SIST EN 1995-2:2026/oprA1:2026

• Abstract:

  (1) This document gives design rules for the structural parts of bridges made of timber or other wood-based materials, either singly or compositely with concrete, steel or other materials. ; (2) The provisions of this document supplement, and in some cases modify or supersede, provisions given EN 1995-1-1. ; (3) Prestressed timber-concrete composite (TCC) members are not covered by this document. The design of stress-laminated timber decks used as part of a TCC system is covered. ; (4) TCC structures which rely on friction between wood and concrete are not covered by this document.

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 26-Nov-2026
• ICS: 91.010.30 - Technical aspects
• ICS: 91.080.20 - Timber structures
• ICS: 93.040 - Bridge construction
• Technical Committee: KON - Structures
• Current Stage: 4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 25-Sep-2026
• Due Date: 12-Feb-2027
• Mandate: M/515 - Mandate for amending existing Eurocodes and extending the scope of structural Eurocodes
• Ref Project: EN 1995-2:2026/prA1 - Eurocode 5 - Design of timber structures - Part 2: Bridges

• Amends: kSIST FprEN 1995-2:2025 - Eurocode 5 - Design of timber structures - Part 2: Bridges
• Effective Date: 08-Apr-2026

SIST EN 1995-2:2026/oprA1:2026 is a CEN draft amendment to Eurocode 5 - Design of timber structures - Part 2: Bridges. It updates the bridge design rules for timber and wood-based bridge structures, including members combined with concrete, steel or other materials, and revises rules for durability, structural analysis, serviceability, fatigue, joints and related annexes. The document is for bridge designers, structural engineers, and others who specify or check timber bridge design under the Eurocode system.

What does SIST EN 1995-2:2026/oprA1:2026 specify?

SIST EN 1995-2:2026/oprA1:2026 specifies amendments to the bridge design rules in EN 1995-2:2026. The underlying part covers structural parts of bridges made of timber or other wood-based materials, used alone or compositely with concrete, steel or other materials.

The provisions supplement, and in some cases modify or supersede, EN 1995-1-1. The scope also makes two TCC limits clear: prestressed timber-concrete composite (TCC) members are not covered, and TCC structures that rely on friction between wood and concrete are not covered. Stress-laminated timber decks used as part of a TCC system are covered.

The amendment is organized as changes to the Introduction, Clauses 1 to 11, Annexes A to F, and the Bibliography.

Annex	What it covers
Annex A	Effective composite creep coefficients for TCC
Annex B	Dimensional changes due to environmental effects
Annex C	Additional information on bearings
Annex D	Durability - Construction measures and examples for detailing
Annex E	Inspection and maintenance of timber bridges
Annex F	Simplified verification of vibrations

What are the key requirements of SIST EN 1995-2:2026/oprA1:2026?

Basis of design and materials

Clause 4 ties the design basis to service class and use class, and it updates the size limits in Table 4.2 for different member types. In practice, designers need to classify each structural part correctly before they choose the detailed checks and detailing rules.

Clause 5 updates material wording and points back to EN 1995-1-1:2025 for the applicability of CLT in a given service class. It also standardizes terms such as edge bonded. For the reader, this matters because material choice and connection detail are not separate topics - they affect whether a member can be used in the intended exposure.

Durability, moisture and corrosion protection

Clause 6 puts stronger emphasis on moisture control, drainage, ventilation and weather protection. It refines the treatment of rainfall inclination, protected members, steel components within timber cross-sections, and atmospheric exposure categories in Table 6.2. In practice, the designer has to show how water is kept away from timber and how hidden steel parts are protected or made inspectable.

Annex D supports this with construction measures and detailing examples. Table D.1 links use class, protective measures, wood type and durability class, so it is a practical aid for choosing details that match the expected exposure.

Structural analysis, ultimate strength and composite action

Clause 7 updates the notation and rules for moisture-related dimensional changes, including movement caused by changes in moisture content. It also reorganizes the treatment of other members, bearings, portal frames and foundations. This means the analysis must allow for movement and support behavior, not only member strength.

Clause 8 covers Ultimate limit states (ULS), including stress-laminated decks, prestressing bars or tendons, and composite concrete slabs. The new 8.2.2 gives specific rules for concrete slabs, reinforcement zones and slab depth, and it aims to keep the neutral axis in the timber part when full composite action is assumed. In practice, timber and concrete parts must be designed together as one structural system.

Serviceability and fatigue

Clause 9 updates Serviceability limit states (SLS), especially maximum deflection values for road traffic, pedestrian traffic and wind forces in Table 9.1. It also adds checks for sealant strain capacity and vibration-related quantities. For users, this is the part that controls comfort, appearance and the performance of waterproofing and joints.

Clause 10 tightens fatigue wording around stress concentrations, holes, notches and shear connectors. It also updates the treatment of traffic categories and shear verifications. In practice, repeated loading on bridge details needs separate attention, especially where geometry creates local peaks in stress.

Joints and connection design

Clause 11 now also refers to EN 1994-2 alongside EN 1993-1-8 for joints and connections. That matters for composite bridge work because connection design may need rules from steel and composite steel-concrete bridge practice as well as timber bridge practice.

Informative support annexes

Annex A gives composite creep coefficients for TCC, Annex B covers environmental dimensional change, Annex C gives bearing information, Annex E covers inspection and maintenance, and Annex F gives simplified vibration verification. These annexes are not the main rule text, but they are the working tools that designers and asset managers use for calculations, detailing and checks.

What terms does SIST EN 1995-2:2026/oprA1:2026 define?

• Timber-concrete composite (TCC) structure - a bridge structure combining timber and concrete; in this part, some TCC cases are covered and others are excluded.
• Stress-laminated timber deck - a transversally post-tensioned laminated timber deck.
• Floating waterproofing system - a layered system with a sealant protected from traffic and not able to transfer shear between the surface composition and the superstructure.
• Service class (SC) - the moisture-related exposure class used to set design conditions for timber bridge members.
• Use class (UC) - the exposure class used for protected and exposed timber parts; Clause 4 limits protected members to UC 2 maximum.
• Ultimate limit states (ULS) - the checks that prevent structural failure or loss of stability.
• Serviceability limit states (SLS) - the checks that control deflection, vibration and movement in use.

Who uses SIST EN 1995-2:2026/oprA1:2026?

Bridge structural engineers use SIST EN 1995-2:2026/oprA1:2026 to design timber bridges and timber-composite bridge parts. Timber bridge fabricators, composite bridge suppliers and specialist detailers use it to shape connections, waterproofing, drainage and protection details.

It is also relevant to clients, asset owners, quality managers and inspectors who need to understand what the design should address for durability, maintenance and serviceability. In practice, it supports both new bridge projects and the review of bridge details during inspection and upkeep.

What changed in SIST EN 1995-2:2026/oprA1:2026 from the previous edition?

SIST EN 1995-2:2026/oprA1:2026 amends EN 1995-2:2026. The draft update:

• replaces outdated references and terminology throughout, including the move to EN 1995-1-3 for timber-concrete composite structures
• revises Clause 3 definitions for protected bridges, waterproofing, floating waterproofing systems, stress-laminated decks and moisture symbols
• updates Clause 4 on basis of design, including service class and use class wording and Table 4.2 member size thresholds
• strengthens Clause 6 on durability, drainage, moisture protection and corrosion exposure, and rewrites Table 6.2
• adds and revises rules in Clause 8 for concrete slabs in composite members
• updates Clause 9 deflection limits and serviceability checks, and Clause 10 fatigue wording
• revises Annexes A to F, including creep coefficients, detailing examples, bearing guidance, inspection and vibration verification

Which standards are used with SIST EN 1995-2:2026/oprA1:2026?

Standard	What it contributes
EN 1995-1-1:2025	Base timber design rules that EN 1995-2 supplements and sometimes modifies
EN 1995-1-3:2026	Timber-concrete composite structures
EN 335	Use classes for wood exposure
EN 350:2016	Durability class information for wood species
EN 13556	Wood species naming and identification
EN 1991-2	Traffic loading context used in fatigue-related checks
EN 1992-1-1	Concrete design rules used in composite slab detailing
EN 1993-1-4	Corrosion resistance classes for stainless steel
EN 1993-1-8	Steel joint design
EN 1994-2	Composite steel and concrete bridge design

What does the SIST EN 1995-2:2026/oprA1:2026 document contain?

The document is a clause-by-clause amendment with updated wording, symbols, tables and figures. It revises design tables for member size limits, moisture-related movement, corrosion protection, deflection limits and vibration categories.

Annex D contains several updated detailing figures for bridges, transitions, drainage, waterproofing and bearings. Annex E gives inspection and maintenance notes, and Annex F gives a simplified vibration check by traffic category. The document also updates the Bibliography to align the references used in recommendations and notes.

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2026
Evrokod 5 - Projektiranje lesenih konstrukcij - 2. del: Mostovi
Eurocode 5 - Design of timber structures - Part 2: Bridges
Eurocode 5 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Holzbauten - Teil 2: Brücken
Eurocode 5 - Calcul des structures en bois - Partie 2 : Ponts
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1995-2:2026/prA1
ICS:
91.010.30 Tehnični vidiki Technical aspects
91.080.20 Lesene konstrukcije Timber structures
93.040 Gradnja mostov Bridge construction
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 1995-2:2026
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
prA1
September 2026
ICS 91.010.30
English Version
Eurocode 5 - Design of timber structures - Part 2: Bridges
Eurocode 5 - Calcul des structures en bois - Partie 2 : Eurocode 5 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von
Ponts Holzbauten - Teil 2: Brücken
This draft amendment is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 250.

This draft amendment A1, if approved, will modify the European Standard EN 1995-2:2026. If this draft becomes an amendment,
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for inclusion of
this amendment into the relevant national standard without any alteration.

This draft amendment was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2026 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1995-2:2026/prA1:2026 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
European foreword . 3
1 Modifications throughout the whole document . 4
2 Modification to Introduction . 4
3 Modification to Clause 1, “Scope” . 4
4 Modification to Clause 2, “Normative References” . 4
5 Modification to Clause 3, “Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations” . 4
6 Modification to Clause 4, “Basis of design” . 5
7 Modification to Clause 5, “Materials” . 6
8 Modification to Clause 6, “Durability” . 7
9 Modification to Clause 7, “Structural analysis” . 9
10 Modification to Clause 8, “Ultimate limit states (ULS)” . 10
11 Modification to Clause 9, “Serviceability limit states (SLS)”. 11
12 Modification to Clause 10, “Fatigue” . 12
13 Modification to Clause 11, “Joints and connections” . 12
14 Modification to Annex A (informative), “Effective composite creep coefficients for
TCC” . 12
15 Modification to Annex B (informative), “Dimensional changes due to environmental
effects” . 13
16 Modification to Annex C (informative), “Additional information on bearings” . 13
17 Modification to Annex D (informative), “Durability: Construction measures and
examples for detailing” . 13
18 Modification to Annex E (informative), “Inspection and maintenance of timber
bridges” . 26
19 Modification to Annex F (informative), “Simplified verification of vibrations” . 26
20 Modification to Bibliography . 26

European foreword
This document (EN 1995-2:2026/prA1:2026) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250
“Structural Eurocodes”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all
Structural Eurocodes and has been assigned responsibility for structural and geotechnical design matters
by CEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will amend EN 1995-2:2026.
NOTE Some modifications are purely editorial corrections to improve the quality of the document and these will
not be tagged in the consolidated publication, as noted after the modification.
The first generation of EN Eurocodes was published between 2002 and 2007. This document forms part
of the second generation of the Eurocodes, which have been prepared under Mandate M/515 issued to
CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
The Eurocodes have been drafted to be used in conjunction with relevant execution, material, product
and test standards, and to identify requirements for execution, materials, products and testing that are
relied upon by the Eurocodes.
The Eurocodes recognize the responsibility of each Member State and have safeguarded their right to
determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level through the use of National
Annexes.
1 Modifications throughout the whole document
Replace “CEN/TS 19103” with “EN 1995-1-3” and update throughout the text when an undated reference
is given.
Replace “CEN/TS 19103:2021” with “prEN 1995-1-3:2026”and update throughout the text when a dated
reference is given.
Replace “grouting” with “filling”, “national annex” with “National Annex”, “Traffic Classes” with “traffic
classes” and “weather-resistant” with “weather-protecting”.
Replace “sealing system” with “waterproofing system” and “sealing”/”sealings” with “sealant”/”sealants”.
Replace “is given” with “can be given” in the note for B.1(1), D.1(1), E.1(1) and F.1(1).
2 Modification to Introduction
In 0.2, replace “CEN/TS 19103 Eurocode 5 — Design of Timber Structures — Structural design of timber-
concrete composite structures — Common rules and rules for buildings” with “EN 1995-1-3 , Eurocode 5
— Design of timber structures — Part 1-3: Timber-concrete composite structures”.
In 0.5, delete “4.3.1.3(1)” from the list of nationally determined parameters. Arrange the list of informative
annexes in alphabetical order.
3 Modification to Clause 1, “Scope”
In 1.1(1), delete “, i.e. structural members of importance for the reliability of the whole bridge or major
parts of it,”. Add a new paragraph after (1) “The provisions of this document supplement, and in some
cases modify or supersede, provisions given EN 1995-1-1.” and renumber the subsequent paragraphs.
In 1.1(3), replace “Systems” with “TCC structures”.
4 Modification to Clause 2, “Normative References”
Replace “CEN/TS 19103:2021, Eurocode 5: Design of Timber Structures - Structural design of timber-
concrete composite structures - Common rules and rules for buildings” with “prEN 1995-1-3:2026,
Eurocode 5 — Design of timber structures — Part 1-3: Timber-concrete composite structures”.
5 Modification to Clause 3, “Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations”
In 3.1.2, in Note 1 to entry, delete “or side faces”.
In 3.1.3, replace “that is partially protected or unprotected from weathering” with “which is partially or
fully exposed to direct weathering”.
In 3.1.4, replace “(3.1.2)” with “(3.1.3)”, apply italic type font for “protected bridge” and add “for all main
members” to the end of the sentence.
In 3.1.5, replace “layer” with “waterproofing membrane”. Delete the note to entry.
In 3.1.7, add “waterproofing” between “floating” and “system” and replace the definition with “system of
layers consisting of a sealant (3.1.5) protected from traffic, not capable of transferring shear stresses
between the surface composition and superstructure”.
In 3.1.10, replace “member” with “element” and “comprised” with “comprising”.
In 3.1.11, replace the definition with “transversally post-tensioned laminated timber deck (3.1.10)”.

In development, currently at Enquiry stage
In 3.1.12, delete “laminated deck plate made of” and add “laminated timber deck (3.1.10)” to the end of the
sentence.
In 3.1.13, replace “used in a deck structure” with “directly subjected to traffic”. In the note to entry, replace
“Deck planks usually have clearances between each other” with “Usually there is a clearance between
adjacent deck planks”.
In Figure 3.2, replace the subfigures with the updated figures and add “P protection against penetration of
mixing water from fresh concrete” to the key.

In 3.1.15, in the example, replace “height” with “depth”.
In 3.2.2, for e, replace the definition with “distance between the centres of gravity of the timber and
concrete cross-sections”. For f , replace the definition with “minimum long-term residual compressive
sl,min
force due to tensioning between laminations, per unit length”.
In 3.2.4, add “α inclination of rainfall” to the top of the list. 3.2.4 Replace “ω” with “ω ” and add “upper
up,mean
limit of average” before “moisture content”. Replace “Δω” with “Δω ” and “variation of yearly moisture
content averaged over the cross section” with “variation of average moisture to calculate dimensional
changes of section”. Move γ after α, δ after γ and σ after μ .
1 (i) 1 fat,max,d (X)
6 Modification to Clause 4, “Basis of design”
In 4.1.2.2(1), add “structural” before two instances of “members” and delete “for protected timber bridges”.
In 4.1.2.2(2), replace “Service Class” with “service class” and delete “and Use Class (UC) 2”. In the note,
delete “; for use classes, see EN 335”.
In 4.1.2.2, add “(3) Protected members should be assigned to use class (UC) 2 maximum.
NOTE 1 For use classes, see EN 335.
NOTE 2 UC 1 can be achieved if sufficient ventilation is ensured, see EN 335:2013, Table A.1.”
In 4.1.2.4(2), delete the second instance of “shall be”.
In 4.1.2.4(3), replace “Further” with “Other”.
In 4.1.3(2), replace “of the bridge should ensure that in case the damage of a component due to accidental
actions occurs” with “should ensure that if a component is damaged or fails due to an accidental action”.
In NOTE 2, replace “The National Annex can define” with “Examples of” and “assessments. Examples of
such components” with “assessments,”.
Replace Table 4.2 with:
Smallest cross-
sectional
Structural members
dimension area
[mm] [mm ]
Load-bearing members made of structural ST,
FST, GL, BGL, CLT, SWP, GLVL or GST (with the
1 115 23 000
exception of trussed girders and beams in
a
timber decks)
2 Members made of PW or LVL 90 20 000
3 Individual members of trusses 40 4 800
Individual members of mechanically connected
4 30 3 600
composite members
Gusset plates and fish plates as well as webs
b
5 made of PW, LVL or GLVL (all with a minimum 12 —
of five layers)
Structural pavement made of a single layer of
c
6 30 —
solid wood
Structural pavement made of wood-based
7 20 —
panels (PW, LVL and GLVL)
a
Not intended for hardwoods with a grading class of not less than D50.
b
Minimum width of gusset plates and fish plates: 120 mm.
c
A wearing course according to Table 6.1 should be added to this value if necessary.
In 4.3.1(2), replace “prevented” with “considered”.
In 4.3.2, add “and variation” to the title.
In 4.3.2(1), replace “average yearly” with “upper limit of average” and “ω” with “ω ”. In NOTE 1,
up,mean
replace “ω ± 3 %” with “Δω ± 3 % per year”. In NOTE 2, delete “a” before “service class”.
”.
In 4.3.2(2), replace “ω” with “ωup,mean
In 4.3.3(1), replace the note with “See EN 1995-1-1:2025, Table 4.1.”.
Delete Table 4.3.
In 4.3.3(2), replace “fixed” with “constrained”.
7 Modification to Clause 5, “Materials”
In 5.1(1), add “(SC)” after “service class” and “(UC)” after “use class”. In NOTE 1, replace “Classes” with
“classes” and add “or part of a member” after “member”. In NOTE 2, replace “According to EN 1995-1-1,
CLT is limited to service classes SC 1 and SC 2.” with “For the applicability in a certain service class (SC)
see EN 1995-1-1:2025, Table 5.4.”
In 5.1(2), replace “narrow side glued” with “edge bonded”. In the note, replace “Narrow side glued” with
“Edge bonded” and “narrow side gluing” with “edge bonding”.
In 5.1(3), replace “funghi” with “fungi”.
In 5.4(4), add “in main structural members” after “Connections” and replace “to avoid” with “avoiding”.
8 Modification to Clause 6, “Durability”
In 6.1.1(3), in NOTE 2, replace “integral constructions” with “integral abutment bridges”.
In 6.1.1(5), replace “, such as through the use of:
— drainage holes for slotted-in plates;
— drip-off from steel plates away from the timber surface.” with an example:
EXAMPLE - Drilled holes for drainage of enclosed slotted-in plates;
- Extension of steel plates to ensure water drip-off away from the timber surface, see e.g.
key 1 in Figure D.5.
In 6.1.1(7), replace “verified in accordance with FprEN 1995-1-1:2025, 8.1.3 and 8.1.6” with “considered.
For large connections a verification in accordance with EN 1995-1-1:2025, 8.1.3 and 8.1.6 shall be made.”.
Add note “NOTE 1 Constrainment due to swelling and shrinkage can cause problems in connections.
Definition of large connections depend upon type of connector and expected moisture variations. For
protected members dowel-type connections greater than 60 cm perpendicular to grain can be considered
large.” and renumber the existing note “NOTE 2”.
In 6.1.1(8), delete the example. In the note, replace two instances of “Durability Class” with “durability class”
and add comma after “EN 350”.
In 6.1.1(10), replace “load-bearing deck” with “timber wearing surface”, “construction thickness of the
deck planks” with “calculated minimum construction thickness”, “determined as the sum of the statically
required thickness and” with “increased by” and “wear layer” with “wearing”.
In Table 6.1, add space before footnote a in the last column of the header row, delete footnote b and its
reference after “Footbridges” and renumber footnote c and its reference after “—“.
In 6.1.2(1), add “Protection of” at the beginning of the sentence. Replace “be designed” with “ensure
moisture content”. Add “(SC)” after “service class”. Delete “unless other measures are taken to ensure the
design service life”.
In 6.1.2(3), replace “rain shadow angle” with “inclination of rainfall α” and “shall” with “should”. In NOTE 1,
replace “of 30° minimum” with “α ≥ 30°”.
In 6.1.3(2), delete “measures”. Add note “NOTE For examples of appropriate geometry and adequate
spacing, see Figure D.4.”
In 6.2, replace “Management” with “management” in the title.
In 6.2.1(1), replace “rainwater” with “water”. In NOTE 2, replace “Rainwater” with “Water” and “rainwater
gutters” with “gutters”.
In 6.2.1(2), replace “Rainwater” with “Water”.
In 6.2.1(3), replace “Distances” with “The distance”, add “paved” before “ground” and delete “with hard
landscaping”.
In 6.2.1(4), in the NOTE, replace “hard landscaping” with “paved ground”.
In 6.2.1(5), replace “Distances” with “The distance” and “soft landscaping and distances to” with
“vegetation or”.
In 6.2.1(8), add note “NOTE See Annex D for examples. Critical areas with regard to protection against
weathering are as indicated in Figures D.4 and D.5.”
Delete 6.2.2(1) and renumber the subsequent paragraphs.
In 6.2.2(2), replace “open deck structures of pedestrian and road traffic bridges” with “not watertight
decks” and add “main” before “structural”.
In 6.2.2(7), in the NOTE, delete “or by a sealant between the timber and the concrete”.
In 6.3(2), in the NOTE, replace “Moisture” with “The amount of moisture that” and “by the use of the
bridge” with “to the bridge depends on the bridge type”.
In 6.3(6), replace “Additional protective measures shall be used w
...