77.040 - Testing of metals
ICS 77.040 Details
Testing of metals
Prufung metallischer Werkstoffe
Essais des metaux
Preskušanje kovin
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 77.040 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Testing of metals". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 2756 standards classified under ICS 77.040 (Testing of metals). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies the method of instrumented indentation test for determination of hardness and other materials parameters for the following three ranges:
macro range: 2 N ≤ F ≤ 30 kN;
micro range: 2 N > F; h > 0,2 µm;
nano range: h ≤ 0,2 µm.
For the nano range, the mechanical deformation strongly depends on the real shape of indenter tip and the calculated material parameters are significantly influenced by the contact area function of the indenter used in the testing machine. Therefore, careful calibration of both instrument and indenter shape is required in order to achieve an acceptable reproducibility of the materials parameters determined with different machines.
The macro and micro ranges are distinguished by the test forces in relation to the indentation depth.
Attention is drawn to the fact that the micro range has an upper limit given by the test force (2 N) and a lower limit given by the indentation depth of 0,2 µm.
The determination of hardness and other material parameters is given in the normative Annex A.
At high contact pressures, damage to the indenter is possible. For test pieces with very high hardness and modulus of elasticity, permanent indenter deformation can occur and can be detected using suitable reference materials. Indentations that result in damage or permanent deformation of the indenter are excluded from the scope of this test method.
This test method can also be applied to thin metallic and non-metallic coatings and non-metallic materials. In this case, it is recommended that the specifications in the relevant standards be taken into account (see also 7.3 and ISO 14577-4).
The analysis methods of this standard assume that materials behave like ideal materials. Any deviation (internal stress, pile-up, sink-in, densification, phase transitions, cracks) will result in additional uncertainties. This becomes especially important if comparisons shall be done to material parameters, obtained with other methods.
- Standard52 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an A-type ultrasonic pulse contact method applying the ultrasonic longitudinal wave technique to hardmetals. This document is applicable to the ultrasonic inspection for a hardmetal rod that has a circular end face with a diameter not less than 6,0 mm and a rod length of 40,0 mm to 380,0 mm, or a hardmetal product that has a non-circular testing area not smaller than the coverage area of the probe (not less than 12,0 mm in diameter) and a height of 10,0 mm to 380,0 mm. Within the detection range specified in this document, the sound transmission energy is expressed by the probe driving voltage, and the range is 100,0 V to 200,0 V.
- Technical specification19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method of tensile testing of metallic materials at temperatures higher than room temperature.
- Draft25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes a method of determining the hole expansion ratio in metallic sheets and strips with a thickness range of 1,2 mm to 6,0 mm inclusive and a width of at least 90 mm. NOTE This test is normally applicable to sheet metal and is used to assess the suitability of the product for forming flanges.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method of tensile testing of metallic materials at temperatures higher than room temperature.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard21 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods for determining fracture toughness in terms of K, δ, J and R-curves for homogeneous metallic materials subjected to quasistatic loading. Specimens are notched, precracked by fatigue and tested under slowly increasing displacement. The fracture toughness is determined for individual specimens at or after the onset of ductile crack extension or at the onset of ductile crack instability or unstable crack extension. In cases where cracks grow in a stable manner under ductile tearing conditions, a resistance curve describing fracture toughness as a function of crack extension is measured. In some cases in the testing of ferritic materials, unstable crack extension can occur by cleavage or ductile crack initiation and growth, interrupted by cleavage extension. The fracture toughness at crack arrest is not covered by this document. Special testing requirements and analysis procedures are necessary when testing weldments, and these are described in ISO 15653 which is complementary to this document.
Statistical variability of the results strongly depends on the fracture type, for instance, fracture toughness associated with cleavage fracture in ferritic steels can show large variation. For applications that require high reliability, a statistical approach can be used to quantify the variability in fracture toughness in the ductile-to-brittle transition region, such as that given in ASTM E1921. However, it is not the purpose of this document to specify the number of tests to be carried out nor how the results of the tests are to be applied or interpreted.
- Draft107 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the method of verification and calibration of testing machines for carrying out the instrumented indentation test in accordance with ISO 14577-1.
It specifies a direct verification method for verifying and calibrating the main functions of the testing machine and an indirect verification method suitable for the determination of the repeatability of the testing machine.
The methods in ISO 14577 are applicable to all systems that comply with the requirements of this part of ISO 14577.
- Draft29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing method and evaluation of results for in-use equipment made of ferromagnetic materials. This document is mainly applicable for the detection of volume defects such as corrosion and mechanical damage on the test surface and the opposite surface of plate and tubular structures. A coating with a maximum thickness of 6 mm is allowed on the test surface. This document applies to external MFL testing of in-use ferromagnetic seamless steel pipes and base metal of pressure vessel shells with an outer diameter of not less than 38 mm and a wall thickness of not more than 20 mm. This document is also applicable to MFL testing of base metal of pressure vessels and storage tank bottom plates with a wall thickness of not more than 20 mm.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the method of instrumented indentation test for determination of hardness and other materials parameters for the following three ranges:
macro range: 2 N ≤ F ≤ 30 kN;
micro range: 2 N > F; h > 0,2 µm;
nano range: h ≤ 0,2 µm.
For the nano range, the mechanical deformation strongly depends on the real shape of indenter tip and the calculated material parameters are significantly influenced by the contact area function of the indenter used in the testing machine. Therefore, careful calibration of both instrument and indenter shape is required in order to achieve an acceptable reproducibility of the materials parameters determined with different machines.
The macro and micro ranges are distinguished by the test forces in relation to the indentation depth.
Attention is drawn to the fact that the micro range has an upper limit given by the test force (2 N) and a lower limit given by the indentation depth of 0,2 µm.
The determination of hardness and other material parameters is given in the normative Annex A.
At high contact pressures, damage to the indenter is possible. For test pieces with very high hardness and modulus of elasticity, permanent indenter deformation can occur and can be detected using suitable reference materials. Indentations that result in damage or permanent deformation of the indenter are excluded from the scope of this test method.
This test method can also be applied to thin metallic and non-metallic coatings and non-metallic materials. In this case, it is recommended that the specifications in the relevant standards be taken into account (see also 7.3 and ISO 14577-4).
The analysis methods of this standard assume that materials behave like ideal materials. Any deviation (internal stress, pile-up, sink-in, densification, phase transitions, cracks) will result in additional uncertainties. This becomes especially important if comparisons shall be done to material parameters, obtained with other methods.
- Standard52 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the method of verification and calibration of testing machines for carrying out the instrumented indentation test in accordance with ISO 14577-1. It specifies a direct verification method for verifying and calibrating the main functions of the testing machine and an indirect verification method suitable for the determination of the repeatability of the testing machine. The methods in ISO 14577 are applicable to all systems that comply with the requirements of this part of ISO 14577.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard28 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the method of instrumented indentation test for determination of hardness and other materials parameters for the following three ranges: macro range: 2 N ≤ F ≤ 30 kN; micro range: 2 N > F; h > 0,2 µm; nano range: h ≤ 0,2 µm. For the nano range, the mechanical deformation strongly depends on the real shape of indenter tip and the calculated material parameters are significantly influenced by the contact area function of the indenter used in the testing machine. Therefore, careful calibration of both instrument and indenter shape is required in order to achieve an acceptable reproducibility of the materials parameters determined with different machines. The macro and micro ranges are distinguished by the test forces in relation to the indentation depth. Attention is drawn to the fact that the micro range has an upper limit given by the test force (2 N) and a lower limit given by the indentation depth of 0,2 µm. The determination of hardness and other material parameters is given in the normative Annex A. At high contact pressures, damage to the indenter is possible. For test pieces with very high hardness and modulus of elasticity, permanent indenter deformation can occur and can be detected using suitable reference materials. Indentations that result in damage or permanent deformation of the indenter are excluded from the scope of this test method. This test method can also be applied to thin metallic and non-metallic coatings and non-metallic materials. In this case, it is recommended that the specifications in the relevant standards be taken into account (see also 7.3 and ISO 14577-4). The analysis methods of this standard assume that materials behave like ideal materials. Any deviation (internal stress, pile-up, sink-in, densification, phase transitions, cracks) will result in additional uncertainties. This becomes especially important if comparisons shall be done to material parameters, obtained with other methods.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard46 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a micrographic method of determining the non-metallic inclusions in rolled or forged steel products having a reduction ratio of at least 3 using the images of a standard reference chart or direct measurement by image analysis technologies. The standard reference chart described in this document is not entirely applicable for certain types of steel (e.g. free cutting steels).
- Standard56 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the calibration of reference blocks to use for the indirect verification of testing machines for the instrumented indentation test as specified in ISO 14577-2.
Reference materials, where it is necessary to prepare a surface before the test in a manner that removes surface layers are excluded from this standard.
- Draft13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the calibration of reference blocks to use for the indirect verification of testing machines for the instrumented indentation test as specified in ISO 14577-2. Reference materials, where it is necessary to prepare a surface before the test in a manner that removes surface layers are excluded from this standard.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard12 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a test method for the determination of the brittle crack arrest temperature (CAT). This document is applicable to either ferritic or bainitic, or both steel base metals with a body-centred cubic (BCC) crystal lattice structure that exhibit ductile to brittle transition behaviour. The applicable materials are rolled steel plates. This document is intended for steels with a tensile strength of 950 MPa or less and a thickness greater than 6 mm but not exceeding 200 mm. The range of arrest temperatures is between − 196 °C and + 100 °C. This document also specifies the requirements for test method and test procedures when using the isothermal crack arrest test to judge valid test results under isothermal conditions and in order to determine the crack arrest temperature.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document is applicable to the tensile testing and specifies the requirements of metallic materials at elevated temperature for aerospace applications.
It is applied when referred to in the EN technical specification or material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the method of linear elastic dynamic instrumented indentation test for determination of indentation hardness and indentation modulus of materials showing elastic-plastic behaviour when oscillatory force or displacement is applied to the indenter while the load or displacement is held constant at a prescribed target value or while the indenter is continuously loaded to a prescribed target load or target depth.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the pendulum impact test method on miniature Charpy-type V-notch test pieces of metallic materials. This document does not cover instrumented impact testing of miniature Charpy-type V-notch test pieces, which is specified in ISO 14556:2023, Annex D[1]. This document can be applied, by agreement, to other impact testing machines, such as drop-weight towers or high-speed servo-hydraulic machines. The user should be aware that data obtained from miniature test pieces are not directly comparable to those obtained from full-size standard Charpy V-notch test pieces[2],[3].
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard8 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the chemical composition limits of wrought aluminium and wrought aluminium alloys and form of products.
NOTE The chemical composition limits of aluminium and aluminium alloys specified herein are completely identical with those registered with the Aluminium Association, 1525, Wilson Boulevard, Suite 600, Arlington, VA 22209, USA, for the corresponding alloys.
- Standard52 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies guidelines for testing metallic sheet materials to determine the stress-strain characteristics at high strain rates. This document covers the use of elastic-bar-type systems.
This test method covers the strain-rate range above 102 s−1.
NOTE This testing method is also applicable to tensile test-piece geometries other than the flat test pieces considered here.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to the tensile testing and specifies the requirements of metallic materials at elevated temperature for aerospace applications.
It is applied when referred to in the EN technical specification or material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method of measuring the case hardening depth, surface hardening depth, nitriding hardness depth and total thickness of surface hardening depth obtained using, e.g. thermal (flame and induction hardening, electron beam hardening, laser beam hardening, etc.) or thermochemical (carbonitriding, carburizing and hardening, hardening and nitriding, etc.) treatment.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for measuring the Palmqvist toughness of hardmetals and cermets at room temperature by an indentation method. This document is applicable to a measurement of toughness, called Palmqvist toughness, calculated from the total length of cracks emanating from the corners of a Vickers hardness indentation, and it is intended for use with metal-bonded carbides and carbonitrides (normally called hardmetals, cermets or cemented carbides). The test procedures specified in this document are applicable for use at ambient temperatures, but can be extended to higher or lower temperatures by agreement. The test procedures specified in this document are also applicable for use in a normal laboratory-air environment. This document is not applicable for use in corrosive environments, such as strong acids or seawater.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the transverse rupture strength of sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals. The method is particularly suitable for comparing the sintered strength of a batch of metal powder with that of a reference powder or with a reference strength.
The method is applicable to sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals, whether they have been subjected to heat treatment after sintering or not, and also to materials that have been sized or coined after sintering.
It is especially suitable for materials having a uniform hardness throughout their section and negligible ductility, i.e. a ductility corresponding to a permanent deformation of less than about 0,5 mm measured between the two supports during the transverse rupture strength determination.
NOTE The permanent deformation can be measured with sufficient precision from the two fragments of the broken or cracked bar by indexing the lower surface. Alternatively, the deflection of a straight line drawn horizontally on the side of the test piece can be measured using an optical instrument such as a measuring microscope or optical comparator.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the method of linear elastic dynamic instrumented indentation test for determination of indentation hardness and indentation modulus of materials showing elastic-plastic behaviour when oscillatory force or displacement is applied to the indenter while the load or displacement is held constant at a prescribed target value or while the indenter is continuously loaded to a prescribed target load or target depth.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to material testing and specifies the requirements for the tensile testing of metallic materials at ambient temperature for aerospace applications.
It is applied when referred to in the EN technical specification or material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method of measuring the case hardening depth, surface hardening depth, nitriding hardness depth and total thickness of surface hardening depth obtained using, e.g. thermal (flame and induction hardening, electron beam hardening, laser beam hardening, etc.) or thermochemical (carbonitriding, carburizing and hardening, hardening and nitriding, etc.) treatment.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for measuring the Palmqvist toughness of hardmetals and cermets at room temperature by an indentation method. This document is applicable to a measurement of toughness, called Palmqvist toughness, calculated from the total length of cracks emanating from the corners of a Vickers hardness indentation, and it is intended for use with metal-bonded carbides and carbonitrides (normally called hardmetals, cermets or cemented carbides). The test procedures specified in this document are applicable for use at ambient temperatures, but can be extended to higher or lower temperatures by agreement. The test procedures specified in this document are also applicable for use in a normal laboratory-air environment. This document is not applicable for use in corrosive environments, such as strong acids or seawater.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the transverse rupture strength of sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals. The method is particularly suitable for comparing the sintered strength of a batch of metal powder with that of a reference powder or with a reference strength.
The method is applicable to sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals, whether they have been subjected to heat treatment after sintering or not, and also to materials that have been sized or coined after sintering.
It is especially suitable for materials having a uniform hardness throughout their section and negligible ductility, i.e. a ductility corresponding to a permanent deformation of less than about 0,5 mm measured between the two supports during the transverse rupture strength determination.
NOTE The permanent deformation can be measured with sufficient precision from the two fragments of the broken or cracked bar by indexing the lower surface. Alternatively, the deflection of a straight line drawn horizontally on the side of the test piece can be measured using an optical instrument such as a measuring microscope or optical comparator.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method of measuring the case hardening depth, surface hardening depth, nitriding hardness depth and total thickness of surface hardening depth obtained using, e.g. thermal (flame and induction hardening, electron beam hardening, laser beam hardening, etc.) or thermochemical (carbonitriding, carburizing and hardening, hardening and nitriding, etc.) treatment.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard14 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for measuring the Palmqvist toughness of hardmetals and cermets at room temperature by an indentation method. This document is applicable to a measurement of toughness, called Palmqvist toughness, calculated from the total length of cracks emanating from the corners of a Vickers hardness indentation, and it is intended for use with metal-bonded carbides and carbonitrides (normally called hardmetals, cermets or cemented carbides). The test procedures specified in this document are applicable for use at ambient temperatures, but can be extended to higher or lower temperatures by agreement. The test procedures specified in this document are also applicable for use in a normal laboratory-air environment. This document is not applicable for use in corrosive environments, such as strong acids or seawater.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard11 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of the transverse rupture strength of sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals. The method is particularly suitable for comparing the sintered strength of a batch of metal powder with that of a reference powder or with a reference strength. The method is applicable to sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals, whether they have been subjected to heat treatment after sintering or not, and also to materials that have been sized or coined after sintering. It is especially suitable for materials having a uniform hardness throughout their section and negligible ductility, i.e. a ductility corresponding to a permanent deformation of less than about 0,5 mm measured between the two supports during the transverse rupture strength determination. NOTE The permanent deformation can be measured with sufficient precision from the two fragments of the broken or cracked bar by indexing the lower surface. Alternatively, the deflection of a straight line drawn horizontally on the side of the test piece can be measured using an optical instrument such as a measuring microscope or optical comparator.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard4 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document is applicable to material testing and specifies the requirements for the tensile testing of metallic materials at ambient temperature for aerospace applications.
It is applied when referred to in the EN technical specification or material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies guidelines for testing metallic sheet materials to determine the stress-strain characteristics at high strain rates. This document covers the use of elastic-bar-type systems.
This test method covers the strain-rate range above 102 s−1.
NOTE This testing method is also applicable to tensile test-piece geometries other than the flat test pieces considered here.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies guidelines for testing metallic sheet materials to determine the stress-strain characteristics at high strain rates. This document covers the use of elastic-bar-type systems. This test method covers the strain-rate range above 102 s−1. NOTE This testing method is also applicable to tensile test-piece geometries other than the flat test pieces considered here.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard29 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and the techniques for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
This document does not apply to ultrasonic testing of the nodularity of spheroidal graphite cast irons.
This document does not apply to phased array technique and to transmission technique.
NOTE The transmission technique has insufficient sensitivity to detect the discontinuities found in spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and is used in exceptional cases only.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for highly stressed components and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
Highly-stressed means for example:
— High material utilization (close to Rp0,2)
— High static and cyclic load
— For fail-safe assessment, requiring a fracture-mechanic assessment
An example for a highly-stressed cast component is a turbine housing, subjected to combined high static, cyclic and thermal load.
Purchasers determine if components are highly stressed based on the need for performance or safety.
For lower-stressed cast components for general purposes, EN 12680-1 applies.
This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain-refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.
For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements are applicable with respect to test procedure and recording levels.
This document does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for general purposes and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.
For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements are applicable with respect to test procedure and recording levels.
This document does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds. For highly stressed components EN 12680-2 is applicable.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document applies to force-controlled thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) testing. Both forms of control, force or stress, can be applied according to this document. This document describes the equipment, specimen preparation, and presentation of the test results to determine TMF properties.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for general purposes and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.
For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements are applicable with respect to test procedure and recording levels.
This document does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds. For highly stressed components EN 12680-2 is applicable.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and the techniques for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
This document does not apply to ultrasonic testing of the nodularity of spheroidal graphite cast irons.
This document does not apply to phased array technique and to transmission technique.
NOTE The transmission technique has insufficient sensitivity to detect the discontinuities found in spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and is used in exceptional cases only.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for highly stressed components and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
Highly-stressed means for example:
— High material utilization (close to Rp0,2)
— High static and cyclic load
— For fail-safe assessment, requiring a fracture-mechanic assessment
An example for a highly-stressed cast component is a turbine housing, subjected to combined high static, cyclic and thermal load.
Purchasers determine if components are highly stressed based on the need for performance or safety.
For lower-stressed cast components for general purposes, EN 12680-1 applies.
This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain-refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.
For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements are applicable with respect to test procedure and recording levels.
This document does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the instrumented indentation method for testing at elevated temperature for determination of hardness and other materials parameters at temperatures above ambient. Elevated temperature testing is defined in this document to be when the test piece and indenter tip are heated above the ambient conditions of the instrument to a controlled and measured temperature; insulating shielding is used to enclose the hot zone to reduce heating effects so that the majority of the instrumented indentation testing machine is at ambient conditions. This document is restricted to test machines that have been traceably calibrated and pass an indirect verification according to ISO 14577-2 when operating at elevated temperature to ensure that any effects on ambient sensors caused by the presence of a hot zone are accounted for. This document covers instrumented indentation testing at elevated temperatures in air, in inert or reducing gaseous environments, or in vacuum. This document provides a method for instrumented indentation testing at elevated temperature with both the indenter tip and test piece actively heated, and with independent feedback control and temperature measurement of both the indenter tip and test piece. This document provides a method for estimation of the uncertainty of the contact temperature. The uncertainty increases as the thermal conductivity of the test piece decreases. It is left to the user to decide if that uncertainty is fit for their purpose. The test method in this document is not applicable to: — instrumented indentation testing where there is no direct measurement of the temperature of the indenter tip body itself; — instrumented indentation testing where above ambient temperatures are obtained by placing the entire instrument in a hot box to achieve iso-thermal heating of the whole system. These systems typically only achieve limited elevated temperature; — instrumented indentation testing with active heating of the test piece but only passive heating of the indenter, e.g. by proximity to the hot test piece and thermal conduction through the indentation contact, hot gas, or any combination.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a gravimetric method for the determination of the moisture content in rare earth solid concentrate, rare earth oxides and rare earth fluorides. The specified measurement ranges for moisture are shown in Table 1. This document is not applicable to: a) lanthanum oxide and neodymium oxide; b) rare earth oxides containing lanthanum oxide or neodymium oxide, such as lanthanum-cerium oxide, praseodymium-neodymium oxide, etc. This document does not involve sampling. NOTE Since the lanthanum oxide and neodymium oxide will react with water and carbon dioxide in the air, moisture cannot be accurately determined. However, this method can also be a guidance for the determination of the moisture in these materials.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides specifications for metallographic method for determining the maximum local content of ferrite in an austenitic matrix of stainless steel.
- Technical specification11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 15363:2017 specifies the ring hydraulic pressure test for metallic tubes. It is generally applied to tubes with an outside diameter greater than 120 mm and outside diameter to thickness ratio of not less than 20.
The objective of this test is to ascertain the value of the hoop stress required to produce a specified total circumferential (hoop) strain.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Amendment8 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 15363:2017 specifies the ring hydraulic pressure test for metallic tubes. It is generally applied to tubes with an outside diameter greater than 120 mm and outside diameter to thickness ratio of not less than 20.
The objective of this test is to ascertain the value of the hoop stress required to produce a specified total circumferential (hoop) strain.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the total carbon content in steel and iron.
The method is applicable to carbon contents between 0,003 % (mass fraction) and 4,5 % (mass fraction).
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Amendment8 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day