EN 12102-1:2022
(Main)Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages, heat pumps, process chillers and dehumidifiers with electrically driven compressors - Determination of the sound power level - Part 1: Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages, heat pumps for space heating and cooling, dehumidifiers and process chillers
Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages, heat pumps, process chillers and dehumidifiers with electrically driven compressors - Determination of the sound power level - Part 1: Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages, heat pumps for space heating and cooling, dehumidifiers and process chillers
This document establishes requirements for determining, in accordance with a standardized procedure, the sound power level emitted into the surrounding air by air conditioners, heat pumps, liquid chilling packages with electrically driven compressors when used for space heating and/or cooling, and/or for process, as described in the prEN 14511 series, and dehumidifiers, as described in EN 810.
This document also covers the measurement of the sound power level of evaporatively cooled condenser air conditioners, as defined in EN 15218. However, the measurement will be done without external water feeding and these units will thus be considered as the other air conditioners covered by the prEN 14511 series.
It is emphasized that this measurement standard only refers to airborne noise.
Luftkonditionierer, Flüssigkeitskühlsätze, Wärmepumpen, Prozesskühler und Entfeuchter mit elektrisch angetriebenen Verdichtern - Bestimmung des Schallleistungspegels - Teil 1: Luftkonditionierer, Flüssigkeitskühlsätze, Wärmepumpen zur Raumbeheizung und -kühlung, Entfeuchter und Prozesskühler
Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen fest, nach denen der von Luftkonditionierern, Wärmepumpen und Flüssigkeitskühlsätzen mit elektrisch angetriebenen Verdichtern zur Raumbeheizung und/oder -kühlung und/oder Prozesskühlern nach der Normenreihe prEN 14511 und Entfeuchtern nach EN 810, an die umgebende Luft abgegebene Schallleistungspegel nach einem genormten Verfahren ermittelt wird.
Dieses Dokument behandelt auch die Messung des Schallleistungspegels von Luftkonditionierern mit verdunstungsgekühltem Verflüssiger nach EN 15218. Die Messung wird jedoch ohne Wasserzuleitung von außen durchgeführt; diese Geräte werden daher wie die sonstigen in der Normenreihe prEN 14511 behandelten Luftkonditionierer betrachtet.
Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass sich diese Messnorm ausschließlich auf den Luftschall bezieht.
Climatiseurs, groupes refroidisseurs de liquide, pompes à chaleur, refroidisseurs industriels et déshumidificateurs avec compresseur entraîné par moteur électrique - Détermination du niveau de puissance acoustique - Partie 1 : Climatiseurs, groupes refroidisseurs de liquide, pompes à chaleur pour le chauffage et le refroidissement, déshumidificateurs et refroidisseurs industriels
Le présent document établit les exigences de détermination, suivant un mode opératoire normalisé, du niveau de puissance acoustique émis dans l’air environnant par les climatiseurs, pompes à chaleur ou groupes refroidisseurs de liquide avec compresseur entraîné par moteur électrique, lorsqu’ils sont utilisés pour le chauffage et/ou le refroidissement d’un espace, pour le et/ou les refroidisseurs industriels, comme décrit dans la série prEN 14511, et par les déshumidificateurs comme décrits par l'EN 810.
Le présent document couvre également le mesurage du niveau de puissance acoustique des climatiseurs à condenseur refroidi par évaporation, comme défini dans l’EN 15218. Cependant, le mesurage est réalisé sans alimentation d’eau externe et ces appareils seront alors considérés comme les autres climatiseurs couverts par la série prEN 14511.
Il est souligné que la présente norme de mesure se réfère uniquement au bruit aérien.
Klimatske naprave, enote za hlajenje kapljevine, toplotne črpalke, procesne hladilne naprave in razvlaževalniki z električnimi kompresorji - Določanje ravni zvočne moči - 1. del: Klimatske naprave, enote za hlajenje kapljevine, toplotne črpalke za ogrevanje in hlajenje prostora, razvlaževalniki in procesne hladilne naprave
Ta evropski standard v skladu s standardiziranim postopkom določa zahteve za določanje ravni zvočne moči, ki jo v okoljski zrak oddajajo klimatske naprave, toplotne črpalke, enote za tekočinsko hlajenje z električnimi kompresorji, kadar se ti uporabljajo za hlajenje in/ali ogrevanje prostora, in/ali za postopek, kakor je opisano v skupini standardov EN 14511, in sušilnike zraka, kakor je opisano v standardu EN 810.
Ta evropski standard zajema tudi merjenje ravni zvočne moči klimatskih naprav s kondenzatorjem, ohlajenim z izhlapevanjem, kakor je opisano v standardu EN 15218. Meritev se opravi brez zunanjega dotoka vode in te enote bodo torej obravnavane kot druge klimatske naprave, zajete v skupni standardov EN 14511.
Poudariti je treba, da se ta standard za merjenje navezuje zgolj na hrup, ki se prenaša po zraku.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 12102-1:2018
Klimatske naprave, enote za hlajenje kapljevine, toplotne črpalke, procesne
hladilne naprave in razvlaževalniki z električnimi kompresorji - Določanje ravni
zvočne moči - 1. del: Klimatske naprave, enote za hlajenje kapljevine, toplotne
črpalke za ogrevanje in hlajenje prostora, razvlaževalniki in procesne hladilne
naprave
Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages, heat pumps, process chillers and dehumidifiers
with electrically driven compressors - Determination of the sound power level - Part 1: Air
conditioners, liquid chilling packages, heat pumps for space heating and cooling,
dehumidifiers and process chillers
Luftkonditionierer, Flüssigkeitskühlsätze, Wärmepumpen, Prozesskühler und Entfeuchter
mit elektrisch angetriebenen Verdichtern - Bestimmung des Schallleistungspegels - Teil
1: Luftkonditionierer, Flüssigkeitskühlsätze, Wärmepumpen zur Raumbeheizung und -
kühlung, Entfeuchter und Prozesskühler
Climatiseurs, groupes refroidisseurs de liquide, pompes à chaleur, refroidisseurs
industriels et déshumidificateurs avec compresseur entraîné par moteur électrique -
Détermination du niveau de puissance acoustique - Partie 1 : climatiseurs, groupes
refroidisseurs de liquide, pompes à chaleur pour le chauffage et le refroidissement,
déshumidificateurs et refroidisseurs industriels
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12102-1:2022
ICS:
17.140.20 Emisija hrupa naprav in Noise emitted by machines
opreme and equipment
27.080 Toplotne črpalke Heat pumps
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 12102-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 17.140.20; 27.080 Supersedes EN 12102-1:2017
English Version
Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages, heat pumps,
process chillers and dehumidifiers with electrically driven
compressors - Determination of the sound power level -
Part 1: Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages, heat
pumps for space heating and cooling, dehumidifiers and
process chillers
Climatiseurs, groupes refroidisseurs de liquide, Luftkonditionierer, Flüssigkeitskühlsätze,
pompes à chaleur, refroidisseurs industriels et Wärmepumpen, Prozesskühler und Entfeuchter mit
déshumidificateurs avec compresseur entraîné par elektrisch angetriebenen Verdichtern - Bestimmung
moteur électrique - Détermination du niveau de des Schallleistungspegels - Teil 1: Luftkonditionierer,
puissance acoustique - Partie 1 : Climatiseurs, groupes Flüssigkeitskühlsätze, Wärmepumpen zur
refroidisseurs de liquide, pompes à chaleur pour le Raumbeheizung und kühlung, Entfeuchter und
chauffage et le refroidissement, déshumidificateurs et Prozesskühler
refroidisseurs industriels
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 May 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12102-1:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 7
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols, subscripts and units . 9
3.2.1 General . 9
3.2.2 Non ducted units . 9
3.2.3 Ducted units . 9
4 General approach . 10
5 Measuring instruments . 11
6 Operation of the unit . 12
7 Installation of the unit . 14
7.1 General . 14
7.2 Ducted units . 14
7.2.1 Installation . 14
7.2.2 Duct end correction . 15
7.2.3 Bend correction . 16
7.2.4 Pressure and airflow measurements . 16
7.2.5 Casing radiated test . 17
7.3 Wall mounted units . 17
7.4 Ceiling mounted units. 17
7.5 Window-type units . 17
7.6 Multisplit systems . 17
7.7 Single duct units . 18
7.7.1 Noise radiated by the casing . 18
7.7.2 Noise from duct outlet . 18
8 Acoustic measurement methods . 19
8.1 Frequency range . 19
8.2 Method selection . 19
8.2.1 General . 19
8.2.2 Target of measurement . 19
8.3 Diffuse field methods . 20
8.3.1 General . 20
8.3.2 Non ducted units . 20
8.3.3 Ducted units . 20
8.4 Installation of the free field over a reflecting plane method . 21
8.4.1 General . 21
8.4.2 Reference surface . 21
8.4.3 Measuring surface . 21
9 Uncertainty of measurement results . 23
10 Test report . 24
10.1 General . 24
10.2 Unit specification . 24
10.3 Operating conditions, installation and environmental conditions . 24
10.4 Measurement instruments . 24
10.5 Measured values and results . 24
Annex A (normative) Specific measurement for staged or variable capacity units . 26
A.1 General requirements . 26
A.2 Test mode . 26
A.3 Measurements process for variable capacity units . 26
A.4 Additional requirements applying to Ecodesign and Energy labelling regulations . 26
A.4.1 Test conditions . 26
A.4.2 Variable capacity units . 26
A.4.3 Staged capacity units . 27
Annex B (informative) Typical configurations of air conditioners and heat pumps. 28
B.1 General . 28
B.2 Air-to-air units . 28
B.3 Air-to-water(brine) units . 30
B.4 Water(brine)-to-water(brine) units . 31
B.5 Water(brine)-to-air units . 31
Annex C (normative) Sound power lever of indoor units of water-to-air and air-to-air
multisplit heat pumps and air conditioners . 33
C.1 General . 33
C.2 Operation of the indoor unit . 33
C.3 Configurations and measurements . 34
C.3.1 Non ducted indoor units . 34
C.3.2 Ducted indoor units . 34
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the ecodesign
requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 206/2012 aimed to be covered . 35
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the energy
labelling requirements of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 626/2011
aimed to be covered . 36
Annex ZC (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the ecodesign
requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 813/2013 aimed to be covered . 37
Annex ZD (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the energy
labelling requirements of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 811/2013
aimed to be covered . 38
Annex ZE (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the ecodesign
requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/2281 aimed to be covered . 39
Bibliography . 41
European foreword
This document (EN 12102-1:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 113 “Heat
pumps and air conditioning units”, the secretariat of which is held by UNE.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2023, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by January 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12102-1:2017.
The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below:
— update of Annex A regarding specific measurement for staged or variable capacity units;
— addition of Annex C describing the sound power lever of indoor units of water-to-air and air-to-air
heat pumps and air conditioners;
— addition of Annex ZE relating to Commission Regulation (EU) No 2016/2281 aimed to be covered.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive(s) / Regulation(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s) / Regulation(s), see informative Annexes ZA, ZB, ZC, ZD and ZE
which are integral parts of this document.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
This document offers ways to determine the sound power level of air conditioners, liquid chilling
packages, heat pumps, and dehumidifiers with electrically driven compressors. Some of them are
specifically adapted to provide results with low uncertainties, by using laboratory class acoustic methods
and highly controlled operating conditions. Those measurements are suitable for certification, labelling
and marking purposes.
In some cases, the target and/or the environment of the measurements do not allow such precision-class
methods. This document also offers ways to assess sound power levels with acceptable accuracy even
though acoustic methods and/or operating conditions are not laboratory-type, e.g. in situ or quality
control measurements.
1 Scope
This document establishes requirements for determining, in accordance with a standardized procedure,
the sound power level emitted into the surrounding air by air conditioners, heat pumps, liquid chilling
packages with electrically driven compressors when used for space heating and/or cooling, and/or for
process, as described in the prEN 14511 series, and dehumidifiers, as described in EN 810.
This document also covers the measurement of the sound power level of evaporatively cooled condenser
air conditioners, as specified in EN 15218. However, the measurement will be done without external
water feeding and these units will thus be considered as the other air conditioners covered by the
prEN 14511 series.
It is emphasized that this measurement standard only refers to airborne noise.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 810:1997, Dehumidifiers with electrically driven compressors - Rating tests, marking, operational
requirements and technical data sheet
prEN 14511-1:2021, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps for space heating and
cooling and process chillers, with electrically driven compressors - Part 1: Terms and definitions
prEN 14511-3:2021, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps for space heating and
cooling and process chillers, with electrically driven compressors - Part 3: Test methods
prEN 14825:2020, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps, with electrically driven
compressors, for space heating and cooling - Testing and rating at part load conditions and calculation of
seasonal performance
EN 15218:2013, Air conditioners and liquid chilling packages with evaporatively cooled condenser and with
electrically driven compressors for space cooling - Terms, definitions, test conditions, test methods and
requirements
prEN 16583:2020, Heat exchangers - Hydronic room fan coils units - Determination of the sound power
level
EN ISO 3740:2019, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources - Guidelines for the use
of basic standards (ISO 3740:2019)
EN ISO 3741:2010, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources
using sound pressure - Precision methods for reverberation test rooms (ISO 3741:2010)
EN ISO 3743-1:2010, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise
sources using sound pressure - Engineering methods for small movable sources in reverberant fields - Part
1: Comparison method for a hard-walled test room (ISO 3743-1:2010)
EN ISO 3743-2:2019, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure
- Engineering methods for small, movable sources in reverberant fields - Part 2: Methods for special
reverberation test rooms (ISO 3743-2:2018)
EN ISO 3744:2010, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources
using sound pressure - Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
(ISO 3744:2010)
EN ISO 3745:2012, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise
sources using sound pressure - Precision methods for anechoic rooms and hemi-anechoic rooms
(ISO 3745:2012)
EN ISO 3746:2010, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources
using sound pressure - Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane
(ISO 3746:2010)
EN ISO 3747:2010, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources
using sound pressure - Engineering/survey methods for use in situ in a reverberant environment
(ISO 3747:2010)
EN ISO 5136:2009, Acoustics - Determination of sound power radiated into a duct by fans and other air-
moving devices - In-duct method (ISO 5136:2003)
EN ISO 9614-1:2009, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity
- Part 1: Measurement at discrete points (ISO 9614-1:1993)
EN ISO 9614-2:1996, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity
- Part 2: Measurement by scanning (ISO 9614-2:1996)
EN ISO 9614-3:2009, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity
- Part 3: Precision method for measurement by scanning (ISO 9614-3:2002)
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions and symbols given in prEN 14511-1:2021,
prEN 14825:2020, EN 15218:2013, EN 810:1997, EN ISO 9614-1:2009, EN ISO 9614-2:1996,
EN ISO 9614-3:2009, EN ISO 3740:2019, EN ISO 3741:2010, EN ISO 3743-1:2010, EN ISO 3743-2:2019,
EN ISO 3744:2010, EN ISO 3745:2012, EN ISO 3746:2010 and EN ISO 3747:2010 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
Document impacted by A1:2017.
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
sound power level
LW
required value, sound power level, as calculated with Formula (1):
P
L = 10lg dB
W
P
(1)
where
P is the sound power, expressed in W;
P is the reference sound power = 1 pW
Note 1 to entry: This definition is technically in accordance with ISO 80000-8:2020.
Note 2 to entry: Expressed in dB.
3.1.2
A-weighted sound power level
L
WA
overall A-weighted sound power level
Note 1 to entry: Expressed in dB(A).
3.2 Symbols, subscripts and units
3.2.1 General
The symbols, subscripts and units are given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Symbols, subscripts and units
Denomination Unit
Symbol/Subscript
L sound power level dB
W
L A-weighted sound power level dB(A)
WA
c speed of sound in air m/s
D diameter of the duct mm
D greater size width of the duct mm
W
T dry bulb temperature °C
f centre frequency band Hz
S area of the duct opening in the room m
Ω solid of the radiation path from the test opening —
W sound power —
W reference sound power —
i indoor side of units —
o outdoor side of units —
d in duct —
3.2.2 Non ducted units
L sound power level radiated by the indoor side.
Wi
L sound power level radiated by the outdoor side.
Wo
3.2.3 Ducted units
For ducted unit, the required value is the sound power level travelling into the duct. It is assessed from
the sound power level radiated by the air outlet opening of the duct, corrected by the duct end correction
E (see 7.2.2).
L sound power level travelling into the (discharge or suction) duct.
Wd
For the case of a ducted indoor side of a split unit:
L sound power level travelling into the (discharge or suction) duct of indoor unit.
Wdi
For the case of a ducted unit on the outdoor side:
L sound power travelling into the (discharge or suction) duct of outdoor unit.
Wdo
The sound radiated by the casing of the unit does not require any specific suffix. Use the same symbols as
in 3.2.1 to specify which unit is concerned, indoor or outdoor side.
4 General approach
This document gives two classes of measurements and results, according to the test environment:
— Class A measurements correspond to controlled operating conditions (standard or application rating
conditions). It is obtained by respecting the tolerances of Table 2 and is intended to be used for the
conformity to requirements of:
— Commission Regulation (EC) No 206/2012 of 6 March 2012 implementing Directive
2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign
requirements for air conditioners;
— Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 811/2013 of 18 February 2013 supplementing
Directive 2010/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the energy
labelling of space heaters, combination heaters, packages of space heater, temperature control
and solar device and packages of combination heater, temperature control and solar device;
— Commission Regulation (EU) No 813/2013 of 2 August 2013 implementing Directive
2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign
requirements for space heaters and combination heaters.
— Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 626/2011 of 4 May 2011 supplementing Directive
2010/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to energy labelling of
air conditioners.
— Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/2281 of 30 November 2016 implementing Directive
2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the
setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products, with regard to ecodesign
requirements for air heating products, cooling products, high temperature process chillers and
fan coil units.
— Class B measurements correspond to the case where the range obtained by the tolerances of Table 2
cannot be fulfilled.
In both classes, precision or engineering class acoustic methods need to be applied. The choice of the
acoustic measurement method is done in accordance with EN ISO 3740 and the EN ISO 9614 series
depending on the type of surrounding acoustic fields (diffuse or free field, enclosed or open space), and
the available instrumentation. The reference of acoustic standard needs to be reported with explicit
mention of its accuracy class, whatever the current operating conditions.
The use of EN ISO 3746 and EN ISO 3747 as survey grade methods is not recommended due to the high
level of uncertainties. Their use is only allowed for non-controlled environments when they fulfil the
engineering grade requirement.
Three methods for determining the sound power levels are specified in order to avoid unduly restricting
existing facilities and experience:
— the first methodology is based on reverberation room measurement (see EN ISO 3741 and the
EN ISO 3743 series);
— the second method is based on measurements in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (see
EN ISO 3744 and EN ISO 3745);
— the third method is based on sound intensity measurement (see the EN ISO 9614 series) preferably
in a free field environment.
The necessity to maintain the test conditions obviously leads to recommend test methods implemented
in acoustically designed (enclosed) spaces, such as EN ISO 3741, the EN ISO 3743 series, EN ISO 3745 and
also the EN ISO 9614 series when implemented in an enclosed space.
The open spaces will be used only in specific cases, e.g. when the size or the capacity of the unit under
test cannot be managed by standard test rooms. Suitable test methods are EN ISO 3744 and the
EN ISO 9614 series.
NOTE Intensity measurement methods are quite robust and are well suited for tests to be done in
environments without or with a light acoustic treatment (the better the acoustic treatment, the easier the
implementation).
5 Measuring instruments
The instruments used for measuring and evaluation shall comply with the requirements of the standards
appropriate to the test method used, from acoustic and capacity points of view.
To comply with Class A measurements, the necessary instruments to control the operating conditions
shall fulfil the requirements of Table 2.
Table 2 — Uncertainties of measurement for indicated values
Measured quantity Unit Uncertainty of measurement
Liquid
- temperature inlet/outlet °C ±0,3 K
- volume flow m /s ±3 %
- static pressure difference kPa ±2 kPa (ΔP ≤ 20 kPa)
or ± 8 % (ΔP > 20 kPa)
Air
- dry bulb temperature °C ±0,5 K
- wet bulb temperature °C ±0,8 K
- static pressure difference Pa ±8 Pa (ΔP ≤ 100 Pa)
±8 % (ΔP > 100 Pa)
- volume flow m /s ±10 %
Refrigerant
- pressure at compressor outlet kPa ±3 %
- temperature °C ±1 K
Concentration
- heat transfer medium %vol ±4 %
Electrical quantities
- electrical power W ±1 %
- voltage V ±1 %
−1
Rotation speed min ±1 %
Wet bulb temperature measurement involves the generation of air flow around a wet thermometer which
could generate unwanted noise in the sound power measurement. It is then recommended to measure
relative humidity or dew point instead of determining the wet bulb temperature.
Suitable windshields are recommended to be fitted on microphones if they have to be affected by air
velocity (above about 2 m/s) which can be produced by the unit under test or by the laboratory facilities.
Adjustment shall be made to the measured sound pressure levels to compensate for any alteration in the
sensitivity of shielded microphones. Above 10 m/s, windshields are usually not efficient enough and care
shall be taken to reduce the air velocity (by changing the location of microphones) or to change the type
of windshields.
It is recommended to fit the intensity probes with windshields if they have to be affected by air velocity
because they are much more sensitive to that parameter. For instance, the maximum air velocity admitted
by EN ISO 9614-1:2009 is 2 m/s.
6 Operation of the unit
As a general rule, the sound power level is dependent on the operating conditions of the unit; the
conditions shall always be specified when reporting the measured sound power level.
The unit shall be installed and connected for the test as recommended by the manufacturer in its
installation and operation manual according to prEN 14511-3:2021. The accessories provided by option
(for example heating element) shall not be included in the test.
For inverter-type units, additional requirements to be fulfilled are given in Annex A.
Steady-state conditions of operation of the unit are considered obtained and maintained when all the
measured quantities remain constant, with respect of the tolerances given in Table 3.
The noise measurement shall be started after at least 30 min of operation under steady-state conditions
of the unit.
If a defrosting cycle occurs, this delay is reduced to 10 min of operation under steady -state conditions of
the unit.
These steady-state conditions shall be maintained during the sound pressure (or intensity)
measurements that may require from 30 s (multichannel analyser) to several hours (free field methods).
This requires the continuous recording of the meaningful data.
The uncertainties of each measurement shall not exceed the values specified in Table 2.
Table 3 — Permissible deviations from set values
Permissible deviation of the Permissible deviations of
Measured quantity arithmetic mean values from individual measured values
set values from set values
Liquid
- inlet temperature ±1 K ±1,5 K
- inlet /outlet temperature ±1 K ±1,5 K
difference
- volume flow ±5 % ±10 %
- static pressure difference kPa ±2 kPa (ΔP ≤ 20 kPa)
or ± 8 % (ΔP > 20 kPa)
Air
a
- inlet temperature (dry bulb or ±2 K ±3 K
wet bulb)
Airflow
- Static pressure difference — ±8 Pa for ΔP ≤ 100 Pa
±8 % for ΔP > 100 Pa
b
- Airflow ±5 % ±10 %
- rpm of fan ±3 % ±6 %
Refrigerant
- Liquid temperature ±3 K ±5 K
- Saturated vapour/bubble point ±1,5 K ±2,5 K
temperature
Voltage ±4 % ±4 %
a 2
For units with outdoor heat exchanger surfaces greater than 5 m , the deviation on the air inlet dry bulb
temperature is doubled.
b
Care shall be taken with controlled outdoor fan speed units. Unless a specific procedure for fixing the
frequency of the outdoor fan(s) is specified in the manufacturer's manuals bundled with the unit, the test shall
be performed at maximum fan speed obtained with the unit running within the standard rating temperature
conditions plus tolerances.
For units tested in enclosed space, care should be taken to the airflow of the unit, expressed in m /h,
which would preferably not exceed 60 times the volume of the room expressed in m . This upper limit
indicates the microphones can be submitted to excessive air velocity. In addition, it is recommended to
check the air speed through the microphone path(s) or at the different microphone positions to ensure
negligible influence of air speed over the microphone(s).
In the case of air source heat pumps, the evaporator shall be free of ice during the measurement. However,
sound measurements are sometimes not possible due to coil frosting and stationary time running
requirement.
7 Installation of the unit
7.1 General
The unit shall be installed and connected up for the test as recommended by the manufacturer in its
installation and operation instruction manual. In case of split or ducted units, care shall be taken to ensure
that transmission of structure-borne sound via ducts and piping systems is minimized.
The unit shall be installed on the floor either using anti-vibratory pads if supplied by the manufacturer
or small individual wedges to ensure the unit is levelled.
The different typical configurations of units with identification of components of noise that can be
measured are shown in Annex B.
7.2 Ducted units
7.2.1 Installation
For units which are to be connected with ducts, it is recommended to use straight ducts, without bend.
The length of the ducts will depend on the dimensions of the unit, but shall be as short as possible.
If a bend cannot be avoided, only one round bend without guide vanes is permissible in each duct.
The ducts shall not radiate noise capable of disturbing the measurements. In some cases (e.g. discharge
or suction noise), the use of standard metal duct is sufficient to avoid a parasite radiation. However, in
case of measurements of radiated noise of the casing for a ducted unit (e.g. in reverberation room), the
radiation of duct shall be as low as possible to avoid perturbation of the sound pressure under
measurement. In that case, the ducts may be made of materials ensuring a good insulation against
airborne transmission and having an acoustically reflecting outer layer.
It is permitted to change the shape of the duct, e.g. a rectangular outlet followed by a circular duct. In that
case, the areas shall be the same at ± 10 % and the change of shape shall be as smooth as possible. This
can be helpful because the circular ducts present a better sound insulation in the low frequency range
than the rectangular ones.
Any soundproofing lining inside the ducts is prohibited. An external lining can be installed to limit the
radiation. The best device is an additional uncoupled lagging.
A single duct shall fit to each individual inlet/outlet with the same shape. It is recommended to insert a
weak connection between the duct and the unit.
As no in-duct measurement is allowed, the measurement shall be carried out at the duct opening
(inlet/outlet sound level), which should be preferably mounted flush to the wall (or to the reflecting
plane).
The final sound power level results shall be given taking into account the corrections explained in 7.2.2.
The duct length shall be comprised between 2000 mm and 3500 mm after the bend, if any (except for
single duct units), as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Range of duct length
7.2.2 Duct end correction
The acoustic energy travelling into the duct is not fully transferred to the surrounding space at the outlet
(or inlet), because of the sudden change of acoustical impedance. For the low frequency range (large
wavelength), a part of energy is reflected due to the change of section. To get the in-duct sound power
level, it is then necessary to add a duct end correction E (dB) to the sound power level measured at the
outlet (or inlet) of the duct. This correction depends on the equivalent diameter of the duct and on the
frequency.
The speed of sound in air (m/s), c , is calculated withFormula (2): c 20,05 T+ 273 (2)
where
T is the dry bulb temperature (°C) at the discharge or the suction of the duct.
For a duct terminating flush or at a distance less than a half wavelength of the lowest frequency from the
wall and radiating over a solid angle of 2π, the duct end correction E, expressed in dB, is calculated with
Formula (3):
c
Ω
E=10 lg 1+⋅ dB (3)
4π f S
where
c is the speed of sound in air, in m/s;
f is the centre frequency band, in Hz;
S is the area of the duct opening in the room, in m ;
Ω is the solid of the radiation path from the test opening.
The solid angle values are given in Table 4.
=
Table 4 — Solid angle values
Configuration Solid angle
Free end 4π
Flush end 2π
Intersection of 2 planes (dihedral) π
Intersection of 3 planes (trihedral) π/2
The sound power level after duct end correction corresponds to the sound power level travelling into the
duct: the “in-duct” sound power level, L , as calculated with Formula (4).
Wd
L = L + E (4)
Wd W
where L is the the sound power level determined in the acoustic room radiated by the air outlet (inlet)
W
opening.
In case of several ducts of same diameter (discharge or suction), the sound power level travelling in one
duct L can be determined by determining the sound power level radiated by all the openings L , as
Wd W
calculated withFormula (5):
L = L + E – 10 lg (N ) (5)
Wd W d
where
Nd is the number of ducts
7.2.3 Bend correction
If the installation of a bend cannot be avoided, the sound level radiated by the air outlet (inlet) shall be
corrected. The bend tends to reflect part of the acoustic energy to the source; a part of energy is
consequently not transferred outside. The correction B (dB) takes into account this phenomenon, as
calculated with Formula (6).
LW without bend = LW with bend + B (6)
Table 5, coming from ASHRAE Applications Handbooks, gives the correction B for two types of bends,
square and round bends (without turning vanes). The correction depends on the product of the frequency
f (expressed in kHz) and the greater size width D of the duct (expressed in mm).
w
Table 5 — Insertion loss of unlined elbows
B = Insertion Loss, dB
f D
w
Round bends
f D < 48 0
w
48 ≤ f D < 96 1
w
96 ≤ f D < 190 2
w
f D > 190 3
w
The test report shall clearly mention the presence of such a bend and its characteristics.
7.2.4 Pressure and airflow measurements
The operating conditions of a ducted unit require getting data about the airflow rate. It is recommended
to measure simultaneously the available static pressure and the rotation speed of the fan(s).
When the test is carried out in an enclosed space, this pressure can be defined as the static pressure
difference between the space where the unit is located and the space where the duct ends.
When the test is carried out in an open space, standardized duct lengths shall be used. Minimum duct
length and probe position for measuring pressure difference are specified in prEN 14511-3:2021,
Annex B.2.
In case of in situ measurement, the static pressure can be measured into the duct by following the
requirements of EN ISO 5802.
For ducted units, the airflow shall be measured before the acoustic test; the aerodynamic operating
condition is then assessed by measuring the external static pressure during the airflow test and by setting
the same external static pressure for the sound power test.
EN ISO 5167-1 and EN ISO 5801 may be used.
Whatever the measurement method used, the report shall mention the test method to determine airflow,
static pressure and rotation speed values.
The ESP shall r
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