.7 Hydraulic system . 22
5.8 Limiting and indicating devices . 22
5.8.1 Load limiter . 22
5.8.2 Motion limiters . 22
5.8.3 Speed limiters . 22
5.8.4 Acoustic/visual warnings . 22
5.8.5 General safe stop (GSS) . 22
5.9 Controls . 22
5.9.1 General . 22
5.9.2 Control from different control stations . 23
5.9.3 Controls automatic returning to neutral position . 23
5.9.4 Controls with holding position . 23
5.9.5 Emergency devices against uncontrolled 'carriage' downhill movement . 23
2
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EN 16517:2021 (E)
5.9.6 Symbols . 23
5.10 Control stations . 23
5.10.1 General . 23
5.10.2 Operator cabin . 24
5.10.3 Safety . 24
5.10.4 Ground control . 24
5.10.5 Control station for setting up . 24
5.11 Platform and ladder . 24
5.11.1 Platform . 24
5.11.2 Ladder . 24
5.11.3 Strength and rigidity of components . 25
5.12 Electrical systems . 25
5.13 Assembly of machine components . 25
5.13.1 Attachment to three-point hitch system . 25
5.13.2 Combination of components of different manufacturers . 25
6 Verification of safety requirements and measures . 25
7 Information for use . 26
7.1 Mounting instructions. 26
7.1.1 General . 26
7.1.2 Instructions for assembly . 26
7.2 Markings . 27
7.2.1 General . 27
7.2.2 Manufacturer's plate . 27
7.2.3 Installer's plate . 28
7.2.4 Load signs . 28
7.2.5 Warnings . 28
7.3 Operator's manual. 28
Annex A (informative) Risk zone . 30
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered. 32
Bibliography . 35
3
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SIST EN 16517:2022
EN 16517:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 16517:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144 “Tractors
and machinery for agriculture and forestry”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2022, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
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SIST EN 16517:2022
EN 16517:2021 (E)
Introduction
Cable yarders in the context of this document are machines consisting of a yarder (including all
components), ropes (cables, lines) and a transporter system (carriage, rider block or butt rigg) where
the trees/logs/wooden biomass is hooked on to the transporter. The yarder is mounted on a chassis
(wheeled, tracked or sledge frame) and is designed for a quick change of location. In most cases, the
logging operations change position on a 1-3 day frequency.
Typical operation for cable yarders is the close collaboration of mechanized components with workers,
often in rough terrain. Cable yarding includes a lot of manual work in very difficult terrain where the
weight of the tools and ropes has a direct impact on the operators' ergonomic workload. Ergonomics
play therefore an important role in choosing adequate working coefficients for all elements. A review of
the relevant literature; historical experience and operation of cable yarders have indicated a wide range
of working coefficients (safety factor) with a focus on 2, 5 to 3 for the skyline and mainline.
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those, which are stated in type-A or type-
B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the
other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this
type-C standard.
5
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SIST EN 16517:2022
EN 16517:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document gives safety requirements, and the means of verification, for the design and construction
of mobile yarders for logging of forest products and their mounting. It counts for all logging operations
with cable yarders both in sloped and flat terrain. In addition, it specifies the type of information on safe
working practices (including residual risks) meant to be provided by the manufacturer.
It deals with the significant hazards (as listed in Table 1), hazardous situations and events relevant to
mobile yarders used as intended and under the conditions of misuse foreseeable by the manufacturer
(see Clauses 4 and 5).
Emission of noise (with regard to airborne noise) is not covered by this document.
It is not applicable to:
— rope splicing;
— ancillary loaders or cable cranes;
— cableways for material transport (other than wood); and
— skidder winches (skidding).
The specifications of cabin in this context are only relevant for the yarder or a yarder-loader
combination. The cabin and the chassis of the vehicle (prime mover), to which the yarder is mounted
are not part of this document.
This document is not applicable to mobile yarders manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 353-1:2014+A1:2017, Personal fall protection equipment - Guided type fall arresters including an
anchor line - Part 1: Guided type fall arresters including a rigid anchor line
EN 353-2:2002, Personal protective equipment against falls from a height - Part 2: Guided type fall
arresters including a flexible anchor line
EN 12077-2:1998+A1:2008, Cranes safety - Requirements for health and safety - Part 2: Limiting and
indicating devices
EN 12385-1:2002+A1:2008, Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008, Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 2: Definitions, designation and classification
EN 12385-3:2020, Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 3: Information for use and maintenance
EN 12385-4:2002+A1:2008, Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 4: Stranded ropes for general lifting
applications
EN 12965:2019, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Power take-off (PTO) drive shafts
and their guards - Safety
6
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EN 16517:2021 (E)
EN 12999:2020, Cranes - Loader cranes
EN 13001-3-1:2012+A2:2018, Cranes - General Design - Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence of
steel structure
EN 13001-3-2:2014, Cranes - General design - Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes
in reeving systems
EN 13557:2003+A2:2008, Cranes - Controls and control stations
EN 13586:2020, Cranes - Access
EN 17067:2018, Forestry machinery - Safety requirements on radio remote controls
EN 60204-1:2018, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60204-1:2016)
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:2008)
1
EN 60947-5-5:1997, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-5: Control circuit devices and
switching elements - Electrical emergency stop device with mechanical latching function
(IEC 60947-5-5:1997)
2
EN 61000-6-2:2005, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards - Immunity for
industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-2:2005)
3
EN 61000-6-4:2007, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-4: Generic standards - Emission
standard for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-4:2006)
EN ISO 3411:2007, Earth-moving machinery - Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator
space envelope (ISO 3411:2007)
EN ISO 3449:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Falling-object protective structures - Laboratory tests and
performance requirements (ISO 3449:2005)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2015)
1
As impacted by EN 60947-5-5:1997/A1:2005, EN 60947-5-5:1997/A2:2017 and EN 60947-5-5:1997/A11:2013.
2
As impacted by EN 61000-6-2:2005/AC:2005.
3
As impacted by EN 61000-6-4:2007/A1:2011.
7
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EN 16517:2021 (E)
EN ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery - Emergency stop function - Principles for design (ISO
13850:2015)
EN ISO 13854:2019, Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
(ISO 13854:2017)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
4
ISO 730:2009, Agricultural wheeled tractors — Rear-mounted three-point linkage — Categories 1N, 1,
2N, 2, 3N, 3, 4N and 4
ISO 3600:2015, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —
Operator's manuals — Content and format
ISO 4309:2017, Cranes — Wire ropes — Care and maintenance, inspection and discard
ISO 6750-1:2019, Earth-moving machinery — Operator's manual — Part 1: Contents and format
ISO 7000:2019, Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Registered symbols
ISO 8083:2006, Machinery for forestry — Falling-object protective structures (FOPS) — Laboratory tests
and performance requirements
ISO 8084:2003, Machinery for forestry — Operator protective structures — Laboratory tests and
performance requirements
ISO 16625:2013, Cranes and hoists — Selection of wire ropes, drums and sheaves
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
cableway
suspended cable used as an elevated rope along which a carriage can be pulled or moved
4
As impacted by ISO 730:2009/AMD 1:2014.
8
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EN 16517:2021 (E)
3.2
yarder
mobile or semi mobile unit that consists of a set of winch drums/pulley’s to operate lines for a
temporary cableway
Note 1 to entry: An ancillary carriage is pulled or moved by a cable (main line and/or haul back line) on the
suspended cable way which is used to bring the trees/logs/wooden biomass to the unloading zone. It can be
mounted on a sledge, behind or on a tractor, skidder or a truck.
3.3
tower yarder
yarder mounted to a vehicle or a trailer (prime mover) with integrated tower that can be tilted and/or
telescoped to horizontal position or retracted for transport reasons
3.4
butt rig
system of swivels, chain-like links, shackles, and bull hooks connected between the mainline and the
haul back line
Note 1 to entry: Chokers are attached to the butt rig with choker hooks (see 3.22).
3.5
rider block
block running (riding) on the haul backline to lift the butt rig which is connected to the rider block with
a short strap or chain
3.6
carriage
wheeled equipment that moves along the skyline with components to transport and lift loads
(trees/logs/wooden biomass)
Note 1 to entry: Movement can be provided by the mainline, haul-backline or separate integral engine.
3.7
skyline
cable on which the carriage rides
Note 1 to entry: It is the top line in the system.
3.8
main line
haul-in line
cable to pull the carriage directly to the yarder that can also be used for lifting, lowering and lateral
hauling of the load (log)
3.9
haul-back line
cable to pull the carriage away from the yarder that can also be used for lifting, lowering and lateral
hauling of the load (log)
Note 1 to entry: In high lead systems, it takes over the carrying function.
9
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EN 16517:2021 (E)
3.10
auxiliary line
cable for additional functions without carrying or retaining function
3.11
slack-pulling line
cable activating clamps or switching operations at the carriage without carrying or retaining function
3.12
setup-line
cable to supply the setup; without carrying or retaining function
3.13
lift line
cable exclusively to lower, lift and lateral haul the load (trees/logs/wooden biomass)
3.14
guy line
fixed ropes to rig the yarder, the intermediate supports or spar trees under the applied loads
3.15
tensioning line
cable as component of a tensioning tool
3.16
skidding line dutchman
cable (separate drive) to pull away the loads from the landing zone that can be used for lateral
positioning of the other lines on the area of operations
3.17
mounting (straw) line
light weight cable (separate drive) exclusively for installation and dismantling purposes
3.18
transverse line
cross line
cable or chain to carry the block or support saddle
3.19
fixing line
cable, belt, strap or chain to attach components to stumps, trees, plate and pin, earth anchors or rock
bolts
3.20
intermediate support line
line to keep intermediate supports in position
3.21
auxillary equipment
accessories which are subordinated
EXAMPLE Choker.
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EN 16517:2021 (E)
3.22
choker
equipment to bundle/concentrate the load constructed from either polypropylene rope, steel rope or
chain links
Note 1 to entry: Chokers are lifting accessories for fixing the load to lift line.
3.23
anchoring line
system of cables, chains, belts and similar parts
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 16517:2017
01-april-2017
.PHWLMVNLLQJR]GDUVNLVWURML0RELOQLåLþQLåHUMDYL]DVSUDYLOROHVD9DUQRVW
Agricultural and forestry machinery - Mobile yarders for timber logging - Safety
Land- und Forstmaschinen - Mobile Seilkrananlagen für den Holztransport - Sicherheit
Matériel agricole et forestier - Téléphériques forestiers mobiles pour l'exploitation du bois
- Sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 16517
ICS:
53.020.99 Druga dvigalna oprema Other lifting equipment
65.060.80 Gozdarska oprema Forestry equipment
oSIST prEN 16517:2017 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 16517:2017
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oSIST prEN 16517:2017
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 16517
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2017
ICS 53.020.20
English Version
Agricultural and forestry machinery - Mobile yarders for
timber logging - Safety
Matériel agricole et forestier - Téléphériques forestiers Land- und Forstmaschinen - Mobile Seilkrananlagen
mobiles pour l'exploitation du bois - Sécurité für den Holztransport - Sicherheit
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 144.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 16517:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 List of significant hazards . 12
5 Safety requirements and / or protective risk reduction measures . 16
5.1 General . 16
5.2 Structural calculations . 16
5.2.1 General . 16
5.2.2 Information to be given in the calculation . 16
5.2.3 Loads and forces . 17
5.2.4 Load combinations . 17
5.3 Stress analyzes . 17
5.4 Mechanical arrangements. 17
5.4.1 Tower. 17
5.4.2 Guying . 18
5.4.3 Stabilizers . 18
5.4.4 Securing for transport . 18
5.5 Rope drive – Drive mechanism . 18
5.5.1 General . 18
5.5.2 Ropes . 19
5.5.3 Winches . 19
5.5.4 Designs of blocks, drums, traction sheave . 20
5.5.5 Brake. 20
5.6 Carriage . 21
5.6.1 Derailing . 21
5.6.2 Stopping devices . 21
5.6.3 Carriage clamp . 21
5.6.4 Drums and pulleys . 21
5.6.5 Load balance . 21
5.6.6 Diameter of pulley and roller . 21
5.7 Hydraulic system . 21
5.8 Limiting and indicating devices . 22
5.8.1 Load limiter . 22
5.8.2 Motion limiters . 22
5.8.3 Speed limiters . 22
5.8.4 Acoustic /visual warnings . 22
5.9 Controls . 22
5.9.1 General . 22
5.9.2 Emergency devices against uncontrolled 'carriage' downhill movement . 23
5.9.3 Symbols . 23
5.10 Control stations . 23
5.10.1 General . 23
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5.10.2 Operator cabin . 23
5.10.3 Ground control . 24
5.10.4 Controls for setting up . 24
5.11 Platform and ladder . 24
5.11.1 Platform . 24
5.11.2 Ladder . 24
5.11.3 Strength and rigidity of components . 24
5.12 Electrical systems and related phenomena . 25
5.13 Assembly of machine components . 25
5.13.1 Attachment to three point hitch system . 25
5.13.2 Combination of components of different manufacturers . 25
6 Verification of safety requirements and measures . 25
7 Information for use . 26
7.1 Mounting instructions. 26
7.1.1 General . 26
7.1.2 Instructions for assembly . 26
7.2 Markings . 26
7.2.1 General . 26
7.2.2 Manufacturer's plate . 26
7.2.3 Installer's plate . 27
7.2.4 Load signs . 27
7.2.5 Warnings . 27
7.3 Operator's manual. 28
Annex A (informative) Risk zone . 30
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 32
Bibliography . 33
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European foreword
This document (prEN 16517:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144 “Tractors
and machinery for agriculture and forestry”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA which is an integral part of this document.
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Introduction
Cable yarders in the context of this document are machines consisting of a yarder (including all
components), ropes (cables, lines) and a transporter system (carriage, rider block or butt rigg) where
the trees/logs/wooden biomass is hooked on to the transporter. The yarder is mounted on a chassis
(wheeled, tracked or sledge frame) and is designed for a quick change of location. In most cases the
logging operations change position on a 1-3 day frequency.
Typical operation for cable yarders is the close collaboration of mechanised components with workers;
in often rough terrain. Cable yarding includes a lot of manual work in very difficult terrain where the
weight of the tools and ropes has a direct impact on the operators ergonomic work load. Ergonomics
play therefore an important role in choosing adequate working coefficients for all elements. A review of
the relevant literature; historical experience and operation of cable yarders have indicated a wide range
of safety factors with a focus on 2,5 to 3 for the skyline and mainline.
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance etc.)
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-
B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the
other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this
type-C standard.
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1 Scope
This European Standard gives safety requirements, and the means of verification, for the design and
construction of mobile yarders for logging of forest products and their mounting. It counts for all
logging operations with cable yarders both in sloped and flat terrain. In addition, it specifies the type of
information on safe working practices (including residual risks) meant to be provided by the
manufacturer.
It deals with the significant hazards (as listed in Table 1), hazardous situations and events relevant to
mobile yarders used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clauses 4
and 5).
It is not applicable to:
— rope splicing;
— ancillary loaders or cable cranes;
— cableways for material transport (other than wood); and
— skidder winches (skidding).
The specifications of cabin in this context are only relevant for the yarder or a yarder-loader
combination. The cabin and the chassis of the vehicle (prime mover), to which the yarder is mounted
are not part of this document.
The Document deals with all the significant hazards (as listed in Table 1), hazardous situations and
events relevant to mobile yarders when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse
reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clauses 4 and 5). This document is not applicable to
mobile yarders manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 349:1993+A1:2008, Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
EN 12077-2:1998+A1:2008, Cranes safety - Requirements for health and safety - Part 2: Limiting and
indicating devices
EN 12385-1:2002+A1:2008, Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008, Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 2: Definitions, designation and classification
EN 12385-3:2004+A1:2008, Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 3: Information for use and maintenance
EN 12385-4:2002+A1:2008, Steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 4: Stranded ropes for general lifting
applications
EN 12965:2003+A2:2009, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Power take-off (PTO)
drive shafts and their guards - Safety
EN 12999:2011+A1:2012, Cranes - Loader cranes
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EN 13001-3-1:2012+A1:2013, Cranes - General Design - Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence of
steel structure
EN 13557:2003+A2:2008, Cranes - Controls and control stations
EN 13586:2004+A1:2008, Cranes - Access
EN 60204-1:2006, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60204-1:2005)
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (IEC 60204-1:2006)
EN 61000-6-2:2005, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-2: Generic standards – Immunity for
industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-2:2005)
EN 61000-6-4:2007, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-4: Generic standards – Emission
standard for industrial environments(IEC 61000-6-4:2006)
EN ISO 3411:2007, Earth-moving machinery - Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator
space envelope (ISO 3411:2007)
EN ISO 3449:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Falling-object protective structures - Laboratory tests and
performance requirements (ISO 3449:2005)
EN ISO 4254-1:2015, Agricultural machinery – Safety – Part 1: General requirements (ISO 4254-1:2015)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 11850:2011, Machinery for forestry - General safety requirements (ISO 11850:2011)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery – Safety-related parts of control systems – Part 1: General
principles of design (ISO 13849-1:2015)
EN ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery ― Emergency stop ― Principles for design (ISO 13850:2015)
EN ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)
ISO 730:2009+A1:2014, Agricultural wheeled tractors ― Rear-mounted three-point linkage ― Categories
1N, 1, 2N, 2, 3N, 3, 4N and 4
ISO 3600:2015, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment –
Operator’s manuals – Content and presentation
ISO 4309:2010, Cranes — Wire ropes — Care and maintenance, inspection and discard
ISO 6750:2005, Earth-moving machinery — Operator's manual — Content and format
ISO 7000:2014, Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Registered symbols
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ISO 8083:2006, Machinery for forestry — Falling-object protective structures (FOPS) — Laboratory tests
and performance requirements
ISO 8084:2003, Machinery for forestry — Operator protective structures — Laboratory tests and
performance requirements
ISO 16625:2013, Cranes and hoists — Selection of wire ropes, drums and sheaves
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the
following apply.
3.1
cableway
suspended cable used as an elevated rope along which a carriage can be pulled or moved
3.2
fixed skyline
skyline both ends are fixed (anchor or blocked drum)
3.3
live skyline
skyline anchored at one end of the cableway at the ‘tail’ end of which the cable length (and tension
force) is adjustable
3.4
running skyline
skyline moving along two lines which allows the logs/load to be kept close to the terrain profile
3.5
yarder
mobile or semi mobile unit that consists of a set of winch drums/pulley’s to operate lines for a
temporary cableway
Note 1 to entry: An ancillary carriage is pulled or moved by a cable (main line and/or haul back line) on the
suspended cable way which is used to bring the trees/logs/wooden biomass to the unloading zone. It can be
mounted on a sledge, behind or on a tractor, skidder or a truck.
3.6
tower yarder
yarder mounted to a vehicle or a trailer (prime mover) with integrated tower that can be tilted to
horizontal position or retracted for transport reasons
3.7
butt rig
system of swivels, chain-like links, shackles, and bull hooks connected between the mainline and the
haul back line
Note 1 to entry: Chokers are attached to the butt rig with choker hooks, (see 3.23).
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3.8
rider block
block running (riding) on the haul backline to lift the butt rig which is connected to the rider block with
a short strap or chain
3.9
carriage
wheeled equipment that moves along the carrier line (skyline) with components to transport and lift
loads (trees/logs/wooden biomass)
Note 1 to entry: Movement can be provided by the mainline, haul-backline or separate integral engine.
3.10
skyline
cable on which the carriage rides
Note 1 to entry: It is the top line in the system.
3.11
main line (haul-in line)
cable to pull the carriage directly to the yarder that can also be used for lifting, lowering and lateral
hauling of the load (log)
3.12
haul-back line
cable to pull the carriage away from the yarder that can also be used for lifting, lowering and lateral
hauling of the load (log)
Note 1 to entry: In high lead systems, it takes over the carrying function.
3.13
auxiliary line / slack-pulling line / setup-line
cable for additional functions – like lowering and lifting of other lines, activating clamps, switching
operations, activities to supply the setup – without carrying or retaining function
3.14
lift line
cable exclusively to lower, lift and lateral haul the load (trees/logs/wooden biomass)
3.15
guy line
fixed ropes to stabilise the yarder, the intermediate supports or spar trees under the applied loads
3.16
tensioning line
cable as component of a tensioning tool
3.17
skidding line
dutchman
cable (separate drive) to pull away the loads from the landing zone that can be used for lateral
positioning of the other lines on the area of operations
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3.18
mounting (straw)line
light weight cable (separate drive) exclusively for installation and dismantling purposes
3.19
transverse line
cross line
cable or chain to carry the block or support saddle
3.20
anchoring rope/chain
cable, belt, strop or chain to attach components to stumps, trees, plate and pin, earth anchors or rock
bolts
3.21
intermediate support line
line to keep intermediate supports in position
3.22
auxillary equipment
accessories which are subordinated
EXAMPLE Choker.
3.23
choker
equipment to bundle/concentrate the load constructed from either polypropylene rope, steel rope or
chain links
3.24
anchoring
system of cables, chains, belts and similar parts to setup, fix towers and supports in a stable position
3.25
automatically applied brake (fail-safe brake)
brake that applies when the control device is not actively held in the open position
3.26
control station
operator work station
position where the control units of the yarder/cable-winch and/or carriage are placed
3.27
stabilizer
mechanical parts to guarantee (sometimes in combination with guylines) to keep the tower yarder in
balance
3.28
load limiter
element to avoid overstepping of the maximum allowable force in ropes
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3.29
motion limiter
element to limit uncontrolled moves of the carriage or the load
Note 1 to entry: That is important for automatic controlled moves in order to avoid the driving into areas where
other activities need the attention of operators and hind them to take over the control of the movements
3.30
speed limiter
element to limit the speed of the carriage
3.31
uphill yarding
yarding system where the logs are pulled uphill
Note 1 to entry: If the inclination of the cableway is step enough, gravity is used to bring the carriage down to
the loading spots
3.32
downhill yarding
yarding system where the logs are moved downhill
Note 1 to entry: The traditional system had a sled winch at the uphill position and used gravity to move the
carriage with the load downhill. Modern tower yarders are positioned on the bottom, of the skyline. A haul back
line or self-propelled carriage is used to bring the carriage upward to the loading spot.
3.33
all-terrain yarding
yarding system for flat areas where the carriage have to be actively moved in both directions (in and
out)
3.34
standing skyline
system where the skyline is fixed on both ends, with the forces resulting of the pretension, the payload
and the position of the carriage (maximum in mid of the longest span)
3.35
living skyline
system where the skyline can be hauled in or out during operation, used to lead the logs hooked to the
carriage close to the terrain
Note 1 to entry: Part of the load is on the ground and therefore the payload is reduced.
3.36
running skyline
system where the skyline is installed as a loop with a winch on both ends, the rider block, carriage or a
simple butt rig being fixed between the skyline (mainline) and the haul back line
Note 1
...
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