EN 16165:2021
(Main)Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation
Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation
This document specifies test methods for determining the slip resistance of surfaces used by pedestrians.
NOTE It is also possible to use this document for measurements where persons might walk on trafficked areas.
Bestimmung der Rutschhemmung von Fußböden — Ermittlungsverfahren
Dieses Dokument legt Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Rutschhemmung von Oberflächen fest, die von Fußgängern benutzt werden.
ANMERKUNG Es ist auch möglich, dieses Dokument für Messungen anzuwenden, bei denen Personen möglicherweise auf befahrenen Flächen gehen.
Détermination de la résistance à la glissance des surfaces piétonnières - Méthodes d'évaluation
Le présent document spécifie des méthodes d’essai pour déterminer la résistance à la glissance des surfaces utilisées par des piétons.
NOTE Il est également possible d’utiliser le présent document pour les mesurages aux endroits où des personnes peuvent marcher sur des zones de circulation.
Ugotavljanje odpornosti talnih površin proti zdrsu - Metoda vrednotenja
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16165:2016
Ugotavljanje odpornosti talnih površin proti zdrsu - Metoda vrednotenja
Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation
Bestimmung des Gleitwiderstandes von Fußgängerbereichen - Ermittlungsverfahren
Détermination de la résistance à la glissance des surfaces piétonnières - Méthodes
d'évaluation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16165:2021
ICS:
17.040.20 Lastnosti površin Properties of surfaces
93.080.10 Gradnja cest Road construction
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 16165
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 17.040.20; 91.060.30; 93.080.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 16165:2016
English Version
Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces -
Methods of evaluation
Détermination de la résistance à la glissance des Bestimmung der Rutschhemmung von Fußböden -
surfaces piétonnières - Méthodes d'évaluation Ermittlungsverfahren
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 July 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16165:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
3.1 General terms . 5
3.2 Terms related to ramp tests . 6
3.3 Terms related to pendulum tests . 6
3.4 Terms related to tribometer tests . 6
4 Test methods . 7
Annex A (normative) Barefoot ramp test . 8
Annex B (normative) Shod ramp test . 14
Annex C (normative) Pendulum test . 21
Annex D (normative) Tribometer test . 46
Bibliography . 53
European foreword
This document (EN 16165:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 339 “Slip
resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2022, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TS 16165:2016.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
a) description of test surface used in the barefoot ramp test and the shod ramp test changed;
b) calibration procedure of the test device used in the barefoot ramp test changed;
c) angles of slip for the three standard surfaces used in the barefoot ramp test changed;
d) procedure for verification and correction in the barefoot ramp test changed;
e) description of the test procedure used in the barefoot ramp test changed;
f) description of test footwear used in the shod ramp test changed;
g) angles of slip for the three standard surfaces used in the shod ramp test changed;
h) information when slider pads and slider assemblies shall be re-prepared or discarded added to the
pendulum test;
i) description of the verification procedure used in the pendulum test and the tribometer test
changed;
j) Reference surfaces for pendulum test and tribometer tests were removed;
k) procedure for the preparation of sliders used in the tribometer test changed.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Introduction
This document describes four test methods commonly used in Europe for the determination of the slip
resistance of floorings.
The method in Annex A describes the test method based on the ramp using water as the test liquid and
with the operator barefoot. This method cannot be used in situ. It is referred to as the “Barefoot ramp
method”.
The method in Annex B describes the test method based on the ramp using oil as the test liquid and
with the operator wearing specified shoes. This method cannot be used in situ. It is referred to as the
“Shod ramp test”.
NOTE Oil is used as the test liquid to make the test more sensitive.
The method in Annex C describes the test method based on the pendulum in dry and wet conditions
using specified rubber sliders. This method can be used in situ. It is referred to as the “Pendulum test”.
The method in Annex D describes the test method based on the tribometer in dry and wet conditions
using specified rubber sliders. This method can be used in situ. It is referred to as the “Tribometer test”.
The purpose of this document is to harmonize the procedures used when using any of the above test
methods. It is not intended to promote any particular test method to Product Group Technical
Committees or to limit their choice.
The test methods given in this document cannot be compared with each other. The results can only be
compared with results that are obtained with the same test method.
1 Scope
This document specifies test methods for determining the slip resistance of surfaces used by
pedestrians.
NOTE It is also possible to use this document for measurements where persons might walk on trafficked
areas.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite — Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer
(Shore hardness) (ISO 868)
ISO 48-2, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness — Part 2: Hardness between
10 IRHD and 100 IRHD
ISO 48-4, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness — Part 4: Indentation
hardness by durometer method (Shore hardness)
ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic
method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method
ISO 5725-5, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 5: Alternative
methods for the determination of the precision of a standard measurement method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
pedestrian surface
surface which is designed for people to walk upon
3.1.2
test liquid
standardized liquid applied on the surface for the purpose of the test
3.1.3
friction
resistance to relative motion between two bodies in contact, e.g. the test slider or the footwear sole and
the pedestrian surface
Note 1 to entry: The frictional force is the force acting tangentially in the contact area.
3.1.4
slip
loss of traction which can cause the test persons to lose their footing
3.1.5
slip resistance
measure of dynamic friction between two surfaces in contact with or without the presence of a specified
test liquid
Note 1 to entry: The frictional force opposing movement of an object across a surface, usually with reference to
the sole (including the heel) of a shoe or to the barefoot contact area on a floor. Slip resistance of a pedestrian
surface is the property of the surface which counteracts the relative sliding movement.
3.2 Terms related to ramp tests
3.2.1
angle of slip
lowest angle of the inclined ramp at which the test person reaches the limit of safe walking when
slipping occurs
3.2.2
test person
person who walks on the test surface or standard surface
3.2.3
test walk
walk to determine a single angle of slip
3.3 Terms related to pendulum tests
3.3.1
pendulum test value
PTV
standardized value of the slip resistance as measure of the friction between the slider and the test
surface obtained with the pendulum friction tester which incorporates a slider manufactured of rubber
3.4 Terms related to tribometer tests
3.4.1
dynamic coefficient of friction
μ
quotient of the horizontal frictional force and the vertically acting force between the slider and the
horizontal surface during movement at a constant speed
3.4.2
sliding distance
distance over which the body is pulled during a single measurement
3.4.3
measuring distance
distance over which the sliding friction coefficient is determined
3.4.4
measurement series
series consisting of five single measurements on one measuring distance
4 Test methods
Carry out a test according to Annex A to Annex D. If tests are performed in the laboratory, the room
temperature should be (20 ± 5) °C unless otherwise stated.
Annex A
(normative)
Barefoot ramp test
A.1 Principle
Two bare-foot test persons are used to determine the angle of slip, while the pedestrian surface
material being tested is continuously coated with water containing a wetting agent. The test persons,
each in turn, facing down the ramp and with an upright posture, move forwards and backwards over
the test surface, as they increase their angle of inclination, until the safe limit of walking is reached and
a slip occurs. The mean angle of slip obtained is used to express the degree of slip resistance. Subjective
influences on the angle of slip are limited by means of a correction procedure.
A.2 Test equipment
A.2.1 Test apparatus with safety devices
The test device (Figure A.1) is a level and torsion-free platform of approximately 600 mm width and
2 000 mm length which can be adjusted longitudinally as a continuous movement to gradients from 0°
to approximately 45°. The lifting stroke is controlled by the test person. An angle indicator on the test
device shall show the platform tilt away from the horizontal plane at an accuracy of ± 0,2°. The test
apparatus shall be rigid such that the angle does not vary by more than ± 0,5° during the walking. The
display of the angle measurement system
...
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