ISO/TC 26 - Copper and copper alloys

Specifies three procedures for estimating, and rules for expressing, the average grain size of copper and copper alloys consisting principally of a single phase. The comparison procedure (comparing the specimen with a standard chart) is most convenient and is sufficiently accurate for most commercial purposes. In cases of dispute the use of the Heyn or Jeffries procedures (intercept procedure and planimetric procedure, respectively) having higher degrees of accuracy is recommended.

The methods are applicable to the given materials in the form of wrought products (plate, sheet, strip, rod, bar, tube, profile, forgings, etc.) and castings (sand castings, chill castings, die castings, continuous castings, centrifugal castings).The methods are intended to determine compliance with the requirements for chemical composition. Together with ISO 1811-1 and 1811-3 this part of ISO 1811 cancels and replaces ISO Recommendation R 1811:1971, of which it constitutes a technical revision.

The methods are applicable to the given materials in the form of cast unwrought products (refinery shapes) such as cakes, billets, wire bars and ingots. The methods are intended to determine compliance with the requirements for chemical composition. Together with ISO 1811-2 and 1811-3 this first part of ISO 1811 cancels and replaces ISO Recommendation R 1811:1971, of which it constitutes a technical revision.

Specifies a test, using an ammoniacal atmosphere, for the detection of applied or residual stresses which can cause failure of the material in service or storage through stress corrosion cracking. The severity of the method can be regulated by changing the pH value. In an informative annex, recommendations are given for the choice of pH-values.

The method is applicable to the determination of chromium contents between 0.003 and 2.0 % (m/m). ISO 4744 specifies principle, reagents, apparatus, sampling, procedure, expression of results and test report. An International Standard dealing with the sampling of copper and copper alloys is in preparation.

The method is applicable to the determination of phosphorus contents between 0.000 5 and 0.5 % (m/m). ISO 4741 specifies principle, reagents, apparatus, procedure, expression of results and test report.

The method is used for the determination of the total chromium content of copper-chromium alloys listed in International Standards. It is applicable to products having chromium contents between 0,10 and 2,0 % (m/m). Specifies principle, reagents, apparatus, procedure, expression of results and test report.

The method is applicable to products of cadmium-containing copper alloys listed in International Standards having cadmium contents between 0,0005 and 2,0 % (m/m). Specifies principle, reagents, apparatus, sampling, procedure, expression of results and test report.

The method is applicable to contents of iron in all types of copper alloys listed in International Standards. ISO 4748 specifies principle, reagents, apparatus, procedure, expression of results and test report.

The method is applicable to contents of sulfur greater than 0,010 % (m/m) in all types of copper and copper alloys listed in International Standards. Specifies principle, reagents, apparatus, procedure, expression of results and test report. Figure 1 demonstrates the apparatus for the determiantion of sulfur by combustion, figures 2 and 3 illustrate some details.

The method is applicable to antimony contents between 0.001 and 0.1 % (m/m) in all types of copper and copper alloys listed in International Standards. The range of application may be extended by appropriate modification of the mass of the test portion, the extraction volume and the cell path length. Specific proposals to cover lower and higher concentrations are in preparation. ISO 5956 specifies principle, reagents, apparatus, procedure, expression of results and test report.

The method is applicable to bismuth contents between 0,00005 and 0,02 % (m/m) in all types of copper and copper alloys listed in International Standards. Specifies principle, reagents, apparatus, procedure, expression of results and test report.

The method is applicable to contents of lead as an alloying element or an impurity between 0.01 and 5.0 % (m/m). By appropriate modification of sample mass, the lower limit may be extended to 0.002 % (m/m). ISO 4749 specifies principle, reagents, apparatus, sampling, procedure, expression of results and test report.

The method is applicable to the determination of nickel contents between 2 and 50 % (m/m). ISO 4742 specifies principle, reagents, apparatus, procedure, expression of results and test report. Normal precautions regarding the use of perchloride acid in laboratory work should be observed.

This part of ISO 197 defines terms relating to wrought products (rod/bar, wire, drawing stock, tube, profile, sheet, strip, foil, forging stock, forging, blank, circle and slug), produced by hot and/or cold plastic deformation processes (such as extruding, forging, hot rolling, cold rolling or drawing). An annex gives explanatory notes concerning classification principles of some definitions.

The terms and definitions have been approved in principle by the Customs Co-operation Council (CCC) to form the basis of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonized System) for the revision of chapter 74 "Copper" of the CCC-Nomenclature. This International Standard defines the following terms: unwrought products, cathode, wire bar, cake, billet and ingot.

The terms and definitions have been approved in principle by the Customs Co-operation Council (CCC) to form the basis of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonized System) for the revision of chapter 74 "Copper" of the CCC-Nomenclature. This part of ISO 197 defines the following terms: casting, sand casting, permanent mould casting (chill casting), pressure die casting (die casting), centrifugal casting and continuous casting.

Includes general terms and defitions (alloy, alloying element, impurity, master alloy, etc.), specific terms and definitions for unrefined copper (copper matte; black copper; etc.) and refined copper (oxygen-free copper, chemical refining, etc.) and copper alloys (brasses, bronzes, etc.). This part of ISO 197 gives a classification of copper and copper alloys including a dividing line between both for further details (annex).

The material designations shall be based on the chemical composition limits. All material designations shall have the prefix "ISO". International chemical symbols shall be used for the designation of the base element and the major alloying elements, followed by letters indicating the metal grade or by numbers indicating the nominal alloy content. Cast alloys shall have the prefix G.

This part of ISO 197 defines terms relating to methods of processing and heat treatment such as hot and cold working, strain hardening, annealing and partial annealing, temper, homogenizing, solution heat treatment, natural ageing and artificial ageing, quenching, and stress relieving.

Specifies an accelerated test for the purpose of detecting the presence of residual (internal) stresses in wrought copper and copper alloy products that might bring about failure of the material in service or storage through stress corrosion cracking. The method is not intended for testing assemblies and partial assemblies. For such use some modifications may be required.

Provides a means of assessing the usability in electronic devices, for applications involving glass-to-metal seals, or other uses relying on the formation and presence of an adherent film of copper oxide. The procedure includes preparation and heating in air of a test piece, followed by rapid cooling in water and visual examination for loss of the oxide film or blistering.

Covers principle, reagents, apparatus, sampling, procedure, expression of results, repeatibility and test report.

The method is applicable to the determination of iron contents up to 0.4 % (m/m) in any of the copper alloys listed in ISO publications. ISO 1812 specifies principle, reagents, apparatus, sampling, procedure, expression of results and test report.

The method is applicable to the determination of arsenic as an alloying element or as an impurity in copper or all types of copper alloys listed in ISO publications. ISO 3220 specifies principle, reagents, apparatus, sampling, procedure, expression of results and test report.

This test is applicable to deoxidized and oxygen-free high-conductivity coppers. ISO 2626 specifies principle, test pieces, and procedure. Embrittlement is revealed by close bending or reverse bending, or by microscopic examination.

The method is applicable to the determination of zinc contents between 0.001 and 6 % (m/m). ISO 4740 does not apply to copper alloys containing more than 10 % (m/m) of lead. Specifies principle, reagents, apparatus, sampling, procedure, expression of results and test report.

The method is applicable to contents of nickel as an alloying element in all types of copper alloys listed in International Standards. ISO 4743 specifies principle, reagents, apparatus, procedure, expression of results and test report.

The method is applicable to the determination of tin contents between 0.005 and 0.5 % (m/m) in all types of copper and copper alloys listed in International Standards. A method applicable to the determination of tin contents below 0.005 % (m/m) is in preparation. ISO 4751 specifies principle, reagents, apparatus, procedure, preparation of calibration graph, expression of results and test report.