CEN/TC 256/SC 1 - Track

This document specifies the procedures of visual testing and ultrasonic testing of rail welds in track for rail profiles meeting the requirements of EN 13674-1.
This document specifies the principles for testing procedures for manufactured welds. This document defines the procedure for repair welds and joint welds. This document does not define the number of welds to be tested.
This document is not concerned with the approval of the welding procedure.

This document is applicable to fastening systems, in Categories A - E as specified in EN 13481-1:2012, 3.1, for use on rectilinear steel sleepers in ballasted track with maximum axle loads and minimum curve radii in accordance with Table 1.
[Table 1 - Fastening category criteria]
NOTE   The maximum axle load for Categories A and B does not apply to maintenance vehicles.
The requirements apply to:
-    fastening systems which act on the foot and/or web of the rail including direct fastening systems and indirect fastening systems;
-    fastening systems for rail sections included in EN 13674-1 (excluding 49E4) or EN 13674-4.
This document is not applicable to fastening systems for other rail sections, rigid fastening systems, special fastening systems used at bolted joints or glued joints or special low clamping force fastenings used to mitigate track-bridge interaction effects.
This document is for type approval of complete fastening systems.

This document is applicable to fastening systems, in Categories A - E as specified in EN 13481-1:2012, 3.1 for use on wood or polymeric composite sleepers in ballasted or ballastless track, including track on open deck bridges, with respective maximum axle loads and minimum curve radii as shown in Table 1.
[Table 1 - Fastening category criteria]
NOTE   The maximum axle load for Categories A and B does not apply to maintenance vehicles.
The requirements apply to:
-   fastening systems that act on the foot and/or web of the rail including direct fastening systems and indirect fastening systems;
-   fastening systems for rail sections included in EN 13674-1:2011+A1:2017 (excluding 49E4) or EN 13674-4:2019.
This document is not applicable to fastening systems for other rail sections, rigid fastening systems, special fastening systems used at bolted joints or glued joints or special low clamping force fastenings used to mitigate track-bridge interaction effects.
This document is for type approval of complete fastening systems.

This document is applicable to fastening systems, in Categories A - D as specified in EN 13481-1:2012, 3.1 for attaching rails to the uppermost surface of concrete or steel elements in ballastless tracks, including tracks on open deck bridges, and for embedded rails in ballastless tracks, for maximum axle loads and minimum curve radii in accordance with Table 1.
[Table 1 - Fastening category criteria]
NOTE   The maximum axle load for Categories A and B does not apply to maintenance vehicles.
The requirements apply to:
-   fastening systems which act on the foot and/or web of the rail including direct fastening systems and indirect fastening systems;
-   fastening systems for rail sections included in EN 13674-1 (excluding 49E4), or EN 13674-4.
This document is not applicable to fastening systems for wood or polymer composite sleepers used in ballastless track, which are included in EN 13481-3.
This document is not applicable to rigid fastening systems, special fastening systems used at bolted joints or glued joints or special low clamping force fastenings used to mitigate track-bridge interaction effects.
This document is for type approval of complete fastening systems. In track forms in which there are rail seat blocks or sleepers mounted in "boots" (under-sleeper pads) the concrete element and its resilient support are considered to be parts of the elastic fastening system. If the track form includes floating slabs, (i.e. resiliently supported concrete elements with more than one fastening per rail) those concrete elements and their resilient supports are considered to be parts of the ballastless track and not of the fastening system.

This document is applicable to fastening systems in Categories A - E as specified in EN 13481-1:2012, 3.1 for use in switches and crossings (S&C). It also provides guidance on evaluating fastening systems for check rails, expansion devices and insulated rail joints whether in switches and crossings or in plain line. The document applies to five categories of fastenings used in tracks with respective maximum axle loads and minimum curve radii as shown in Table 1.
[Table 1 - Fastening category criteria]
NOTE 1   The maximum axle load for Categories A and B does not apply to maintenance vehicles.
NOTE 2   The minimum curve radius is not applicable to applications in switches and crossings.
The requirements apply to fastening systems for rail sections included in the EN 13674 series of standards (excluding 49E4).
This document is not applicable to fastening systems for other rail sections or rigid fastening systems used on running rails.
This document is for type approval of complete fastening systems.

This document is applicable to fastening systems in Categories A - E as specified in EN 13481-1:2012, 3.1 for use on concrete sleepers in ballasted track with maximum axle loads and minimum curve radii as shown in Table 1.
[Table 1 - Fastening category criteria]
NOTE   The maximum axle load for Categories A and B does not apply to maintenance vehicles.
The requirements apply to:
-   fastening systems which act on the foot and/or web of the rail including direct fastening systems and indirect fastening systems;
-   fastening systems for rail sections included in EN 13674-1 (excluding 49E4) or EN 13674-4.
This document is not applicable to fastening systems for other rail sections, rigid fastening systems or special fastening systems used at bolted joints or glued joints.
This document is for the type approval of complete fastening systems.

This document is applicable to Resilient Elements for Floating Slab system (REFS) – Elements used in floating slab and defines the test procedures and their acceptance criteria.
The document covers not only those parameters related to the effectiveness of a track structure in mitigating vibrations, that is, to reduce the emission of vibrations and structure-borne noise, but also the parameters that are needed for the static analysis and for the verification of track safety.
Floating slab track systems in the form of track base plates and track troughs are individual solutions in which there is considerable variation in the engineering design and the types of resilient elements used. For this reason, a floating slab track system is always an individual engineering solution and therefore, it is not possible to define all specific conditions for the resilient elements in the present document.
The most typical types of resilient elements are:
—   Full surface bearings,
—   Strip bearings,
—   Discrete bearings (including the helical steel spring element),
—   Vertical bearings.
This document provides particular information in the following areas:
—   test methods, test arrangements and acceptance criteria,
—   data supplied by the purchaser and by the supplier,
—   definition of general process of design approval tests,
—   definition of routine tests.
This document defines the specific test procedures for REFS:
—   stiffness tests,
—   fatigue tests,
—   severe environmental condition test.
This document also sets out procedures for testing fitness for purpose and provides information on quality monitoring as part of quality assurance procedures. This document does not, however, contain requirements pertaining to the functions of Resilient Element for Floating Slab system. It is the responsibility of the purchaser to define these requirements and to choose the optional tests.
This document is not applicable for fastening system and for booted concrete block and sleeper completed with boots covered by EN 13481 5.

This document specifies the minimum requirements for measuring systems fitted on track construction and maintenance machines to give an evaluation of track geometry quality when they measure any one or several of the parameters described in EN 13848-1.
This document also gives the acceptable differences from EN 13848-1 when using chord measurements.
This document does not specify:
—   requirements for vehicle acceptance;
—   criteria for track works acceptance;
—   requirements for Urban Rail Systems.
Only systems put into service after the document comes into force are concerned.

This document specifies the implementation of ballastless track system designs and the criteria for the acceptance of works concerning construction of ballastless track systems. It does not include any criteria for inspecting, maintaining, repairing and replacing ballastless track systems during operation.

This European Standard provides requirements and measures to deal with the significant and specific railway risks during works on or in proximity of the track and with common principles for the protection of fixed and mobile work sites with trains and/or machines circulating on the working track and trains circulating on the adjacent track(s). Railway risks and protection measures for access and egress to/from the work site are considered in the same way as railway risks and protection measures for work itself.
This European Standard is applicable to all operations related to work activities on rail guided systems. Infrastructure of metro, tram and other light rail systems is excluded from the scope ).
The following specific railway risks are taken into consideration:
—   Risk 1: Personnel being struck by a train or injured due to wind drag  from a train on open working track (safety of the worker);
NOTE 1   Risk 1 includes injuring of a worker by machines, material or equipment being struck by a train on the working track.
—   Risk 2: Personnel being struck by a train or injured due to wind drag from train on adjacent track (safety of the worker);
—   Risk 3: Personnel being struck by machine or train on blocked track (safety of the worker);
—   Risk 4: Machines, material or equipment being struck by a train on the adjacent track (safety of the operation/safety of the worker);
—   Risk 5: Personnel being electrified or electrocuted by fixed electrical equipment (safety of the worker).
NOTE 2   Risk 5 includes hazards caused by pantographs of passing trains.
This European Standard also provides requirements to the process of installing basic preventive measures when planning new infrastructure or installing corrective measures when adapting existing infrastructure.
This European Standard may be extended to third parties when it is considered appropriate and reasonable by the infrastructure manager, if one or more of the five significant risks described inside this standard, arise as a result of their activities in proximity of the track.

This European Standard defines the activities related to work on or near the railway track and the associated competence profiles of persons who carry out these activities and defines procedures for assessing the competence.

This document specifies requirements for the:
-   approval of training facilities, testing and maintaining the skills of aluminothermic welders and welding trainers. It applies to those aluminothermic welding processes compliant with the requirements of EN 14730-1. It requires that the system for training and testing of welders be approved by the railway authority;
-   approval of aluminothermic welding contractors. It applies to those contractors using aluminothermic welding processes compliant with the requirements of EN 14730-1 and who employ welders in the possession of a valid permit to weld as defined in Clause 4 of this document;
-   acceptance of the final aluminothermic weld inspections and aluminothermic weld inspectors approved by the railway authority. It does not cover any previous weld inspections by the welder or others.
This document also applies to aluminothermic welds produced on railway rails as contained in EN 13674-1 to EN 13674-4 and EN 16771.

1.1   General
This document specifies the technical requirements to minimize the specific railway hazards of self-propelled road-rail machines - henceforward referred to as machines - and associated equipment, intended for use on urban rail. These hazards can arise during the commissioning, the operation and the maintenance of machines when carried out in accordance with the specification given by the manufacturer or his authorized representative. Where a machine is designed and intended for use on mainline and urban rail, the machine will comply with the most onerous conditions of FprEN 15746-1 and FprEN 15746-4. In all cases the machine will comply with the requirements set out in FprEN 15746-2.
The requirements in this document amend those in FprEN 15746-1 as required for the use of the machine on urban railways.
This document does not apply to the following:
-   the requirements for quality of the work or performance of the machine;
-   the specific requirements established by the machine operator for the use of machines, which will be the subject of negotiation between the manufacturer and the Urban Rail Manager;
-   moving and working while not on rails;
-   separate machines temporarily mounted on machines and associated equipment.
This document does not establish the additional requirements for the following:
-   operation subject to special rules, e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres;
-   hazards due to natural causes, e.g. earthquake, lightning, flooding;
-   working methods;
-   operation in severe working conditions requiring special measures, e.g. extreme environmental conditions such as: freezing temperatures, high temperatures, corrosive environments, tropical environments, contaminating environments, strong magnetic fields;
-   hazards occurring when used to handle suspended loads which may swing freely.
For a road-rail machine it is assumed that an EU road permissible host vehicle will offer an accepted safety level for its designed basic functions before conversion. Unless explicitly stated otherwise in a particular clause this specific aspect is not dealt with in this European Standard.
Other track construction and maintenance machines used on railway tracks are dealt with in other European Standards, see Annex B.
1.2   Scope of urban rail
Urban rail systems cover Urban Guided Transport systems (UGT) and might include other rail systems excluded from the scope of the Interoperability Directive 2008/57/EC (Article 1.3 (a) and (b)).
Urban Guided Transport systems (UGT), which cover metro, tram and light rail, are defined as public transport systems permanently guided at least by one rail, intended for the operation of local, urban and suburban passenger services with self-propelled vehicles and operated either segregated or not from general road and pedestrian traffic.
Categories of urban rail systems include:
-   (I) Metros: UGT systems operated on their own right of way and segregated from general road and pedestrian traffic. They are consequently designed for operations in tunnel, viaducts or on surface level but with physical separation in such a way that inadvertent access is not possible. In different parts of the world, Metro systems are also known as the underground, the subway or the tube. Rail systems with specific construction issues operating on a segregated guideway (e.g. monorail, rack railways) are also treated as Metros as long as they are designated as part of the urban public transport network.
-   (II) Trams: UGT systems not segregated from general road and pedestrian traffic, which share their right of way with general road and/or pedestrian traffic and are therefore embedded in their relevant national road traffic legislation (highway codes and specific adaptations).
(...)

1.1   General
This document deals with the technical requirements to minimize the specific railway hazards of self-propelled road-rail machines - henceforward referred to as machines - and associated equipment, which can arise during the commissioning, operation and maintenance of the machines when carried out in accordance with the specification given by the manufacturer or his authorized representative.
These risks are normally common regardless of the track gauge.  However, additional requirements can apply for travelling and working on infrastructures with narrow gauge or broad gauge lines, railways utilizing other than adhesion between the rail and rail wheels and underground infrastructures.
This document is also applicable for machines and associated equipment that in working configuration are partly supported on the ballast or the formation. Such machines are capable of independent self-propelled movement on the ground.
This document does not apply to the following:
-   the requirements for quality of the work or performance of the machine;
-   the specific requirements established by the machine operator for the use of machines, which will be the subject of negotiation between the manufacturer and the Infrastructure Manager;
-   moving and working while not on rails;
-   separate machines temporarily mounted on machines and associated equipment;
-   demountable machines as defined in 3.2;
-   trailers as defined in 3.3, including road-rail trailers.
Vehicles which are not track-guided themselves but have attachments that are track-guided are not road-rail machines.
The requirements within this document are amended and added to by the requirements in EN 15746 4 for machines designed and intended to use urban rail.
This document does not establish the additional requirements for the following:
-   operation subject to special rules, e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres;
-   hazards due to natural causes, e.g. earthquake, lightning, flooding;
-   working methods;
-   operation in severe working conditions requiring special measures, e.g. work in tunnels or in cuttings, extreme environmental conditions such as: freezing temperatures, high temperatures, corrosive environments, tropical environments, contaminating environments, strong magnetic fields;
-   hazards due to errors in software;
-   hazards occurring when used to handle suspended loads which may swing freely.
For a road-rail machine it is assumed that an EU road permissible host vehicle will offer an accepted safety level for its designed basic functions before conversion. Unless explicitly stated otherwise in a particular clause this specific aspect is not dealt with in this European Standard.
Other track construction and maintenance machines used on railway tracks are dealt with in other European Standards, see Annex F.
1.2   Validity of this document
This document applies to all machines which are ordered one year after the publication date by CEN of this document.

This document specifies the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, common to self-propelled road-rail machines - henceforward referred to as machines - and associated equipment, arising due to the adaptation for their use on railway networks and urban rail networks. These machines are intended for construction, maintenance and inspection of the railway infrastructure, shunting and emergency rescue vehicles, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer; see Clause 4.
This document deals with the common hazards during assembly and installation, commissioning, travelling on and off track, use including setting, programming, and process changeover, operation, cleaning, fault finding, maintenance and de-commissioning of the machines.
NOTE   Specific measures for exceptional circumstances are not dealt with in this document. They can be subject to negotiation between manufacturer and the machine operator.
The common hazards dealt with include the general hazards presented by the machines, also the hazards presented by the following specific machine functions:
a)   excavation;
b)   ballast tamping, ballast cleaning, ballast regulating, ballast consolidating;
c)   track construction, renewal, maintenance and repair;
d)   lifting;
e)   overhead contact line system renewal / maintenance;
f)   maintenance of the components of the infrastructure;
g)   inspection and measurement of the components of the infrastructure;
h)   working in tunnels;
i)   shunting;
j)   vegetation control;
k)   emergency rescue and recovery;
during commissioning, use, maintenance and servicing.
For a road-rail machine it is assumed that an EU road permissible host vehicle will offer an accepted safety level for its designed basic functions before conversion. Unless explicitly stated otherwise in a particular clause this specific aspect is not dealt with in this document.
This document does not deal with:
1)   requirements with regard to the quality of work and the performance of the machine;
2)   machines that utilize the contact line system for traction purposes;
3)   specific requirements established by a railway Infrastructure Manager or Urban Rail Manager;
4)   negotiations between the manufacturer and the machine operator for additional or alternative requirements;
5)   requirements for use and travel of the machine on public highway;
6)   hazards due to air pressure caused by the passing of high-speed trains at more than 190 km/h;
7)   requirements which could be necessary in case of use in extreme conditions, such as extreme ambient temperatures (tropical or polar); see 5.30;
8)   highly corrosive or contaminating environment, e.g. due to the presence of chemicals;
9)   potentially explosive atmospheres.
Other special machines used on railway tracks are dealt with in other European Standards, see Annex E.

1.1   General
This document deals with the technical requirements to minimize the specific railway hazards of self-propelled road-rail machines, as defined in EN 15746 1:2020, 3.1, henceforward referred to as machines, when designed and intended for running on European railways within the scope of European Directive 2007/58/EC.
The running mode is an option designed by the manufacturer which permits the use of the machine on a specified railway infrastructure without the need for special operational rules.
NOTE 1   The use of special track safety equipment (i.e. part of automatic train protection systems) does not necessarily mean that the machine has a running mode; some Infrastructure Managers use such equipment as means of protection for machines in travelling and/or working modes.
NOTE 2   This document is written for 1 435 mm nominal track gauge; special requirements can apply for running on infrastructures with narrow gauge or broad gauge lines.
Urban rail and railways utilizing other than adhesion between the rail and wheels are not included in this document.
This document does not apply to the following:
-   the specific requirements established by the machine operator for the use of machines, which will be the subject of negotiation between the manufacturer and the Infrastructure Manager;
-   travelling and working both on and off rails;
-   running on urban rail.
For a road-rail machine it is assumed that an EU road permissible host vehicle will offer an accepted safety level for its designed basic functions before conversion. Unless explicitly stated otherwise in a particular clause this specific aspect is not dealt with in this European Standard.
1.2   Validity of this document
This document applies to all machines which are within the scope of the Commission Regulation (EU) No 1302/2014 for locomotives and passenger rolling stock.

This European Standard characterizes the quality of track geometry based on parameters defined in EN 13848 1 and specifies the different track geometry classes which should be considered.
This European Standard covers the following topics:
- description of track geometry quality;
- classification of track quality according to track geometry parameters;
- considerations on how this classification can be used;
- this European Standard applies to high-speed and conventional lines of 1 435 mm and wider gauge;
- this European Standard forms an integral part of EN 13848 series.

This document specifies the defect management system the infrastructure manager uses to control the risk of severe accidents due to degradation of internal or surface defects on rails complying with EN 13674-1, EN 13674-2, EN 13674-4 and EN 15689:2009 (excluding grooved rails EN 14811 - which need alternative systems).

This document specifies the minimum requirements for track geometry measuring principles and track geometry measuring systems in order to produce comparable results when measuring the same track. It applies to all measuring systems, attended or unattended, fitted on any vehicle, except those systems defined in EN 13848 3 and EN 13848 4. Only systems put into service after the standard comes into force are concerned.
This document does not define the requirements for vehicle acceptance.
This document does not apply to measuring systems dedicated to Urban Rail Systems.

This document defines the technical requirements and measurements for the acceptance of works for longitudinal and/or transverse reprofiling of railway rail heads in plain line, switches and crossings and expansion devices.
This document applies to Vignole rails of 46 kg/m and above according to EN 13674-1.

This document is applicable to under ballast mats used in ballasted track and defines the test procedures and their evaluation criteria.
This document provides particular information in the following areas:
-   test methods, test arrangements and evaluation criteria of under ballast mats;
-   data supplied by the purchaser and by the supplier;
-   definition of general process of design approval tests;
-   definition of routine tests.
This document defines the specific test procedures for under ballast mats:
-   stiffness tests;
-   fatigue tests;
-   tests for severe environmental conditions.
This document also sets out procedures for testing fitness for purpose and provides information on quality monitoring as part of quality assurance procedures. This document does not, however, contain requirements pertaining to the functions of under ballast mats. It is the responsibility of the purchaser to define these requirements and to choose the optional tests.

This document is applicable to fastening systems used with grooved rails for tram, urban rail and industrial tracks, with maximum design axle loads and minimum curve radii in accordance with Table 1.
This document is for type approval of a complete fastening assembly only.
Table 1
The requirements apply to fastening systems for the grooved rail profiles in EN 14811 which act on the foot and/or web of the rail.
This document is not applicable to fastening systems for other rail sections or special fastening systems used at bolted joints or glued joints or in switches and crossings for grooved rails.
NOTE   Requirements for fastenings for use with Vignole rails are included in the EN 13481 series of standards.

This document provides particular design guidance in the following areas:
-   derivation of characteristic loads and test loads;
-   calculation of characteristic and test bending moments.
The aim of this document is to give guidance for the preparation of all data to be given by the purchaser to the supplier in accordance with Parts 1 to 5 of EN 13230. It applies to gauges 1 000 mm, 1 435 mm, 1 668 mm as well as to all lengths of sleepers and bearers.
This standard gives special criteria for the design of concrete sleepers and bearers as track components. The design methods in the Eurocode do not apply to these concrete elements.
All track parameters to be taken into account for the design of sleepers and bearers are detailed in this standard. Information is given on these parameters so that they can be used as inputs for the design calculation process. It is the responsibility of the purchaser to calculate or determine all track parameters used in this standard.
This standard gives guidance for the design calculation process. It explains how experience and calculation can be combined to use design parameters.
This standard gives examples of numerical data that can be used when applying Clauses 4 to 6 according to the state of the art.

This document specifies a laboratory test procedure for applying repeated displacement cycles representative of the displacements caused by traffic on railway track. It is used for assessing the long term performance of fastening systems.
The procedure is applicable to surface mounted rail on sleepers, bearers and slab track, and embedded rail.
This test procedure applies to a complete fastening assembly.

This document specifies laboratory test procedures to determine the static and dynamic stiffness of rail pads, baseplate pads and complete rail fastening assemblies.

This document is applicable to testing of rails installed in track for detecting rail surface cracks. This document applies to testing equipment in inspection-trains or reprofiling machines and manual systems. This document specifies the requirement for testing principles and systems in order to produce comparable results in respect to the location and the characteristic of surface cracks. This document is not aiming to give any guidelines for managing the result of eddy current rail testing. This document does not define the requirements for vehicle acceptance. This document is not concerned with production testing of rails in a production plant. This document applies only to rail profiles meeting the requirements of EN 13674-1.

This document covers machines fitted with rail wheels that are used for the construction, maintenance, inspection, repair and renewal of railway infrastructure. It is also applicable to machines used for emergency rescue purposes on railway infrastructure.
NOTE    Inspection of the infrastructure includes measurement
This document explains the different modes of operation, classification of machines and which standard covers the technical requirements. There is also guidance on the compliance process provided to explain the design review process of different legislation, how these can be combined into one process (to avoid duplication) and achieve a common understanding of what the design review is achieving.

This document specifies switch and crossing rails that carry railway wheels. These are used in conjunction with Vignole railway rails.
This document is not applicable for the check rails that do not carry railway wheels.
Nine pearlitic steel grades are specified covering a hardness range of 200 HBW to 410 HBW and include non-heat treated non-alloy steels, non-heat treated alloy steels, heat treated non-alloy steels, heat treated low alloy steels and heat treated alloy steels.
There are 33 rail profiles specified in this standard, but they may not all be available in all steel grades.
Rails specified in EN 13674-1 can also be used as switch and crossing rails and if so used they will comply with the requirements of EN 13674-1.

This part of the EN 13230 series defines additional technical criteria and control procedures as well as specific tolerance limits related to manufacturing and testing prestressed bearers for switches and crossings with a maximum length of 8,5 m.
Bearers longer than 8,5 m are considered as special elements and will comply with FprEN 13230 5:2015.

This document specifies flat bottom Vignole railway rails from 27 kg/m to, but excluding 46 kg/m.
Eight pearlitic steel grades are specified covering a rail hardness range of 200 HBW to 440 HBW and include non-heat-treated non-alloy steels, non-heat-treated alloy steels, heat-treated non-alloy steels and heat-treated alloy steels.
There are 15 rail profiles specified in this document, but these may not be available in all steel grades.

This document gives definitions for the principal track geometry parameters and specifies minimum requirements for measurement and the analysis methods. The aim is to allow the comparability of the output of different measuring systems.
This document does not apply to Urban Rail Systems.

This document specifies requirements for grooved rails and associated construction rail profiles for grooved rail facilities with a linear mass of 42 kg/m and upwards for use in tram transport systems.
NOTE   Grooved rails are also used for harbour and industrial tracks.
Five pearlitic steel grades are specified in a hardness range between 200 HBW and 390 HBW. The rails are either non-heat-treated or heat-treated and are made from non-alloyed (C-Mn) steel in both cases.
This document specifies 26 specific grooved rail profiles and 7 specific construction rail profiles. The grooved rail profiles can also be used as construction elements in switches and crossings.
Two grooved rail classes are specified differing in requirements for profile tolerances.

This document specifies the laboratory test procedure to determine:
a) the maximum longitudinal force that can be applied to a rail, secured to a sleeper, bearer or element of slab track by a rail fastening assembly, without non-elastic displacement of the rail occurring, or the longitudinal stiffness at a specified longitudinal displacement of a specimen of embedded rail with an adhesive fastening system, and, for any type of fastening,
b) the shear displacement and slip data required for track-bridge interaction calculations.

This document specifies the laboratory test procedure for determining the clamping force exerted by the fastening system on the foot of the rail by measuring the force to separate the rail foot from its immediate support. When required, the procedure is also used to determine the uplift stiffness of the fastening system. It is applicable to systems with and without baseplates on all types of sleepers, bearers or elements of slab track. The test does not determine the security of the fastening components fixed into the sleeper or other fastening system support.
This test procedure applies to a complete fastening assembly. It is not applicable to fastening systems for embedded rail or other fastening systems that do not act on the foot of the rail.

1.1   General
This document deals with the technical requirements to minimize the specific railway hazards of railbound construction and maintenance machines - henceforward referred to as machines, intended for use on urban rail systems. These hazards can arise during the commissioning, the operation and the maintenance of machines when carried out in accordance with the specification given by the manufacturer or his authorized representative.
The requirements in this standard amend those in EN 14033-1 to −3 as required for the use of the machine on urban rail systems. Where a machine is designed and intended for use on mainline and urban rail systems, compliance with the most onerous conditions of EN 14033-1 to −3 and EN 14033-4 will be required.
This document does not apply to the following:
-   requirements for quality of the work or performance of the machine;
-   machines moving and working whilst not on rails;
-   specific requirements established by the machine owner and/or operating company for the use of machines, which will be the subject of negotiation between the manufacturer and the Urban Rail Manager.
This document does not establish additional requirements for the following:
-   operation subject to special rules, e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres;
-   hazards due to natural causes, e.g. earthquake, lightning, flooding;
-   working methods;
-   operation in severe working conditions requiring special measures, e.g. in tunnels or cuttings, extreme environmental conditions such as: freezing temperatures, high temperatures, corrosive environments, tropical environments, contaminating environments, strong magnetic fields;
-   hazards that may occur when a machine is used to handle suspended loads which may swing freely.
Other track construction and maintenance machines used on railway tracks are dealt with in other European Standards, see Annex B.
1.2   Scope of urban rail systems
Urban rail systems cover Urban Guided Transport systems (UGT) and might include other rail systems excluded from the scope of the Interoperability Directive 2008/57/EC (Article 1.3 (a) and (b))1.
Urban Guided Transport systems (UGT), which cover metro, tram and light rail, are defined as public transport systems permanently guided at least by one rail, intended for the operation of local, urban and suburban passenger services with self-propelled vehicles and operated either segregated or not from general road and pedestrian traffic.
Categories of urban rail systems include:
-   (I) Metros: UGT systems operated on their own right of way and segregated from general road and pedestrian traffic. They are consequently designed for operations in tunnel, viaducts or on surface level but with physical separation in such a way that inadvertent access is not possible. In different parts of the world, Metro systems are also known as the underground, the subway or the tube. Rail systems with specific construction issues operating on a segregated guideway (e.g. monorail, rack railways) are also treated as Metros as long as they are designated as part of the urban public transport network.
-   (II) Trams: UGT systems not segregated from general road and pedestrian traffic, which share their right of way with general road and/or pedestrian traffic and are therefore embedded in their relevant national road traffic legislation (highway codes and specific adaptations).
-   (III) Light Rail: Light Rail is defined as a UGT system operated in parts of the system not segregated from general road and pedestrian traffic, and in parts of the system with segregated right-of-way. The segregation may include some sections of line where inadvertent access is not possible.
-   (IV) Local rail systems which by national decision complying with Article 1 (3) a) or b) of Directive 2008/57/EC may be excluded from the European Community Rail System.

This document defines the requirements for qualification of the personnel who plan, carry out and supervise non-destructive testing in industrial sector - Railway maintenance infrastructure, on rails in switches, crossings and plain track.
Safety of staff working on or near the railway track is part of the infrastructure manager safety management system and is not part of this standard.
This document applies only to rail profiles meeting the requirements of EN 13674 1 and EN 13674 2.

This document specifies requirements for the approval of a welding process in a fixed plant, together with the requirements for subsequent welding production.
It applies to new Vignole railway rails R220, R260, R260Mn, R320Cr, R350HT, R350LHT, R370CrHT and R400HT grade rails of 46 kg/m and above, as contained in EN 13674 1, welded by a flash butt welding process in a fixed plant and intended for use on railway infrastructure.
This document applies to the welding of rails into welded strings.

This document presents the technical basis for the loading conditions (the load magnitude, the load angle and the position of load application) to be used when performing the repeated load tests described by EN 13146-4. This basis consists of measurements made in-track, theoretical analysis and experience of using the previous versions of the EN 13481 series. Statistical variations in the applied loads and their influence on safety factors are also considered.

This document specifies the procedure for planning and execution of rail reprofiling work including description of rail surface defects. It concerns work in both plain lines and switches and crossings generally done with machines according to the EN 14033 series and EN 15746 series.
It applies to vignole railway rails of 46 kg/m and above according to EN 13674-1.

This document describes the basic requirements for the verification of ultimate and serviceability limit states and the resistance to fatigue either of the noise barrier or its components by means of analytical methods and/or tests.
Analytical methods can be used for the determination of the characteristic values and design values.
Where sufficient information is not available, the analytical procedure can be combined with results from tests.
This document provides the following types of test procedures:
-   test on small samples for defining detail categories, which may not be covered by Eurocodes (verification procedure A);
-   test on a global element for defining the limit state against fatigue (verification procedure B);
-   full scale tests under a given representative loading (verification procedure C) to determine fatigue resistance of the noise barrier components for defined loading conditions; verification procedure C is given as alternative to verification procedures A and B.

This document applies only to noise barriers composed of posts as structural elements and panels as acoustic elements (fabricated for example from metal, timber, plastic or concrete panels). It also applies for acoustic claddings of existing walls and partial or total acoustic coverings of the rail track.
It is important that acoustic elements are tested together with the structural elements to represent the noise barrier as in the intended use.
This document provides criteria to verify railway noise barriers and related devices according to basic mechanical performance under standard conditions of exposure, irrespective of the materials used. A range of conditions and optional requirements is provided to allow for the wide diversity of practice within Europe. Individual aspects of performance are covered separately in the annexes.
This document provides test methods and criteria for the assessment of railway noise barriers with respect to their mechanical performance and stability under static loading.

This European Standard specifies requirements for assessing the working life and provides the relevant exposure conditions.
Standards of construction and any material tests conducted should provide evidence of resistance to specified conditions selected from the following:
I.   Chemical Agents   Location
dependent
II.   De-icing salt   Location/climate
dependent
III.   Dirty water/dust   Location/
Climate
dependent
IV.   Dew   Climate
dependent
V.   Freeze/thaw   Climate
dependent
VI.   Cold   Climate
dependent
VII.   Heat   Climate
dependent
VIII.   Ultra-Violet (UV) Radiation   Climate
dependent
IX.   Traffic Vibration   Location
dependent
X.   Biological Process   Climate
dependent
XI.   Ozone   Location
dependent
XII.   Water   Climate
dependent
XIII.   Water spray
Wet/dry   Location
dependent

This European Standard specifies requirements for assessing the working life and provides the relevant exposure conditions.
Standards of construction and any material tests conducted should provide evidence of resistance to specified conditions selected from the following:
I.   Chemical Agents   Location dependent
II.   De-icing salt   Location/climate dependent
III.   Dirty water/dust   Location/climate dependent
IV.   Dew   Climate dependent
V.   Freeze/thaw   Climate dependent
VI.   Cold   Climate dependent
VII.   Heat   Climate dependent
VIII.   UV Radiation   Climate dependent
IX.   Traffic Vibration   Location dependent
X.   Biological Process   Climate dependent
XI.   Ozone   Location dependent
XII.   Water   Climate dependent
XIII.   Water spray (Wet/dry)   Location dependent
NOTE   Combinations of different materials are worth a special attention, whether inside a single device or in combination with other devices (for example: a combination of different acoustic elements or another combination of acoustic and structural elements).

This part of this European Standard specifies the NDT methods used to detect internal and surface rail defects and the suitability of each method for the detection and evaluation of typical rail defects of rails installed in track.
This part of this European Standard does not specify the assessment criteria of rail defects and the derived actions.
This part of this European Standard applies only to rail profiles meeting the requirements of EN 13674-1.

This European Standard defines the minimum requirements for the quality levels of track geometry, and specifies the safety related limits for each parameter as defined in EN 13848-1 and measured by any track geometry measurement system as defined in EN 13848-2, EN 13848-3 and EN 13848-4.
This European Standard covers the following topics:
-   immediate action limits (IAL);
-   recommendations on tolerance levels for isolated defects;
-   relative importance of parameters with respect to the vehicle behaviours.
The necessity to measure, the frequency of measurements and the selection of measured parameters are not covered by this European Standard.
This European Standard applies to high-speed and conventional lines, including switches and crossings, of 1 435 mm and wider gauge railways provided that the vehicles operated on those lines comply with EN 14363 and other vehicle safety standards.
This European Standard does not apply to Urban Rail Systems.

This part of FprEN 16432 specifies system and subsystem design and component configuration for ballastless track system.
The system and subsystem design requirements are assigned from the general requirements of FprEN 16432-1:2016. Where applicable, existing subsystem or component requirements from other standards are to be referenced.

This European Standard defines the general requirements concerning the design of ballastless track systems.
It does not include any requirements for inspecting, maintaining, repairing and replacing ballastless track systems during operation.
This European Standard is applicable to all railway applications up to 250 kN axle load.
The requirements of this standard apply to:
-   plain line track, switches and crossings and rail expansion joints;
-   various substructures like embankments and cuttings, tunnels, bridges or similar, with or without floating slabs;
-   transitions between different substructures;
-   transitions between different ballastless track systems;
-   transitions between ballasted and ballastless track systems.
NOTE   Requirements for characterization of the substructures listed above are included in this standard. Design of the substructures is covered by other European Standards, e.g. EN 1992–2, EN 1997–1, etc..

This European Standard defines the specific technical railway requirements for running of machines and other vehicles used for construction, maintenance and inspection of track, structures, track formation and fixed electric traction equipment. Special national conditions applicable to specific member states are shown in Annex B.
This European Standard applies to all railbound machines and other vehicles - referred to as machines - running exclusively on the railway (utilizing adhesion between the rail and wheels) and used for construction, maintenance and inspection of track, structures, infrastructure and fixed electric traction equipment.
This European Standard applies to machines that are intended to operate signalling and control systems. Other machines are dealt with in other European Standards, see Annex I.
This European Standard is written for 1 435 mm nominal track gauge; special requirements can apply for running on infrastructures with narrow gauge or broad gauge lines, urban railways, railways utilizing other than adhesion between the rail and wheels and road-rail machines which are not included in this standard.
This European Standard covers the railway specific requirements for movements of the machine as a train and movements to reach work sites.

1.1   General
This European Standard defines the specific technical railway requirements for travelling and working with machines and other vehicles used for construction, maintenance and inspection of track, structures, track formation and fixed electric traction equipment as specified in EN 14033-1.
This European Standard applies to all railbound machines and other vehicles- referred to as machines - working exclusively on the railway (utilizing adhesion between the rail and rail wheels) and used for construction, maintenance and inspection of track, structures, infrastructure and fixed electric traction equipment.
This European Standard applies to machines that are intended to operate signalling and control systems. Other similar machines are dealt with in other European Standards, see Annex M.
This European Standard is applicable to 1 435 mm nominal track gauge. Some requirements may be applicable for working on infrastructures with nominal narrow track gauge or nominal broad track gauge lines, tramways, railways utilizing other than adhesion between the rail and rail wheels and underground infrastructures.
This European Standard covers the safety requirements for the railway specific problems for travelling and working on different infrastructures. The application of these requirements is the object of a verification procedure, which does not form part of this European Standard, but an Annex I is included for information. In all cases an authorization to work is needed to access the infrastructure.
This European Standard is also applicable for machines that in working position are partly supported on the ballast or the formation.
This European Standard does not apply to:
-   the requirements with regard to the quality of work, including the related measuring methods, and the performance of the machine; )
-   the specific requirements established by each railway infrastructure manager for the use of machines which will be the subject of negotiation between the manufacturer and the machine keeper.
This European Standard does not deal with the following additional requirements:
-   working methods;
-   operation in severe working conditions requiring special measures (e.g. work in tunnels or in cuttings, extreme environmental conditions such as high or low temperatures, corrosive environment, tropical environment, contaminating environments, strong magnetic fields);
-   operation subject to special rules (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres);
-   hazards due to errors in software;
-   hazards occurring when used to handle suspended loads which may swing freely;
-   hazards due to wind pressure greater than normal e.g. pressures caused by the passing of trains at speed in excess of 190 km/h.
1.2   Validity of this European Standard
This European Standard applies to all machines that are ordered one year after the publication date of this European Standard.

1.1 General
This European Standard specifies the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, common to rail bound machines and arising due to the adaptation for their use on railways. These machines are intended for construction, maintenance and inspection of track, structures, infrastructure and fixed electric traction equipment, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, see Clause 4.
This European Standard applies to railbound machines and other vehicles - referred to as machines - working exclusively on the railway (utilising friction adhesion between the rail and rail wheels) but including machines that in working position are partly supported on the ballast or the formation and used for construction, maintenance and inspection of track, structures, infrastructure and fixed electric traction equipment. This European Standard applies to machines that are intended to operate signalling and control systems. Other similar machines are dealt with in other European Standards, see Annex D.
This European Standard specifies the common hazards, in normal circumstances, during running, assembly and installation, commissioning, use (including setting, programming, and process changeover), operation, cleaning, fault finding, maintenance and de-commissioning of the machines. Additional safety measures can be required by exceptional circumstances, such as extreme ambient temperatures (less than - 20 °C or greater than + 40 °C), highly corrosive or contaminating environment; e.g. due to the presence of chemicals, and potentially explosive atmospheres. Air pressure caused by the passing of high-speed trains at more than 190 km/h is also not dealt with.
NOTE 1 Specific measures for exceptional circumstances are not dealt with in this European Standard. The specific measures for exceptional circumstances introduced by a railway infrastructure manager and requirements introduced by the manufacturer and/or machine operator as referred to in the scope are not dealt with in this European Standard. When such additional measures are necessary, they should be agreed between the manufacturer and the machine operator. The manufacturer will be responsible for compliance with the Directive(s) concerned independent of this European Standard for additional hazards created by any additional or alternative requirements.
NOTE 2 This European Standard deals only with the additional hazards from the adaptation of a machine for its use on rail. Other standards specific to the particular machine as far as available will need to be used in addition to this European Standard to give the complete requirements.
The common hazards specified include the general hazards presented by the machines, and also the hazards presented by the following specific machine functions, common to two or more machine types:
- ballast excavation, ballast cleaning, ballast regulating, ballast consolidating;
- tamping;
- track renewal;
- craning;
- maintenance of the components of the infrastructure;
during commissioning, use, maintenance and servicing.
This European Standard does not deal comprehensively with specific machine functions other than the common functions listed in the previous paragraph, or with all possible hazards presented by complete machines or by the combination of functions.
NOTE 3 For such specific functions or hazards, the use of specific European Standards is recommended.
This European Standard does not deal with:
- requirements with regard to the quality of work and the performance of the machine;
- machines that utilise the catenary for traction purposes;
- specific requirements introduced by a railway infrastructure manager;
- additional or alternative requirements introduced by the manufacturer and/or operator.