SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
(Main)Paints and varnishes - Vocabulary (ISO 4618:2023)
Paints and varnishes - Vocabulary (ISO 4618:2023)
This document defines terms used in the field of coating materials (paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes).
Terms relating to specific applications and properties are dealt with in standards concerning those applications and properties, including corrosion protection (see the ISO 12944 series), coating powders (see ISO 8130-14), electro-deposition coatings (see ISO 22553-1) and rheology (see ISO 3219-1).
Terms on nanotechnologies are harmonized with the ISO 80004 series.
Terms on pigments and extenders are harmonized with ISO 18451-1.
Beschichtungsstoffe - Begriffe (ISO 4618:2023)
Dieses Dokument legt Begriffe fest, die auf dem Gebiet der Beschichtungsstoffe (Lacke, Anstrichstoffe und Rohstoffe für Lacke und Anstrichstoffe) verwendet werden.
Begriffe, die sich auf spezifische Anwendungen und Eigenschaften beziehen, werden in Normen behandelt, die derartige Anwendungen und Eigenschaften betreffen, einschließlich Korrosionsschutz (siehe die Normenreihe ISO 12944), Pulverlacke (siehe ISO 8130 14), Elektrotauchlack (siehe ISO 22553 1) und Rheologie (siehe ISO 3219 1).
Begriffe zur Nanotechnologie sind mit ISO 80004 1 abgestimmt.
Begriffe zu Pigmenten und Füllstoffen sind mit ISO 18451 1 abgestimmt.
Peintures et vernis - Vocabulaire (ISO 4618:2023)
Le présent document définit des termes utilisés dans le domaine des produits de peinture (peintures, vernis et matières premières pour les peintures et vernis).
Les termes relatifs aux propriétés et applications particulières sont traités dans les normes pertinentes, notamment la protection contre la corrosion (voir la série ISO 12944), les peintures en poudre (voir l’ISO 8130-14), les peintures d’électrodéposition (voir l’ISO 22553-1) et la rhéologie (voir l’ISO 3219-1).
Les termes relatifs aux nanotechnologies sont harmonisés avec la série ISO 80004.
Les termes relatifs aux pigments et aux charges sont harmonisés avec l’ISO 18451-1.
Barve in laki - Slovar (ISO 4618:2023)
Ta dokument določa izraze, ki se uporabljajo na področju premaznih materialov (barve, laki ter surovine za barve in lake).
Izrazi, ki se nanašajo na specifične načine uporabe in lastnosti, so razloženi v standardih, ki obravnavajo te načine uporabe in lastnosti, vključno s protikorozijsko zaščito (glej skupino standardov ISO 12944), prekrivnimi prahi (glej standard ISO 8130-14), elektrodepozicijskimi premazi (glej standard ISO 22553-1) in reologijo (glej standard ISO 3219-1).
Izrazi, ki se nanašajo na področje nanotehnologije, so usklajeni s skupino standardov ISO 80004.
Izrazi, ki se nanašajo na pigmente in polnila, so usklajeni s standardom ISO 18451-1.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
01-maj-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 4618:2015
Barve in laki - Slovar (ISO 4618:2023)
Paints and varnishes - Vocabulary (ISO 4618:2023)
Beschichtungsstoffe - Begriffe (ISO 4618:2023)
Peintures et vernis - Vocabulaire (ISO 4618:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 4618:2023
ICS:
01.040.87 Industrija barv (Slovarji) Paint and colour industries
(Vocabularies)
87.040 Barve in laki Paints and varnishes
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
EN ISO 4618
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
February 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.040.87; 87.040 Supersedes EN ISO 4618:2014
English Version
Paints and varnishes - Vocabulary (ISO 4618:2023)
Peintures et vernis - Vocabulaire (ISO 4618:2023) Beschichtungsstoffe - Begriffe (ISO 4618:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 January 2023.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 4618:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
EN ISO 4618:2023 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
EN ISO 4618:2023 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 4618:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35 "Paints and
varnishes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and varnishes” the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2023, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by August 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 4618:2014.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 4618:2023 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 4618:2023 without any modification.
3
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4618
Third edition
2023-02
Paints and varnishes — Vocabulary
Peintures et vernis — Vocabulaire
Reference number
ISO 4618:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
ISO 4618:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
ISO 4618:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Bibliography .35
Index .36
iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
ISO 4618:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, in collaboration
with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 139, Paints and
varnishes, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna
Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4618:2014), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the title has been changed from “Terms and definitions” to “Vocabulary”;
— the following terms have been added: brush marks, catalyst, clouding, cold checking, conventional
spraying, crater, creeping, dirt-resistant paint, distinctness of image, DOI, drawdown blade, dry
spray, film applicator, flocculate, nanocomposite coating, nanoparticle, particle, pigment-binder
ratio, primary particle, semi-volatile organic compound, semi-volatile organic compound content,
SVOC, SVOC content, SVOCC;
— the following terms have been deleted: after tack, brush-drag, bubbling, cratering, cutting-in,
dilatant flow behaviour, flash point, flocculation, flow properties, graining, marbling, pseudoplastic
flow behaviour, rheopexy, rheopectic behaviour, rust back, shear-thickening flow behaviour, shear-
thinning behaviour, sheen, tack-free, thixotropic behaviour, thixotropy, UV-curing, viscoelasticity,
viscosity, yield point, yield stress, yield value;
— many definitions have been amended;
— the text has been editorially revised and the bibliography and scope have been updated.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4618:2023(E)
Paints and varnishes — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document defines terms used in the field of coating materials (paints, varnishes and raw materials
for paints and varnishes).
Terms relating to specific applications and properties are dealt with in standards concerning those
applications and properties, including corrosion protection (see the ISO 12944 series), coating powders
(see ISO 8130-14), electro-deposition coatings (see ISO 22553-1) and rheology (see ISO 3219-1).
Terms on nanotechnologies are harmonized with the ISO 80004 series.
Terms on pigments and extenders are harmonized with ISO 18451-1.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
abrasion
process of removing matter or deformation of a surface by friction as a result of
rubbing
3.2
abrasion
process of removing matter in the surface as a result of friction or impact
3.3
accelerator
additive (3.6) to increase the speed of chemical reactions
3.4
acid value
mass in milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) required to neutralize 1 g of a sample under specified
test conditions
3.5
acrylic resin
synthetic resin (3.249) resulting from the polymerization or copolymerization of acrylic and/or
methacrylic monomers, frequently together with other monomers
1
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
ISO 4618:2023(E)
3.6
additive
substance, which, when added in small quantities to a coating material (3.48), improves or modifies one
or more properties
Note 1 to entry: A surfactant or surface-active agent is an additive that has the fundamental property of reducing
the interfacial tension between a solid and liquid or a liquid and air.
3.7
adhesion
phenomenon of attachment at the interface between a solid surface and another material caused by
molecular forces
Note 1 to entry: Adhesion should not be confused with cohesion (3.52).
3.8
adhesive strength
force required to detach a coating (3.46) from a substrate (3.245) or another coating
3.9
aerosol
solid or liquid particles in dispersion (3.83) in a gaseous medium
3.10
ageing
change of one or more initial properties of a coating (3.46) during the passage of time
3.11
alkyd resin
synthetic resin (3.249) resulting from the polycondensation of fatty acids (or oils) and carbonic acids
with polyols
3.12
amino resin
synthetic resin (3.249) resulting from the condensation of urea or melamine or derivatives such as
benzo-guanamine with formaldehyde
Note 1 to entry: These resins (3.211) are often etherified with alcohols.
3.13
anti-blocking agent
additive (3.6) that usually rises to the surface during the drying (3.88) process and thus prevents
blocking (3.27)
3.14
anti-foaming agent
additive (3.6) that prevents foaming or reduces the foaming tendency of a coating material (3.48)
Note 1 to entry: See also defoaming agent (3.74).
3.15
anti-fouling paint
coating material (3.48) applied on a structure to prevent the accumulation of fouling or biological
growth
3.16
anti-settling agent
additive (3.6) that prevents or retards the settling (3.229) of pigments (3.193) and/or extenders (3.104)
during storage of a coating material (3.48)
2
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
ISO 4618:2023(E)
3.17
anti-skinning agent
additive (3.6) that prevents or retards skinning (3.236) caused by oxidation during storage
3.18
apparent density
ratio between the mass and the volume of a non-tamped powder
Note 1 to entry: See also bulk density (3.35) and tamped density (3.251).
3.19
appearance
visual characteristics of a surface
Note 1 to entry: Appearance is not a single measure or a general property of a material. It is not characterized
by a single parameter but a combination of colour (3.55), gloss (3.132), distinctness of image (3.85), haze (3.136),
surface structure, texture (3.254), orange peel (3.178), etc.
Note 2 to entry: The word appearance has no special paint related meaning but is included here for clarification
for non-English speakers.
3.20
application rate
quantity of a coating material (3.48) that is required to produce, under defined working conditions, a
dry film (3.111) or coat (3.45) of given thickness on unit area
3.21
barrier coating material
coating material (3.48) used to isolate a coating system (3.51) from the substrate (3.245) to which it is
applied, in order to prevent chemical or physical interaction
Note 1 to entry: A barrier coating material e.g. prevents bleeding (3.25) or migration from an underlying coat
(3.45) or substrate.
Note 2 to entry: The German term “Isoliermittel” which is still currently used should be avoided, in order to
prevent confusion with heat- and sound-deadening materials as well as with electrical insulators.
3.22
binder
non-volatile part of a medium (3.153)
Note 1 to entry: The main purpose of the binder is to build-up a network around the coating components.
3.23
biocide
additive (3.6) added to a coating material (3.48) to prevent organisms responsible for microbiological
degradation from attacking a substrate (3.245), a coating material or a film (3.111) thereof
3.24
blast-cleaning
impingement of a kinetic-energy stream of an abrasive on the surface to be prepared
3.25
bleeding, verb
migration of a coloured substance from a material into another material in contact with it, which can
produce an undesirable staining or discoloration
Note 1 to entry: The substance can be a constituent of the coating (3.46) or of the substrate (3.245) to which the
coating is applied.
3.26
blister
convex deformation in a coating, arising from local detachment of one or more of the constituent coats
3
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
ISO 4618:2023(E)
3.27
blocking
unwanted adhesion (3.7) between two surfaces, at least one of which has been coated, when they are
left in contact under load after a given drying (3.88) period
3.28
blooming
migration of a substance to form a deposit on the coating (3.46) surface
Note 1 to entry: Blooming can occur when the amount of condensate causes soluble compounds to migrate from
the body of the coating to the coating surface.
Note 2 to entry: The substance can be a constituent of the coating or of the substrate (3.245) to which the coating
is applied.
3.29
blushing, noun
optical property of a transparent or translucent film (3.111) that gives a milky appearance (3.19) or tint,
with iridescent reflections reminiscent of opal
Note 1 to entry: Blushing can be caused by the deposition of moisture from the air and/or precipitation of one or
more of the solid constituents of the lacquer.
3.30
brightness
combination of the lightness and colour (3.55) intensity of a material
Note 1 to entry: Lightness is most commonly expressed numerically by the tristimulus value Y.
3.31
brittleness
condition whereby a film (3.111) or coat (3.45) has such poor flexibility (3.122) that it disintegrates
easily into small fragments
3.32
bronzing
intentional change in the colour (3.55) of the surface of an object by coating, giving the appearance
(3.19) of aged bronze
Note 1 to entry: An unintentional colour change is left out in the definition, as it is no longer applicable for actual
pigments (3.193).
3.33
brush marks
ridges remaining in a dry coat (3.45) after brush application
3.34
bubble
closed or open spherical cavity in a coating, often caused by evaporating solvents (3.237)
3.35
bulk density
ratio of mass to volume of a powder when poured gently under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: The value of the bulk density depends to a large extent on the method of measurement used and
the manner in which it is carried out.
Note 2 to entry: See also tamped density (3.251).
3.36
burning off
process in which the coating (3.46) is changed by heat and then removed
4
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
ISO 4618:2023(E)
3.37
catalyst
substance that promotes the chemical curing (3.71) of a coating (3.46)
3.38
chalking
surface change in the form of a loosely adherent powder which appears with degradation of a coating
(3.46)
3.39
checking
form of fine cracks which do not penetrate to the substrate (3.245) distributed over the surface of a dry
film (3.111) or coat (3.45) in a more or less regular pattern
Note 1 to entry: An example of checking is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Checking
3.40
chemical pretreatment
chemical process applied to a surface prior to the application of a coating material (3.48)
Note 1 to entry: See phosphating (3.191).
3.41
chipping
removal, in flakes, of a coating (3.46) or rust or mill scale (3.156) by use of hand or power tools
3.42
chlorinated rubber
polymeric material resulting from the action of chlorine on natural and/or synthetic rubber
3.43
cissing
appearance (3.19) in a coating (3.46) of areas of non-uniform thickness which vary in extent and
distribution
3.44
coalescing agent
additive (3.6) added to a coating material (3.48) based on a polymer dispersion (3.200) to facilitate film
formation (3.112)
5
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
ISO 4618:2023(E)
3.45
coat
continuous layer of a coating material (3.48) resulting from a single application
Note 1 to entry: In some industries the word coat is used interchangeably with film (3.111).
3.46
coating
layer formed from a single or multiple coats (3.45) of one specific coating material (3.48) to a substrate
(3.245)
3.47
coating
process of applying a coat
3.48
coating material
DEPRECATED: coating
product, in liquid, paste or powder form, that, when applied to a substrate (3.245), forms a layer
possessing protective, decorative and/or other specific properties
3.49
coating powder
coating material (3.48) in powder form which, after fusing and possibly curing (3.71), gives a continuous
coat (3.45)
3.50
coating process
application of a coating material (3.48) to a substrate (3.245)
3.51
coating system
layer combined of all coats of the same or multiple coating materials (3.48)
Note 1 to entry: Examples of multiple coating systems are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.
6
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 16 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
ISO 4618:2023(E)
Key
1 substrate
2 coating A
3 coating B
4 coating C
5 coating system
NOTE The coating system in this example consists of coating A + coating B + coating C.
Figure 2 — Example of a coating system consisting of different coating materials
Key
1 substrate
2 coat A
3 coat A
4 coat A
5 coating system A
NOTE The coating system in this example consists of three coats of coating material A.
Figure 3 — Example of a coating system with coats of the same coating material
7
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 17 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
ISO 4618:2023(E)
3.52
cohesion
internal forces that hold molecules together in a film (3.111) or coat (3.45)
Note 1 to entry: Cohesion should not be confused with adhesion (3.7).
3.53
coil coating
coating process (3.50) whereby the coating material (3.48) is applied continuously to a coil of metal
which may be rewound after the film (3.111) has been dried
3.54
cold cracking
cold checking
formation of cracks or checks in a film (3.111) resulting from exposure to low temperatures
3.55
colour
sensation resulting from the visual perception of light of a given spectral composition by the human eye
Note 1 to entry: The use of the German word “Farbe” alone, i.e. not in combinations of words, for coating materials
(3.48) is deprecated.
Note 2 to entry: A colour is characterized by hue, saturation or chroma, and lightness.
3.56
colour retention
degree of permanence of a colour (3.55)
Note 1 to entry: Colour retention can be influenced by weathering.
3.57
colouring material
colourant
substance that confers colour (3.55) to other materials
Note 1 to entry: Colouring materials comprise pigments (3.193) that are insoluble in the application medium as
well as dyestuffs (3.92) that are soluble in the application medium.
3.58
compatibility
ability of two or more materials to be mixed together without causing undesirable
effects
3.59
compatibility
ability of a coating material to be applied to a
substrate without causing undesirable effects
3.60
consistency
body
subjectively assessed flow behaviour of a coating material (3.48) when applying a shear force
3.61
contrast ratio
ratio of the reflectance of a coating material (3.48) applied under specified conditions over a black
surface to the reflectance of the same thickness of this coating material (3.48) applied over a white
surface
8
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 18 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
ISO 4618:2023(E)
3.62
corrosion
physicochemical interaction between a metallic material and its environment that results in changes in
the properties of the metal, and that may lead to significant impairment of the function of the metal, the
environment or the technical system, of which these form a part
Note 1 to entry: This interaction is often of an electrochemical nature.
[SOURCE: ISO 8044:2020, 3.1]
3.63
cracking
rupturing of a dry film (3.111), coat (3.45) or coating system (3.51)
Note 1 to entry: The English term “cracking” is also used for a specific form of cracking illustrated in Figure 4.
Note 2 to entry: Crocodiling (3.69) and crow's foot cracking (3.70) are examples of forms of cracking.
Figure 4 — Cracking
3.64
crater
small depression in a film (3.111) or coat (3.45) that persist after drying (3.88)
Note 1 to entry: Examples of craters are shown in Figure 5. Some pinholes are also shown in Figure 5.
9
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 19 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
ISO 4618:2023(E)
Figure 5 — Craters
Note 2 to entry: Craters can extend into preceding layers of coating (3.46) or to the substrate (3.245).
Note 3 to entry: Craters are caused by local inhomogeneities in the surface tension of the coating, most frequently
due to incompatible contamination substances on the substrate, in the applied coating material (3.48) or in the
form of foreign particles or small oil drops.
Note 4 to entry: A small crater without a raised edge is called a dimple.
3.65
crawling
extreme form of cissing (3.43)
Note 1 to entry: There is no German term for “crawling”.
3.66
crazing
form of cracking (3.63) characterized by wide, deep cracks distributed over the surface of a dry coating
(3.46) in a more or less regular pattern
Note 1 to entry: An example of crazing is shown in Figure 6.
Note 2 to entry: There is no German term for “crazing”.
10
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 20 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
ISO 4618:2023(E)
Figure 6 — Crazing
3.67
creeping
spreading of the wet coating material (3.48) beyond the area to which it was applied
3.68
critical pigment volume concentration
CPVC
value of the pigment volume concentration (3.195) at which the voids between the solid particles which
are nominally touching are just filled with binder (3.22) and above which certain properties of the film
(3.111) are markedly changed
3.69
crocodiling
form of cracking (3.63) characterized by a pattern of cracks resembling a crocodile skin
Note 1 to entry: An example of crocodiling is shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7 — Crocodiling
11
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 21 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
ISO 4618:2023(E)
3.70
crow's foot cracking
form of cracking (3.63) characterized by a pattern of cracks resembling a crow's foot
Note 1 to entry: An example of crow's foot cracking is shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8 — Crow's foot cracking
3.71
curing
hardening
process by which a material changes from its original state into a stable solid coating (3.46)
Note 1 to entry: Curing can be achieved by heat, UV or electron beam radiation or a catalyst (3.37).
3.72
curing agent
substance that takes part in the crosslinking [curing (3.71)] of a coating (3.46), and will be a part of the
final coating matrix
Note 1 to entry: See also hardener (3.134).
3.73
curtain coating
application of a coating material (3.48) by passing the article to be coated horizontally through a
descending sheet of a continuously recirculated coating material
12
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 22 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 4618:2023
ISO 4618:2023(E)
3.74
defoaming agent
additive (3.6) that reduces foam which can form during manufacture and/or application of the coating
material (3.48)
Note 1 to entry: See also anti-foaming agent (3.14).
3.75
degreasing
removal of oil, grease and similar substances from a surface by either an organic solvent (3.237) or a
water-based cleaning agent
3.76
de-nibbing
removal of small particles protruding from the dry surface of a coating (3.46) or of a substrate (3.245)
3.77
de-scaling
removal of mill scale (3.156) or laminated rust from steel or other ferrous substrates (3.245)
3.78
diluent
volatile liquid, single or blended, which, whilst not a solvent (3.237), may be used in conjunction with
the solvent without causing any deleterious effects
Note 1 to entry: See also solvent (3.237) and thinner (3.259).
3.79
dipping
application of a coating material (3.48) by immersing the object to be coated in a bath containing the
coating material (3.48) and then, after withdrawal, allowing it to drain
3.80
dirt pick-up
tendency of a dry film (3.111) or coat (3.45) to attract to the surface appreciable amounts of soiling
material
3.81
dirt-resistant paint
coating material (3.48) that protects against soiling by foreign material deposited on, or embedded in,
the dried coating (3.46)
3.82
dirt retention
tendency of a dry film (3.111) or coat (3.45) to retain on the surface soiling material which cannot be
removed by simple cleaning
3.83
dispersion
heterogeneous mixture of at least two materials, which are insoluble or only sparingly soluble in each
other and not chemically bonded
Note 1 to entry: Dispersion is the generic term for suspension (3.247) and emulsion (3.99).
3.84
dispersing agent
dispersant
additive (3.6) that facilitates the dispersion (3.83) of solids in the medium (3.153) during manufacture
and that increases the stability of the mixture thereafter
13
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 23
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
01-maj-2022
Barve in laki - Slovar (ISO/DIS 4618:2022)
Paints and varnishes - Vocabulary (ISO/DIS 4618:2022)
Beschichtungsstoffe - Begriffe (ISO/DIS 4618:2022)
Peintures et vernis - Vocabulaire (ISO/DIS 4618:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 4618
ICS:
01.040.87 Industrija barv (Slovarji) Paint and colour industries
(Vocabularies)
87.040 Barve in laki Paints and varnishes
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 4618
ISO/TC 35 Secretariat: NEN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2022-03-14 2022-06-06
Paints and varnishes — Vocabulary
ICS: 87.040; 01.040.87
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Annex A (informative) Alphabetical index .34
Bibliography .45
iii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4618:2014), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the title has been changed from “Terms and definitions” to “Vocabulary”;
— the following terms have been added: brush marks, cold checking, creeping, distinctness of image,
DOI, drawdown blade, film applicator, dry spray, sheariness, clouding, holiday, nanocomposite
coating, nanoparticle, primary particle, single particle, pigment binder ratio, semi-volatile organic
compound, SVOC, semi-volatile organic compound content, SVOC content, SVOCC;
— the following terms have been deleted: after tack, blast cleaning, bubbling, chemical pretreatment,
cutting in, electrostatic spraying, flash point, flocculation, flow properties, graining, marbling,
rheopexy, rheopectic behaviour, shear-thickening flow behaviour, dilatant flow behaviour, shear-
thinning flow behaviour, pseudoplastic flow behaviour, sheen, thixotropy, thixotropic behaviour,
viscoelasticity, viscosity, yield point, yield stress, yield value;
— many definitions have been amended;
— the text has been editorially revised and the normative references have been updated.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
Paints and varnishes — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document defines terms used in the field of coating materials (paints, varnishes and raw materials
for paints and varnishes).
Terms relating to specific applications and properties are dealt with in standards concerning
those applications and properties, e.g. corrosion protection (see ISO 12944), coating powders (see
ISO 8130-14), electro-deposition coatings (see ISO 22553-1) and rheology (see ISO 3219-1).
Terms on nanotechnologies are harmonized with ISO/TS 80004-4.
Terms on pigments and extenders are harmonized with ISO 18451-1.
In addition to terms in English and French (two of the three official ISO languages), this document
gives the equivalent terms in German; these are published under the responsibility of the member
body for Germany (DIN). However, only the terms and definitions given in the official languages can be
considered as ISO terms and definitions.
NOTE Those terms that are defined elsewhere in this International Standard are shown in italics.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
abrasion
process of removing matter or deformation of a surface by friction as a result of
rubbing
3.1.2
abrasion
process of removing matter in the surface as a result of friction or impact
3.2
accelerator
additive to increase the speed of chemical reactions
3.3
acid value
mass in milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) required to neutralize 1 g of a sample under specified
test conditions
3.4
acrylic resin
synthetic resin resulting from the polymerization or copolymerization of acrylic and/or methacrylic
monomers, frequently together with other monomers
1
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
3.5
additive
substance, which, when added in small quantities to a coating material, improves or modifies one or
more properties
Note 1 to entry: A surfactant or surface-active agent is an additive that has the fundamental property of reducing
the interfacial tension between a solid and liquid or a liquid and air.
3.6
adhesion
phenomenon of attachment at the interface between a solid surface and another material caused by
molecular forces
Note 1 to entry: Adhesion should not be confused with cohesion.
3.7
adhesive strength
force required to detach a coating from a substrate or another coating
3.8
aerosol
solid or liquid particles in dispersion in a gaseous medium
3.9
ageing
change of one or more initial properties of a coating during the passage of time
3.10
alkyd resin
synthetic resin resulting from the polycondensation of fatty acids (or oils) and carbonic acids with
polyols
3.11
amino resin
synthetic resin resulting from the condensation of urea or melamine or derivatives such as benzo-
guanamine with formaldehyde
Note 1 to entry: These resins are often etherified with alcohols.
3.12
anti-blocking agent
additive that usually rises to the surface during the drying process and thus prevents blocking
3.13
anti-foaming agent
additive that prevents foaming or reduces the foaming tendency of a coating material
Note 1 to entry: See also defoaming agent.
3.14.1
anti-fouling paint
coating material applied on a marine structure to prevent the accumulation of fouling or
biological growth
3.14.2
antifouling paint
coating material applied on buildings to prevent dirt pick-up or biological growth
3.15
anti-settling agent
additive that prevents or retards the settling of pigments and/or extenders during storage of a coating
material
2
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
3.16
anti-skinning agent
additive that prevents or retards skinning caused by oxidation during storage
3.17
apparent density
ratio between the mass and the volume of a non-tamped powder
Note 1 to entry: See also bulk density and tamped density.
3.18
appearance
visual characteristics of a surface
Note 1 to entry: Appearance is not a single measure or a general property of a material. It is not characterized
by a single parameter but a combination of colour, gloss, distinctness of image (DOI), haze, surface structure,
texture, orange peel, etc.
Note 2 to entry: The word appearance has no special paint related meaning but is included here for clarification
for non-English speakers.
3.19
application rate
quantity of a coating material that is required to produce, under defined working conditions, a dry film
or coat of given thickness on unit area
3.20
barrier coating material
coating material used to isolate a coating system from the substrate to which it is applied, in order to
prevent chemical or physical interaction, e.g. to prevent bleeding or migration from an underlying coat
or substrate
Note 1 to entry: The German term “Isoliermittel” which is still currently used should be avoided, in order to
prevent confusion with heat- and sound-deadening materials as well as with electrical insulators.
3.21
binder
non-volatile part of a medium
Note 1 to entry: The main purpose of the binder is to build-up a network around the coating component.
3.22
biocide
additive added to a coating material to prevent organisms responsible for microbiological degradation
from attacking a substrate, a coating material or a film thereof
3.23
blast-cleaning
impingement of a kinetic-energy stream of an abrasive on the surface to be prepared
3.24
bleeding (verb)
migration of a coloured substance from a material into another material in contact with it, which could
produce an undesirable staining or discoloration
Note 1 to entry: The substance could be a constituent of the coating or of the substrate to which the coating is
applied.
3.25
blister
convex deformation in a coating, arising from local detachment of one or more of the constituent coats
3
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
3.26
blocking
unwanted adhesion between two surfaces, at least one of which has been coated, when they are left in
contact under load after a given drying period
3.27
blooming (verb)
migration of a substance to form a deposit on the coating surface
Note 1 to entry: Blooming could occur when the amount of condensate causes soluble compounds to migrate
from the body of the coating to the coating surface.
Note 2 to entry: The substance could be a constituent of the coating or of the substrate to which the coating is
applied.
3.28
blushing (noun)
optical property of a transparent or translucent film that gives a milky appearance or tint, with
iridescent reflections reminiscent of opal, due to the deposition of moisture from the air and/or
precipitation of one or more of the solid constituents of the lacquer
3.29
brightness
combination of the lightness and colour intensity of a material
Note 1 to entry: Brightness is most commonly expressed numerically by the tristimulus value Y.
3.30
brittleness
condition whereby a film or coat has such poor flexibility that it disintegrates easily into small fragments
3.31
bronzing
change in the colour of the surface of a film giving the appearance of aged bronze
3.32
brush marks
ridges remaining in a dry coat after brush application
3.33
bubble
closed or open spherical cavity trapped in a coating, often caused by evaporating solvents
3.34
bulk density
ratio of mass to volume of a powder when poured gently under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: The value of the bulk density depends to a large extent on the method of measurement used and
the manner in which it is carried out.
Note 2 to entry: See also tamped density.
3.35
burning off
process in which the coating is changed by heat and then removed
3.36
chalking
surface change in the form of a loosely adherent powder which appears with degradation of a coating
4
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
3.37
checking
form of fine cracks which do not penetrate to the substrate distributed over the surface of a dry film or
coat in a more or less regular pattern,
Note 1 to entry: An example of checking is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Checking
3.38
chipping
removal, in flakes, of a coating or rust or mill scale by use of hand or power tools
3.39
chlorinated rubber
polymeric material resulting from the action of chlorine on natural and/or synthetic rubber
3.40
cissing
appearance in a coating of areas of non-uniform thickness which vary in extent and distribution
3.41
coalescing agent
additive added to a coating material based on a polymer dispersion to facilitate film formation
3.42
coat
continuous layer of a coating material resulting from a single application
Note 1 to entry: In some industries the word “coat” is used interchangeably with “film”.
3.43.1
coating (noun)
layer formed from a single or multiple coats of one specific coating material to a substrate
3.43.2
coating (verb)
process of applying a coat
Note 1 to entry: The use of the term “coating” for “coating material” is deprecated.
5
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
3.44
coating material
product, in liquid, paste or powder form, that, when applied to a substrate, forms a layer possessing
protective, decorative and/or other specific properties
3.45
coating powder
coating material in powder form which, after fusing and possibly curing, gives a continuous coat
3.46
coating process
application of a coating material to a substrate
3.47
coating system
layer combined of all coats of the same or multiple coating materials
Note 1 to entry: Examples of a multiple coating systems are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.
Key
1 coat A
2 coating B
3 coating C
4 substrate
5 coating system
Figure 2 — Example of a coating system consisting coat A + coat B + coat C
6
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
Key
1 coat A
2 coat A
3 coat A
4 substrate
5 coating A
Figure 3 — Example of a coating system of coats of the same coating material, being coating A
consisting 3 coats of coating material A
3.48
cohesion
internal forces that hold molecules together in a film or coat
Note 1 to entry: Cohesion should not be confused with adhesion.
3.49
coil coating
coating process whereby the coating material is applied continuously to a coil of metal which may be
rewound after the film has been dried
3.50
cold cracking
cold checking
formation of cracks or checks in a film resulting from exposure to low temperatures
3.51
colour
sensation resulting from the visual perception of light of a given spectral composition by the human eye
Note 1 to entry: The use of the German word “Farbe” alone, i.e. not in combinations of words, for coating materials
is deprecated.
Note 2 to entry: A colour is characterized by hue, saturation or chroma, and lightness.
3.52
colour retention
degree of permanence of a colour
Note 1 to entry: Colour retention can be influenced by weathering.
3.53
colouring material
any substance that confers colour to other materials
Note 1 to entry: Colouring materials comprise pigments that are insoluble in the application medium as well as
dyestuffs that are soluble in the application medium.
7
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
3.54.1
compatibility
ability of two or more materials to be mixed together without causing undesirable
effects
3.54.2
compatibility
ability of a coating material to be applied to a substrate
without causing undesirable effects
3.55
consistency
body
subjectively assessed flow behaviour of a coating material when applying a shear force
3.56
contrast ratio
ratio of the reflectance of a coating material applied under specified conditions over a black surface to
the reflectance of the same thickness of this coating material applied over a white surface
3.57
corrosion
physicochemical interaction between a metal and its environment which results in changes in the
properties of the metal and which may often lead to impairment of the function of the metal, the
environment or the technical system of which these form a part
Note 1 to entry: This interaction is often of an electrochemically nature.
[SOURCE: ISO 8044:2020, 3.1]
3.58
cracking
rupturing of a dry film, coat or coating system
Note 1 to entry: The English term “cracking” is also used for a specific form of cracking illustrated in Figure 4.
Note 2 to entry: Crocodiling and crow's foot cracking are examples of forms of cracking.
Figure 4 — Cracking
8
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
3.59
crater
small depressions in a film or coat that persist after drying
Note 1 to entry: Examples of craters are shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.
Figure 5 — Crater — Top view
Figure 6 — Crater 2 — Cross-section
Note 2 to entry: Craters can extend into preceding layers of coating or to the substrate.
9
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
Note 3 to entry: Cratering is caused by localized inhomogeneities of the surface tension of the coating.
Contamination of the substrate or coating with incompatible substances such as small oil drops or particulate
material are the most frequent causes.
Craters are caused by local inhomogeneities in the surface tension of the coating, most frequently due
to incompatible contamination substances on the substrate, in the applied coating material or in the
form of foreign particles or small oil drops.
Note 4 to entry: A small crater without a raised edge is called a dimple.
3.60
crawling
extreme form of cissing
Note 1 to entry: There is no German term for “crawling”.
3.61
crazing
form of cracking characterized by wide, deep cracks distributed over the surface of a dry coating in a
more or less regular pattern
Note 1 to entry: An example of crazing is shown in Figure 7.
Note 2 to entry: There is no French and German term for “crazing”.
Figure 7 — Crazing
3.62
creeping
spreading of the wet coating material beyond the area to which it was applied.
3.63
critical pigment volume concentration
CPVC
value of the pigment volume concentration at which the voids between the solid particles which are
nominally touching are just filled with binder and above which certain properties of the film are
markedly changed
10
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 16 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
3.64
crocodiling
form of cracking characterized by a pattern of cracks resembling a crocodile skin
Note 1 to entry: An example of crocodiling is shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8 — Crocodiling
3.65
crow's foot cracking
form of cracking characterized by a pattern of cracks resembling a crow's foot
Note 1 to entry: An example of crow's foot cracking is shown in Figure 9.
11
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 17 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
Figure 9 — Crow's foot cracking
3.66
curing
hardening
process by which a material changes from its original state into a stable solid coating
Note 1 to entry: Curing can be achieved by heat, UV or electron beam radiation or a catalyst.
3.67
curing agent
additive that promotes the chemical curing of a coating
3.68
curtain coating
application of a coating material by passing the article to be coated horizontally through a descending
sheet of a continuously recirculated coating material
3.69
defoaming agent
additive that reduces foam which can form during manufacture and/or application of the coating
material
Note 1 to entry: See also anti-foaming agent.
12
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 18 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
3.70
degreasing
removal of oil, grease and similar substances from a surface by either an organic solvent or a water-
based cleaning agent
3.71
de-nibbing
removal of small particles protruding from the dry surface of a coating or of a substrate
3.72
de-scaling
removal of mill scale or laminated rust from steel or other ferrous substrates
3.73
diluent
volatile liquid, single or blended, which, whilst not a solvent, may be used in conjunction with the solvent
without causing any deleterious effects
Note 1 to entry: See also solvent and thinner.
3.74
dipping
application of a coating material by immersing the object to be coated in a bath containing the coating
material and then, after withdrawal, allowing it to drain
3.75
dirt pick-up
tendency of a dry film or coat to attract to the surface appreciable amounts of soiling material
3.76
dirt retention
tendency of a dry film or coat to retain on the surface soiling material which cannot be removed by
simple cleaning
3.77
dispersion
heterogeneous mixture of at least two materials, which are insoluble or only sparingly soluble in each
other and not chemically bonded
Note 1 to entry: Dispersion is the generic term for suspension and emulsion.
3.78
dispersing agent
dispersant
additive that facilitates the dispersion of solids in the medium during manufacture and that increases
the stability of the mixture thereafter
3.79
distinctness of image
DOI
image quality of a reflection without distortion as observed with normal corrected vision
3.80
drawdown blade
film applicator
device used for applying a coat of uniform thickness on a substrate
Note 1 to entry: examples are doctor blade, wire bar, spiral coater
13
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 19 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
3.81
drier
compound, usually a metal soap, that is added to products drying by oxidation in order to accelerate
this process
3.82
drying
all the processes through which an applied coating material passes in going from the liquid to the solid
state
Note 1 to entry: “Oxidative drying” is used frequently, instead of the more correct term “oxidative hardening”.
Note 2 to entry: See also curing.
3.83
drying oil
oil based on unsaturated fatty acids, yielding a film by oxidation
3.84
dry spray
irregular, non-continuous layer, formed during spray application
Note 1 to entry: The non-continuity could be caused by properties such as viscosity and spray position.
3.85
durability
ability of a coating to resist the damaging effects of the environment to which it is exposed
3.86
dyestuff
colourant, soluble in the application medium
[SOURCE: ISO 18451-1:2019, 3.30 modified: Notes 1 to 3 to entry have been deleted]
3.87
effect pigment
pigment, usually plate-like in form, that, confers not only colour but additional properties such as
iridescence (interference at thin layers), angle dependency of colour (colour travel, colour flop, light-
dark flop), or texture
3.88
efflorescence
phenomenon that occurs when water-soluble salts in a dry coating or from the substrate migrate to the
surface and form a crystalline deposit
3.89.1
elasticity
ability of a dry film to return to its original form after the removal of stress applied in any
lateral direction
Note 1 to entry: See also flexibility.
3.89.2
elasticity
property of a material to show a reversible recovery after deformation
3.90
electrodeposition
process whereby a film of a water-based coating material is deposited, under the influence of electric
current, on an object that forms either the anode or cathode, depending on the nature of the coating
material
14
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 20 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 4618:2022
ISO/DIS 4618:2022(E)
3.91
electron beam curing
process for the rapid curing of specially formulated coating materials by means of a concentrated
stream of electrons
3.92
emulsion
finely dispersed mixture of at least two liquids which are insoluble, or only sparingly soluble, in each
other
3.93
epoxy ester
synthetic resin resulting from the reaction between an epoxy resin and fatty acids and/or oils
3.94
epoxy resin
synthetic resin containing epoxy groups, generally prepared from epichlorohydrin and a bisphenol
3.95
etch primer
primer, often supplied as two reactive components mixed immediately prior to application, designed to
react with a metal surface to improve the adhesion of subsequent coats
3.96
etching
cleaning, roughening or removal of a natural oxide layer from a surface using a chemical agent prior to
painting in order to increase adhesion
3.97
extender
material in granular or powder form, practically insoluble to somewhat soluble in the application
medium and used to modify or influence certain physical properties
Note 1 to entry: Whether a given substance is to be considered as pigment (3.97) or extender depends on its
application.
Note 2 to entry: In some industries, such as rubber industries, “extender” is also called “filler” (see ISO 1382).
In coatings industries, the term “extender” is preferred, because in ISO 4618, “filler” is defined as “coating
materialvwith a high proportion of extender, intended primarily to even out irregularities in substrates to be
painted and to improve surface appearance”.
[SOURCE: ISO 18451-1:2019, 3.34 modified: The original Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.98
exudation
sweating
migration of liquid components of a coating material to the surface of a film
3.99
fading
loss of colour of a film of a coating material
3.100
feather edging
reducing the thickness of the edge of an area of coating prior to recoating in order to avoid a ridge
appearing in the merged layers
3.101
feeding
change in the consistency of a coating material during storage, to such an exte
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.