SIST EN 15153-1:2020
(Main)Railway applications - External visible and audible warning devices - Part 1: Head, marker and tail lamps for heavy rail
Railway applications - External visible and audible warning devices - Part 1: Head, marker and tail lamps for heavy rail
This European Standard defines the functional and technical requirements for head, marker and tail lamps for high speed trains and conventional trains, excluding road, metro and self-contained systems.
This European Standard also defines the requirements for testing and conformity assessment.
Portable lamps are excluded from the scope of this European Standard.
Bahnanwendungen - Äußere optische und akustische Warneinrichtungen - Teil 1: Leuchten für Fernlichter, Spitzen- und Schlusssignale für Vollbahnen
Diese Europäische Norm legt die funktionellen und technischen Anforderungen an Frontscheinwerfer, Spitzensignale und Zugschlusssignale von Hochgeschwindigkeits- und konventionellen Eisenbahnfahrzeu-gen fest und schließt Straßenbahnen, U-Bahnen und netzunabhängige Systeme aus.
Diese Europäische Norm legt auch die Anforderungen für die Prüfung und Konformitätsbewertung fest.
Tragbare Leuchten sind vom Anwendungsbereich dieser Europäischen Norm ausgeschlossen.
Applications ferroviaires - Dispositifs externes d'avertissement optiques et acoustiques - Partie 1 : Feux avant, feux de position et feux arrière pour systèmes ferroviaires lourds
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences fonctionnelles et techniques applicables aux signaux de face avant, signaux d’extrémité avant et signaux de face arrière pour les trains à grande vitesse et les trains conventionnels, mais à l’exclusion de l’urbain, du métro et des systèmes autonomes.
La présente Norme européenne définit également les exigences relatives aux essais et à l'évaluation de la conformité.
Les lampes portatives sont exclues du domaine d’application de la présente Norme européenne.
Železniške naprave - Zunanje vidne in zvočne opozorilne naprave - 1. del: Čelne, označevalne in sklepne luči za železniška vozila za višje osne pritiske
Ta evropski standard opredeljuje funkcionalne in tehnične zahteve za čelne, označevalne in sklepne luči za vlake visoke hitrosti in konvencionalne vlake, pri čemer so izključeni cestni, podzemni železniški in samostojni sistemi. Ta evropski standard opredeljuje tudi zahteve za preskušanje in oceno skladnosti. Področje uporabe tega evropskega standarda ne zajema prenosnih luči.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 15153-1:2020
01-marec-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 15153-1:2013+A1:2016
Železniške naprave - Zunanje vidne in zvočne opozorilne naprave - 1. del: Čelne,
označevalne in sklepne luči za železniška vozila za višje osne pritiske
Railway applications - External visible and audible warning devices - Part 1: Head,
marker and tail lamps for heavy rail
Bahnanwendungen - Äußere optische und akustische Warneinrichtungen - Teil 1:
Leuchten für Fernlichter, Spitzen- und Schlusssignale für Vollbahnen
Applications ferroviaires - Dispositifs externes d'avertissement optiques et acoustiques -
Partie 1 : Feux avant, feux de position et feux arrière pour systèmes ferroviaires lourds
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 15153-1:2020
ICS:
45.060.10 Vlečna vozila Tractive stock
SIST EN 15153-1:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 15153-1:2020
EN 15153-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
January 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 45.060.10 Supersedes EN 15153-1:2013+A1:2016
English Version
Railway applications - External visible and audible
warning devices - Part 1: Head, marker and tail lamps for
heavy rail
Applications ferroviaires - Dispositifs externes Bahnanwendungen - Äußere optische und akustische
d'avertissement optiques et acoustiques - Partie 1 : Warneinrichtungen - Teil 1: Leuchten für Fernlichter,
Feux avant, feux de position et feux arrière pour Spitzen- und Schlusssignale für Vollbahnen
systèmes ferroviaires lourds
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 October 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 15153-1:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN 15153-1:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 6
5 Requirements . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Provision of lamps . 7
5.3 Head lamps . 7
5.4 Marker lamps. 10
5.5 Tail lamps . 13
5.6 Control of lamps . 14
5.7 Operational check . 15
6 Test requirements . 15
6.1 General . 15
6.2 General test requirements . 15
6.3 Specific requirements for the colorimetric tests . 17
6.4 Specific requirements for the photometric tests . 17
Annex A (normative) Contractual statements - Information and requirements to be agreed
and documented . 19
Annex B (informative) Summary of testing requirements . 20
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2016/797/EC aimed to be covered . 21
Bibliography . 24
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European foreword
This document (EN 15153-1:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2020, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by July 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 15153-1:2013+A1:2016.
The main changes with respect to the previous edition are:
— clarification of scope,
— revised alignment of head lamps according to the ‘alternative method’,
— clarification of the criteria for assessing the lit area of lamps,
— new Annex A, containing a summary of items for agreement between contractors, and
— re-working of the summary of testing requirements (now Annex B) to permit inspection of
drawings / design documents, and to mandate the testing of interoperability constituents.
This series of documents Railway applications — External visible and audible warning devices consists of
the following parts:
— Part 1: Head, marker and tail lamps for heavy rail (this document);
— Part 2: Warning horns for heavy rail;
— Part 3: Visible warning devices for urban rail;
— Part 4: Audible warning devices for urban rail.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2016/797/EC.
For relationship with EU Directive 2016/797/EC, see informative Annex ZA which is an integral part of
this document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
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Introduction
This document was produced following the creation of EN 15153-3 for urban rail.
This document was re-named to make a clear distinction between heavy rail and urban rail.
Additionally, Annex ZA was updated for the current status of TSIs.
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1 Scope
This document defines the functional and technical requirements for head, marker and tail lamps for
heavy rail units, excluding road, metro and self-contained systems.
This document also defines the requirements for testing and conformity assessment.
Lamps designed for special purposes, for example illumination of third rail, are excluded from the scope
of this document.
Portable lamps are excluded from the scope of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 16186-2:2017, Railway applications - Driver's cab – Part 2: Integration of displays, controls and
indicators
EN ISO/CIE 11664-1:2019, Colorimetry — Part 1: CIE standard colorimetric observers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
1
NOTE For general railway terms and definitions, refer to EN 17343 .
3.1
heavy rail systems
1
see EN 17343
3.2
head lamp
device fitted to the front of the train that emits white light, intended to provide visual warning of an
approaching train, and/or to illuminate the line and lineside
3.3
marker lamp
device fitted to the front of the train that emits white light, intended to indicate the presence of a train,
to provide visual warning of an approaching train and/or to illuminate retro-reflective lineside signs
Note 1 to entry: The front end signal light (detectability) as set out in TSI OPE comprises three marker lamps.
1
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: prEN 17343.
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3.4
tail lamp
device fitted to the rear of the train that emits red light, intended to indicate the presence of a train, and
to indicate the end of the complete train formation
Note 1 to entry: The rear end signal light as set out in TSI OPE comprises two tail lamps.
3.5
combined lamp
device capable of different functions, for example head, marker and tail lamp, or any combination of
these
3.6
light source
system for generating light in a lamp
3.7
CIE (1931) standard colorimetric system (x, y, z)
system for specifying colour by determining the tristimulus values of the spectral power distribution of
a coloured light using the set of reference colour stimuli [X], [Y], [Z] and the three CIE colour matching
functions x(λ), y(λ), z(λ), adopted by the CIE in 1931
Note 1 to entry For more information see CIE 15.
3.8
optical axis of lamp
axis defined by the manufacturer against which the luminous intensity requirements are assessed
3.9
centre-line of rails
line parallel and equidistant to the rails
Note 1 to entry: This definition was derived from EN 13232-1:2003, with modifications.
3.10
lit area
active optical area of a lamp projected onto a plane perpendicular to the optical axis
3.11
contractor
organizations responsible for
— the design, manufacture or supply of the lamp (may also be referred to as the ‘supplier’); and
— the purchase, installation or use of the lamp (may also be referred to as the ‘customer’).
4 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply.
cd Candela, the SI unit for luminous intensity
CIE International Commission on Illumination
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RST Rolling Stock
TSI Technical Specification for Interoperability relating to the rolling stock
subsystem of the trans-european rail system network
5 Requirements
5.1 General
The provision of lamps is specified in 5.2.
The technical requirements for head, marker and tail lamps are set out in 5.3, 5.4 and 5.5 (respectively).
The testing requirements are set out in Clause 6 and Annex B.
It should be noted that certain lighting technology degrades throughout its service life. It is important to
ensure that the requirements in this document are maintained.
5.2 Provision of lamps
A minimum of two white head lamps shall be installed at the front of the train.
Additionally, where agreed between contractors, a maximum of two upper head lamps may be installed.
Three white marker lamps shall be installed at the front of the train.
Two red tail lamps shall be installed at the rear of the train.
Where agreed between contractors, additional tail lamp(s) and marker lamp(s) with special warning or
signalling functions may be installed, provided that they comply with the prescribed optical
requirements and that they do not adversely affect the parameters given in this document.
Combined lamps (i.e. lamps capable of different functions) are permissible, provided that the
requirements for individual lamp functions are achieved.
All lamps at intermediate locations of the train shall be unlit.
5.3 Head lamps
5.3.1 Positioning of head lamps
The two head lamps shall both be located at the same height, with their geometric centres between
1 500 mm and 2 000 mm above the top of rail.
NOTE Where upper head lamps are fitted, this requirement applies only to the lower head lamps.
The arrangement of the two head lamps shall be such that the distance between their geometric centres
is not less than 1 000 mm and that the head lamp geometric centres are symmetrical about the centre-
line of rails.
Where upper head lamps are installed, these shall be located as close to the vehicle centre line as
possible.
The vertical separation between the geometric centres of all upper lamp(s) and all lower lamps shall be
equal to or greater than 600 mm.
5.3.2 Dimensions of head lamps
2 2
Each head lamp shall have a maximum lit area of 33 400 mm , and a minimum lit area of 17 650 mm .
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In the case of non-circular head lamps, the minimum dimension of the lit area shall be 110 mm. This
requirement shall be demonstrated by analysis or testing with a circular area with a diameter of
110 mm which fits within the lit area.
NOTE The intention of the minimum dimension is to prohibit extremely narrow (non-circular) shapes of
head lamps and to permit irregular shapes provided that they display a proper representation of the lamp at a
representative distance, e.g. 50 m.
The whole of the head lamp area shall appear to be lit when arranged in the installed condition and
viewed from a distance of 50m along the optical axis.
5.3.3 Colour of head lamps
The colour of light emitted by head lamps, when measured in accordance with 6.3, shall lie within the
colour space defined by the intersection points as given in Table 1, and illustrated in Figure 1.
Table 1 — Chromaticity coordinates of the intersection points of the colour specification for
head lamps
Colour of CIE (1931) chromaticity coordinates of the intersection points
head
lamp
Point I* J J’ K’ K L*
x 0,310 0,440 0,500 0,500 0,440 0,310
White
y 0,348 0,432 0,440 0,382 0,382 0,283
NOTE This specification is based on CIE S 004 White Class B with a restricted blue limit. The chromaticity
coordinates indicated with * define the restricted blue limit.
Figure 1 — Chromaticity diagram to illustrate the colour specification for head lamps according
to Table 1
Where agreed between contractors, the spectral radiation distribution requirements of 5.4.3.2 shall
apply to head lamps.
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5.3.4 Luminous intensity of head lamps
The luminous intensities of individual head lamps shall be as shown in Table 2.
Table 2 — Luminous intensities of head lamps
Dimmed head lamp, and
Head lamp function upper head lamp where Full-beam head lamp
provided
Luminous intensity (cd)
measured along the optical axis 12 000 to 16 000 40 000 to 70 000
of the head lamp
Luminous intensity (cd) within
5° on either side of the optical > 3 000 > 10 000
axis in the horizontal plane
By agreement between contractors, for vehicles outside the scope of the TSI LOC&PAS, it is permissible
to provide only one head lamp function (dimmed or full-beam).
NOTE The use of either dimmed or full beam will be dependent on Operational Rules in each Member State.
Secondary intensity maxima are permitted within ± 5° of the optical axis in the horizontal plane,
provided that:
a) the maximum specified on-axis intensity is not exceeded,
and
b) the difference between the intensities of any adjacent secondary maximum and minimum is no
greater than 10 % of the luminous intensity measured along the optical axis of the head lamp.
Concerning the control of glare, three options are permissible:
Option (1): the maximum luminous intensities for each angle above the optical axis in the horizontal
plane parallel to the centre-line of rails, in the installed condition following any necessary adjustment as
defined in 5.3.5, shall be as shown in Table 3.
Table 3 — Luminous intensities along set angles for full-beam and dimmed head lamps
Angle above the horizontal axis of head lamp in Maximum luminous intensity of head lamp at
the vertical plane specified angle
° cd
0,25 58 400
0,50 14 600
1,00 3 650
1,50 1 620
2,00 912
Option (2): In the case of head lamps designed to Table 2 but not Table 3 the control of glare may be
achieved by the adjustment of the downwards vertical alignment of the head lamps when installed on
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the vehicle, such that the vertical illuminance from each head lamp at the top of rail at a distance of
100 m is less than 0,5 lx. In this case, the requirements of Table 3 may not apply.
Option (3): In the case where the driver is permitted or mandated to switch between different head
lamp functions, the control of glare for head lamps designed to Table 2 but not Table 3 may be achieved
by the adjustment of the downwards vertical alignment of the head lamps when installed on the vehicle,
such that the optical axis of the head lamp is aligned with a point on the top of rail at a distance of
100 m. In this case, the requirements of Table 3 may not apply.
Where upper head lamps are installed, the characteristics of these head lamps may deviate from the
requirements of this document.
5.3.5 Alignment of head lamps
Head lamps shall be provided with a means of alignment adjustment. In the case of head lamps for
which glare is controlled by Table 3, the angle between the optical axis of the head lamp in its installed
condition and the centre-line of rails shall be 0° in the horizontal and vertical planes. In the case of head
lamps for which glare is controlled by option (2) or option (3) in 5.3.4, the downwards vertical
alignment angle shall be defined for a given head lamp design.
5.4 Marker lamps
5.4.1 Positioning of marker lamps
The two lower marker lamps shall be located at the same height above the top of rail.
The centres of the two lower marker lamps shall be between 1 500 mm and 2 000 mm above the top of
rail.
The distance between the centres of the two lower marker lamps shall not be less than 1 000 mm and
they shall be arranged symmetrically about the centre line of the vehicle.
The upper marker lamp shall be located centrally and above the lower marker lamps. The vertical
separation between the geometric centres of the upper marker lamp and the lower marker lamps shall
be equal to or greater than 600 mm.
5.4.2 Dimensions of marker lamps
2 2
Each marker lamp shall have a maximum lit area of 22 700 mm , and a minimum lit area of 9 500 mm .
In the case of non-circular marker lamps, the minimum dimension of the lit area shall be 110 mm. This
requirement shall be demonstrated by analysis or testing with a circle with a diameter of 110 mm
which fits within the lit area.
NOTE 1 The intention of the minimum dimension is to prohibit extremely narrow (non-circular) shapes of
marker lamps and to permit irregular shapes provided that they display a proper representation of the lamp at a
representative distance, e.g. 50 m.
For circular concentric combined lamps the minimum dimension requirement shall apply to the outer
diameter only.
NOTE 2 An example is a circular combined lamp with a central head lamp ‘core’ and an annular marker lamp.
5.4.3 Colour of marker lamps
5.4.3.1 General
The colour of light emitted by marker lamps, measured in accordance with 6.3, shall lie within the
colour space defined by the intersection points as given in Table 4, and illustrated in Figure 2.
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Table 4 — Chromaticity coordinates of the intersection points of the colour specification for
marker lamps
Colour of
marker CIE (1931) chromaticity coordinates of the intersection points
lamp
Point I* J J’ K’ K L*
x 0,310 0,440 0,500 0,500 0,440 0,310
White
y 0,348 0,432 0,440 0,382 0,382 0,283
NOTE This specification is based on CIE S 004 White Class B with a restricted blue limit. The chromaticity
coordinates indicated with * define the restricted blue limit.
Figure 2 — Chromaticity diagram to illustrate the colour specification for marker lamps
according to Table 4
5.4.3.2 Spectral radiation distribution of light
The spectral radiation distribution of the light from the marker lamp shall meet the k requirements
colour
as set out in Table 5.
NOTE The spectral radiation distribution of the light used is substantially responsible for the correct
recognition of colours and hence the correct reading and interpretation of coloured signs, warning clothing and
other objects. In order to demonstrate compliance with this requirement, a ratio k is defined between the
colour
entire visible light range and the individual spectral colour ranges to be considered.
The ratio k shall be determined according to the formula below:
colour
Sλ × V λλ×d
( ) ( )
∫
λ
colour
k=
colour
Sλ × V λλ×d
( ) ( )
∫
λ
total
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Where:
S(λ) is the spectral power distribution (by spectral measurement) as the spectral radiance in
−1 −2 −1 −2 −1
W·sr ·m ·nm or as the spectral distribution of the irradiance in W·m ·nm ;
V(λ) is the relative spectral luminosity (relative luminous efficiency of a monochromatic
radiation of wavelength λ);
λ is the wavelength range of the entire colour range to be considered (see Table 5);
colour
λ is the wavelength range of the entire visible colour range from 380 nm to 780 nm.
total
Table 5 — Colour ratios
λ k
colour colour
nm
k 610 to 780 ≥ 0,14
red
k 560 to 660 ≥ 0,50
orange
k 505 to 780 ≥ 0,90
yellow
k 380 to 505 ≤ 0,10
blue
5.4.4 Luminous intensity of marker lamps
The luminous intensities of individual marker lamps shall be as shown in Table 6. The dimmed marker
lamp requirements set out in Table 6 shall apply if the operating authorities permit operation in specific
circumstances at a reduced intensity.
Table 6 — Luminous intensities for marker lamps
Full lower Full upper Dimmed lower Dimmed
Marker lamp function marker lamp marker lamp marker lamp upper marker
lamp
Luminous intensity (cd) 300 to 700 150 to 350 100 to 300 50 to 150
along the optical axis
Luminous intensity (cd) at No requirement 30 to 350 No requirement 10 to 150
10° on both sides of the
optical axis in the horizontal
plane
Luminous intensity (cd) at 15 to 40 No requirement 3 to 40 No requirement
45° on both sides of the
optical axis in the horizontal
plane
Secondary intensity maxima are permitted within ± 5° of the optical axis in the horizontal plane,
provided that:
a) the maximum specified on-axis intensity is not exceeded,
and
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b) the difference between the intensities of any adjacent secondary maximum and minimum is no
greater than 20 % of the luminous intensity measured along the optical axis of the marker lamp.
5.4.5 Alignment of marker lamps
The angle between the optical axis of the marker lamp in its installed condition and the centre line of
rail shall be (0 ± 1) °in the horizontal plane and (0 ± 1) °in the vertical plane.
5.5 Tail lamps
5.5.1 Positioning of tail lamps
The two tail lamps shall be located at the same height above the top of rail.
The centres of the tail lamps shall be between 1 500 mm and 2 200 mm above the top of rail.
The distance between the centres of the tail lamps shall not be less than 1 000 mm and they shall be
arranged symmetrically about the centre line of the vehicle.
5.5.2 Dimensions of tail lamps
2 2
Each tail lamp shall have a maximum lit area of 22 700 mm , and a minimum lit area of 9 500 mm .
In the case of non-circular tail lamps, the minimum dimension of the lit area shall be 110 mm. This
requirement shall be demonstrated by analysis or testing with a circle with a diameter of 110 mm
which fits within the lit area.
NOTE 1 The intention of the minimum dimension is to prohibit extremely narrow (non-circular) shapes of tail
lamps and to permit irregular shapes provided that they display a proper representation of the lamp at a
representative distance, e.g. 50 m.
For circular concentric combined lamps the minimum dimension requirement shall apply to the outer
diameter only.
NOTE 2 An example is a circular combined lamp with a central head lamp ‘core’ and an annular tail/marker
lamp.
5.5.3 Colour of tail lamps
The colour of light emitted by tail lamps, measured in accordance with Clause 6, shall lie within the
colour space defined by the intersection points as given in Table 7, and illustrated in Figure 3.
Table 7 — Chromaticity coordinates of the intersection points of the colour specification for tail
lamps
Colour of CIE (1931) chromaticity coordinates of the intersection points
tail lamp
Point A* B* D C
Red x 0,675 0,695 0,721 0,735
y 0,305 0,305 0,259 0,265
NOTE This specification is based on CIE S 004 Red Class A with a restricted yellow limit. The
chromaticity coordinates indicated with * define the restricted yellow limit.
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Figure 3 — Chromaticity diagram to illustrate the colour specification for tail lamps
according to Table 7
5.5.4 Luminous intensity of tail lamps
The luminous intensities of individual tail lamps shall be as shown in Table 8.
Table 8 — Luminous intensities for tail lamps
Tail lamp function Tail lamp intensity
Luminous intensity (cd) along the optical axis 15 to 100
Luminous intensity (cd) at ± 7,5° to the optical axis in the horizontal plane 7,5 to 100
Luminous intensity (cd) at ± 2,5° to the optical axis in the vertical plane 7,5 to 100
Secondary intensity maxima are permitted within ± 5° of the optical axis in the horizontal plane,
provided that:
a) the maximum specified on-axis intensity is not exceeded,
and
b) the difference between the intensities of any adjacent secondary maximum and minimum is no
greater than 20 % of the luminous intensity measured along the optical axis of the tail lamp.
5.5.5 Alignment of tail lamps
The angle between the optical axis of the
...
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