FprEN 16165

Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation

This document specifies test methods for the determination of the slip resistance of surfaces in the most commonly encountered situations in which pedestrians walk.
NOTE   It is also possible to use this document for measurements where persons might walk on trafficked areas.

Bestimmung des Gleitwiderstandes von Fußgängerbereichen - Ermittlungsverfahren

Dieses Dokument legt Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung des Gleitwiderstands von Oberflächen für die am häufigsten auftretenden Situationen, in denen Fußgänger gehen, fest.
ANMERKUNG   Es ist auch möglich, dieses Dokument für Messungen anzuwenden, bei denen Personen möglicherweise auf Verkehrsflächen gehen.

Détermination de la résistance à la glissance des surfaces piétonnières - Méthodes d'évaluation

Le présent document spécifie les méthodes d’essai pour la détermination de la résistance à la glissance des surfaces sur lesquelles des piétons marchent dans les situations les plus courantes.
NOTE   Il est également possible d’utiliser le présent document pour les mesurages aux endroits où des personnes peuvent marcher sur des zones de circulation.

Ugotavljanje odpornosti talnih površin proti zdrsu - Metoda vrednotenja

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 17.040.20 - Properties of surfaces
• ICS: 91.060.30 - Ceilings. Floors. Stairs
• ICS: 93.080.10 - Road construction
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 339 - Slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 339 - Slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation
• Current Stage: 6055 - CEN Ratification completed (DOR) - Publishing
• Due Date: 25-Jul-2021
• Completion Date: 25-Jul-2021
• Directive: 305/2011 - Regulation (eu) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 march 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing council directive 89/106/eec
• Mandate: M/127 - Mandate to CEN/CENELEC concerning the execution of standardization work for harmonized standards on construction adhesives
• Ref Project: kSIST FprEN 16165:2021 - Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation

RELATIONS

• Revised: CEN/TS 16165:2016 - Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation
• Effective Date: 19-Sep-2018

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 16165:2020
01-junij-2020
Ugotavljanje odpornosti talnih površin proti zdrsu - Metoda vrednotenja
Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation
Bestimmung des Gleitwiderstandes von Fußgängerbereichen - Ermittlungsverfahren

Détermination de la résistance à la glissance des surfaces piétonnières - Méthodes

d'évaluation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 16165
ICS:
17.040.20 Lastnosti površin Properties of surfaces
93.080.10 Gradnja cest Road construction
oSIST prEN 16165:2020 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 16165:2020
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 16165
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2020
ICS 17.040.20; 91.060.30; 93.080.10 Will supersede CEN/TS 16165:2016
English Version
Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces -
Methods of evaluation

Détermination de la résistance à la glissance des Bestimmung des Gleitwiderstandes von

surfaces piétonnières - Méthodes d'évaluation Fußgängerbereichen - Ermittlungsverfahren

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 339.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 16165:2020 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 5

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 6

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 7

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 7

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 7

3.1 General terms ................................................................................................................................................... 7

3.2 Terms related to ramp tests ........................................................................................................................ 8

3.3 Terms related to pendulum tests .............................................................................................................. 8

3.4 Terms related to tribometer tests ............................................................................................................ 8

4 Test methods .................................................................................................................................................... 9

Annex A (normative) Barefoot ramp test ........................................................................................................... 10

A.1 Principle .......................................................................................................................................................... 10

A.2 Test equipment ............................................................................................................................................. 10

A.2.1 Test apparatus............................................................................................................................................... 10

A.2.2 Test surface .................................................................................................................................................... 11

A.2.3 Contaminant ................................................................................................................................................... 12

A.3 Calibration of the test device ................................................................................................................... 12

A.4 Selecting and checking of the test persons ......................................................................................... 12

A.5 Test procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 13

A.6 Evaluation ....................................................................................................................................................... 14

A.7 Test report ...................................................................................................................................................... 15

Annex B (normative) Shod ramp test ................................................................................................................... 16

B.1 Principle .......................................................................................................................................................... 16

B.2 Test equipment ............................................................................................................................................. 16

B.2.1 Test apparatus with safety devices ........................................................................................................ 16

B.2.2 Test surface .................................................................................................................................................... 17

B.2.3 Contaminant ................................................................................................................................................... 18

B.2.4 Test footwear ................................................................................................................................................. 18

B.3 Calibration ...................................................................................................................................................... 18

B.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 18

B.3.2 Validation of the test person .................................................................................................................... 19

B.4 Test procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 20

B.5 Evaluation ....................................................................................................................................................... 21

B.6 Test report ...................................................................................................................................................... 22

Annex C (normative) Pendulum test .................................................................................................................... 23

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C.1 Principle ........................................................................................................................................................... 23

C.2 Apparatus ........................................................................................................................................................ 23

C.2.1 Pendulum friction tester ............................................................................................................................ 23

C.2.2 Additional items required for testing ................................................................................................... 28

C.3 Preparation ..................................................................................................................................................... 28

C.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 28

C.3.2 Preparation of the slider ............................................................................................................................ 30

C.3.3 Small units ....................................................................................................................................................... 32

C.3.4 Flatness of the surface ................................................................................................................................ 32

C.3.5 Profiled surfaces ........................................................................................................................................... 32

C.4 Verification ..................................................................................................................................................... 32

C.5 Conducting the test ...................................................................................................................................... 33

C.5.1 Procedure ........................................................................................................................................................ 33

C.5.2 Checking for error ........................................................................................................................................ 34

C.5.3 Calculating the pendulum test value (PTV) ......................................................................................... 34

C.6 Pendulum measurements on site, additional information ........................................................... 35

C.7 Test report ...................................................................................................................................................... 36

C.8 Pendulum scale dimensions ..................................................................................................................... 37

C.9 Calibration procedure for the pendulum friction tester ................................................................ 39

C.9.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 39

C.9.2 Pre-calibration verification ...................................................................................................................... 39

C.9.3 Detailed condition check ........................................................................................................................... 39

C.9.4 Checking/setting the centre of gravity of the pendulum arm and slider assembly ............. 40

C.9.5 Checking/setting the effective spring tension ................................................................................... 42

C.9.6 Checking/setting the slider force/deflection characteristics ...................................................... 44

C.9.7 Checking/setting the levelness of the frame ...................................................................................... 45

C.9.8 Final calibration ............................................................................................................................................ 46

C.9.9 Calibration report and marking (external calibration).................................................................. 46

Annex D (normative) Tribometer test ................................................................................................................. 48

D.1 Principle ........................................................................................................................................................... 48

D.2 Apparatus and test equipment ................................................................................................................ 48

D.2.1 Apparatus ........................................................................................................................................................ 48

D.3 Test equipment .............................................................................................................................................. 49

D.4 Verification and checking .......................................................................................................................... 50

D.4.1 Verification of the load cell ....................................................................................................................... 50

D.4.2 Verification of the slider material and test apparatus .................................................................... 50

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D.5 Preparation of the test surface area for laboratory tests .............................................................. 51

D.6 Preparation of the test surface for on-site tests ............................................................................... 51

D.7 Preparation of the sliders ......................................................................................................................... 52

D.8 Procedure........................................................................................................................................................ 52

D.9 Calculation and expression of results ................................................................................................... 53

D.10 Test report ...................................................................................................................................................... 53

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 54

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European foreword

This document (prEN 16165:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 339 “Slip

resistance of pedestrian surfaces - Methods of evaluation”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede CEN/TS 16165:2016.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:

a) description of test surface used in the barefoot ramp test and the shod ramp test changed;

b) calibration procedure of the test device used in the barefoot ramp test changed:

c) procedure for selecting and checking of test persons used in the barefoot ramp test changed;

d) description of the test procedure used in the barefoot ramp test changed:
e) description of test footwear used in the shod ramp test changed;

f) acceptance angles for the three standard surfaces used in the shod ramp test changed;

g) information when slider pads and slider assemblies shall be re-prepared or discarded added to the

pendulum test;
h) description of the verifaction procedure used in the pendulum test changed;
i) float glass plate removed as reference surface used in the tribometer test;

j) description of the verification of the slider material and test apparatus used in the tribometer test

changed;

k) description of the procedures for the preparation of test surfaces and sliders used in the tribometer

test changed.
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Introduction

This document describes four test methods commonly used in Europe for the determination of the slip

resistance of floorings.

The method in Annex A describes the test method based on the ramp using water as the contaminant

and with the operator barefoot. This method cannot be used in situ. It is referred to as the “Barefoot

ramp method”.

The method in Annex B describes the test method based on the ramp using oil as the contaminant and

with the operator wearing specified shoes. This method cannot be used in situ. It is referred to as the

“Shod ramp test”.
NOTE Oil is used as the contaminant to make the test more sensitive.

The method in Annex C describes the test method based on the pendulum in dry and wet conditions

using specified rubber sliders. This method can be used in situ. It is referred to as the “Pendulum test”.

The method in Annex D describes the test method based on the tribometer in dry and wet conditions

using specified rubber sliders. This method can be used in situ. It is referred to as the “Tribometer test”.

The purpose of this document is to harmonize the procedures used when using any of the above test

methods. It is not intended to promote any particular test method to Product Group Technical

Committees or to limit their choice.
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1 Scope

This document specifies test methods for the determination of the slip resistance of surfaces in the most

commonly encountered situations in which pedestrians walk.

NOTE It is also possible to use this document for measurements where persons might walk on trafficked

areas.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 438-4, High-pressure decorative laminates (HPL) — Sheets based on thermosetting resins (usually

called laminates) — Part 4: Classification and specifications for compact laminates of thickness 2 mm and

greater

EN ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite — Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer

(Shore hardness) (ISO 868)

ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic

method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method

ISO 5725-5, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 5: Alternative

methods for the determination of the precision of a standard measurement method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
pedestrian surface
surface which is designed for people to walk upon
3.1.2
contaminant

material on the surface which is not an inherent part of the surface and which can affect the frictional

properties of that surface
3.1.3
friction

resistance to relative motion between two bodies in contact, e.g. the test slider or the footwear sole and

the pedestrian surface

Note 1 to entry: The frictional force is the force acting tangentially in the contact area.

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3.1.4
slip
loss of traction which can cause the test persons to lose their footing
3.1.5
slip resistance

measure of dynamic friction between two surfaces in contact with or without the presence of a specified

contaminant

Note 1 to entry: The frictional force opposing movement of an object across a surface, usually with reference to

the sole (including the heel) of a shoe or to the barefoot contact area on a floor. Slip resistance of a pedestrian

surface is the property of the surface which limits the relative sliding movement.

3.2 Terms related to ramp tests
3.2.1
angle of slip

lowest angle of the inclined ramp at which the test person reaches the limit of safe walking when

slipping occurs
3.2.2
test person
person who walks on the test surface or calibration surface
3.2.3
test walk
walk to determine a single angle of slip
3.3 Terms related to pendulum tests
3.3.1
pendulum test value
PTV

standardized value of the slip resistance as measure of the friction between the slider and the test

surface obtained with the pendulum friction tester which incorporates a slider manufactured of rubber

3.4 Terms related to tribometer tests
3.4.1
dynamic coefficient of friction

quotient of the horizontal frictional force and the vertically acting force between the slider and the

horizontal surface during movement at a constant speed
3.4.2
sliding distance
distance over which the body is pulled during a single measurement
3.4.3
measuring distance
distance over which the sliding friction coefficient is determined
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3.4.4
measurement series
series consisting of five single measurements on one measuring distance
4 Test methods

Carry out a test according to Annex A to Annex D. If tests are performed in the laboratory the room

temperature should be (20 ± 5) °C unless otherwise stated.
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Annex A
(normative)
Barefoot ramp test
A.1 Principle

Two bare-foot test persons are used to determine the angle of slip, after the pedestrian surface material

being tested has been continuously coated with water containing a wetting agent. The test persons,

each in turn, facing downhill and with an upright posture, move forwards and backwards over the test

surface, as they increase their angle of inclination, until the safe limit of walking is reached and a slip

occurs. The mean angle of slip obtained is used to express the degree of slip resistance. Subjective

influences on the angle of slip are limited by means of a calibration procedure.
A.2 Test equipment
A.2.1 Test apparatus

The test device (Figure A.1) is a level and torsion-free platform of approximately 600 mm width and

2 000 mm length which can be adjusted longitudinally as a continuous movement to gradients from 0°

to approximately 45°. The lifting stroke is controlled by the test person. An angle indicator on the test

device shall show the platform tilt away from the horizontal plane at an accuracy of ± 0,2°. The test

apparatus shall be rigid such that the angle does not vary by more than ± 0,5° during the walking. The

display of the angle measurement system shall be fixed in such a way that the test person cannot read it

during the test. The test person is safeguarded by railings along the sides and protected from falling by

a safety harness which shall not cause a hindrance to the test person when walking on the pedestrian

surface material under test.
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Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 safety harness and fall arrest system
2 drive unit

3 inclinable walkway area on which the test surface or verification/calibration surface is fixed

4 angle indicator
Figure A.1 — Example of a typical test apparatus
A.2.2 Test surface

The test surface area shall have a minimum length of 1 000 mm and a minimum width of 400 mm. The

test surface shall be clean. The test surface shall be either self-supporting, or securely mounted on a

suitable flat surface.

If the slip resistance differs depending on the direction of walking, then it will be necessary to

determine the direction of lowest slip resistance. It is recommended that tests are carried out in at least

two directions (longitudinally and laterally) to establish whether there is directionality of the slip

resistance of the sample. Once a lack of directionality has been established, it is acceptable to test in a

single direction. If the test surface is produced by the customer, he is responsible that the direction of

the lowest slip resistance is mounted in the longitudinal direction of the test surface.

Materials designed to be used in one direction should be tested in the direction of slip of the intended

use.
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A.2.3 Contaminant

Aqueous solution of a low foaming non-ionic surfactant such as LS45 (CAS-No. 68439-51-0) in a

concentration of 1 g/l (aqueous solution: 0,1 % LS45 in water) shall be used as the contaminant. Prior

to and during testing the aqueous solution shall be applied at (6,0 ± 1,0) l/min using appropriate jets so

as to form a largely uniform spray of contaminant across the test specimen. The temperature range of

the solution shall be in between (29,0 ± 2,0) °C.
The contaminant may only be used once and shall not be re-circulated.
A.3 Calibration of the test device

The inclination of the inclinable walkway surface shall be calibrated annually and checked periodically.

When testing barefoot the standard surfaces can become contaminated with body fats/oils. This may

affect the performance of the surface. It is important to know, when calibrating or checking that any

changes in the surface are due to wear or the operator and not contamination and it is recommended

that the surfaces are thoroughly and properly cleaned before use.
A.4 Selecting and checking of the test persons

The test persons shall be qualified and trained for the test (e.g. gait, walking speed, skin condition). This

shall be checked with the following procedure.

Three standard surfaces, St-A, St-B and St-C, are used for the process. The angle of slip (α) of these

surfaces are given in Table A.1 and are specified as acceptance angles α , α and α of the three

S,St-A S,St-B S,St-C

standard surfaces. The critical differences of CrD are determined for the three standard surfaces for a

significance level of 95 % from the comparison and repetition limits according to ISO 5725-2 or

ISO 5725-5.

NOTE The critical difference of CrD95 indicates the spreading of measured values during measurements on

the same object at various test locations, or coincidental deviations during repeated measurements at the same

test location.

Table A.1 — Angle of slip and critical difference values of the three standard surfaces

Standard surface α CrD
S,i 95
St-A 12,4° 3,9°
St-B 20,9° 4,3°
St-C 26,7° 4,4°

Each test person j shall walk according to A.5, a) to l) on each standard surface four times and the

average calibration values are determined out of the last three values:
ααα;;
Q,,St−−−A j Q,,St B j Q,St C, j
For each test-person the individual differences according to Formula (A.1):
∆α α−α (A.1)
ij, S,i Q,,ij
(i = St-A, St-B and St-C)
are calculated and result in Formula (A.2):
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∆α ∆α ∆α (A.2)
St− A, j St−B,,j St−C j
∆α ; ∆α ; ∆α

If each of the individual differences are inside of the critical differences the

St−−−A, j St B, j St C, j

test person is qualified for the test. The test person shall be rejected if the condition in Formula (A.3) is

met.
|∆α |> CrD (see Table A.1) (A.3)
ij, 95

This qualification test shall be carried out periodically, at least every 2 months.

The qualification test should not be carried out on every test day.
A.5 Test procedure

a) The test surface shall be mounted on the test device so that the direction of the lowest slip

resistance properties is in the direction of walking movement. For determining the slip resistance

characteristics of surfaces with directional surface profiles or texture, see A.2.2.

b) The test surface (see A.2.2) shall be clean.

c) The test person shall soak their feet in water containing the contaminant for ten minutes before

starting the test.

d) The test person shall put on the harness (see A.2.1). The test person shall then attach to the fall

arrest system (see A.2.1).
e) The test person shall mount the ramp (which shall be set to the
...