prEN 17837

Postal Services - Parcel Delivery Environmental Footprint - Methodology for calculation and declaration of GHG emissions and air pollutants of parcel logistics delivery services

This document establishes a common methodology for the calculation and declaration of direct and indirect Greenhouse gas (GHG) as well as air pollutant emissions related to any parcel delivery service.
It only covers a part of the entire retail value chain usually consisting of creating the product, storing the inventory, distributing the goods and making the product available for consumers.
This document includes only the distribution of goods, but considers the entire value chain of the parcel transportation process flow, namely the collection and delivery rounds, the direct injection, the trunking and the operations due to processing and the physical handling of parcels. See Figure 1 below for a graphical illustration.
Figure 1 - Overview of parcel delivery operations...
This document covers emissions associated with the up- and downstream transportation related activities as well as the operational activities for a parcel to be delivered. In more detail, it includes:
-   the use of vehicles (for all transportation modes) during the delivery phase in terms of core trunking as well as first and last mile related transportation;
-   all related direct and indirect emissions from the use of and processes in logistics sites, namely offices, sites and buildings where the virtual processing (data computing services), the administrative management and the physical handling operations of parcels are carried out;
-   other operational activities needed to fulfil the parcel delivery service, e.g. required packaging materials (everything additional to the underlying parcel inherent packaging) provided by the parcel logistics service providers including e-commerce entity; and
-   waste management from the sites of the parcel logistics service providers.
When quantifying GHG emissions, account is also taken of the GHG emissions associated with upstream energy processes for fuels and electricity used by vehicles and related operation infrastructure (including for example production and distribution of fuels). This ensures the standard covers and produces values for both direct and indirect emissions (including well-to-tank emissions). In addition, empty mileage can be considered too. As a result, calculation results allow the consistent comparison of possible different energy sources by parcel service providers, users, and other interested parties.
This document also covers the air pollutants carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matters 2.5 and 10, and sulfur oxides associated with the use of vehicles for all transportation modes for exhaust and non-exhaust emissions and all related direct and indirect emissions from the use of and processes in logistics sites, namely offices, sites and buildings.
It specifies general principles, definitions, system boundaries, calculation methods, parcel allocation rules and data requirements, with the objective to promote standardized, accurate, credible and verifiable declarations, regarding emissions quantified. It also includes examples on the application of the principles.
Potential users of this document are any person or organisation who needs to refer to a standardised methodology when communicating the results of the quantification of emissions related to a parcel delivery service, especially parcel logistics service providers and parcel service users (e.g. consignors and consignees).
This document presents the below elements:
-   step by step guidance for quantifying emissions of parcel logistics services;
-   calculation methodology for GHG emissions;
-   calculation methodology for air pollutants (carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matters (PM) 2.5 and 10, and sulfur oxides (SOx));
-   allocation rules per item (parcel); and
-   reporting frameworks and data to be shared with business customers or consignees.

Ökologischer Fußabdruck der Paketzustellung: Methodik zur Berechnung und Deklaration von THG-Emissionen und Luftschadstoffen von Paketlogistik-Lieferdiensten

Dieses Dokument legt eine gemeinsame Methode zur Berechnung und Deklaration von direkten und indirekten Treibhausgas- (THG) und Luftschadstoffemissionen im Zusammenhang mit Paketzustelldiensten fest.
Es deckt nur einen Teil der gesamten Wertschöpfungskette des Einzelhandels ab, die in der Regel aus der Herstellung des Produkts, der Lagerung des Bestands, der Verteilung der Waren und der Bereitstellung des Produkts für die Verbraucher besteht.
Dieses Dokument bezieht sich nur auf die Verteilung von Waren, berücksichtigt aber die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette des Prozessablaufs der Paketbeförderung, d. h. die Sammel- und Ausliefertouren, die Direktzustellung, den Linienfernverkehr und die Vorgänge im Zusammenhang mit der Verarbeitung und der physischen Abwicklung von Paketen. Siehe Bild 1 unten zur graphischen Veranschaulichung.
Bild 1 - Überblick über die Paketzustellung
Dieses Dokument umfasst die Emissionen, die mit den vor- und nachgelagerten Transportaktivitäten sowie mit den betrieblichen Aktivitäten für ein zuzustellendes Paket verbunden sind. Im Einzelnen beinhaltet es Folgendes:
-   der Einsatz von Fahrzeugen (für alle Verkehrsträger) während der Lieferphase im Hinblick auf den Kernverkehr sowie den Transport auf der ersten und letzten Meile;
-   alle damit zusammenhängenden direkten und indirekten Emissionen aus der Nutzung von und den Prozessen in Logistikstandorten, und zwar Büros, Standorten und Gebäuden, in denen die virtuelle Verarbeitung (Datenverarbeitungsdienste), die administrative Verwaltung und der physische Umschlag von Paketen durchgeführt werden;
-   sonstige betriebliche Tätigkeiten, die für die Erbringung des Paketzustelldienstes erforderlich sind, z. B. erforderliche Verpackungsmaterialien (alles, was zusätzlich zu der zugrundeliegenden Verpackung des Pakets benötigt wird), die von den Paketlogistikdienstleistern, einschließlich des E Commerce-Unternehmens, bereitgestellt werden; und
-   Abfallentsorgung von den Standorten der Paketlogistikdienstleister.
Bei der Quantifizierung der THG Emissionen werden auch die THG Emissionen berücksichtigt, die mit vorgelagerten Energieprozessen für Brennstoffe und Elektrizität verbunden sind, die von Fahrzeugen und der zugehörigen Betriebsinfrastruktur genutzt werden (einschließlich z. B. Herstellung und Vertrieb von Brennstoffen). Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass die Norm sowohl direkte als auch indirekte Emissionen (einschließlich Well-to-Tank-Emissionen) abdeckt und Werte dafür liefert. Darüber hinaus können auch die Leerfahrten berücksichtigt werden. Dadurch ermöglichen die Berechnungsergebnisse Paketdienstleistern, Benutzern und anderen interessierten Parteien einen konsistenten Vergleich möglicher unterschiedlicher Energiequellen.
Dieses Dokument deckt auch die Luftschadstoffe Kohlenmonoxid, Stickstoffoxide, Feinstaub PM2,5 und PM10 sowie Schwefeloxide ab, die bei der Nutzung von Fahrzeugen aller Verkehrsträger in Form von Abgas- und Nicht-Abgasemissionen entstehen, sowie alle damit verbundenen direkten und indirekten Emissionen aus der Nutzung und den Prozessen an Logistikstandorten, d. h. Büros, Standorten und Gebäuden.
Es legt allgemeine Grundsätze, Definitionen, Systemgrenzen, Berechnungsverfahren, Allokationsregeln für Pakete und Datenanforderungen fest mit dem Ziel, genormte, genaue, zuverlässige und überprüfbare Deklarationen zu fördern, in denen Emissionen berechnet werden. Es enthält des Weiteren Beispiele zur Anwendung dieser Grundsätze.
Potentielle Benutzer dieses Dokuments sind alle Personen oder Organisationen, die bei der Bekanntgabe von Ergebnissen der Quantifizierung von Emissionen in Verbindung mit einem Paketzustelldienst auf eine genormte Methode Bezug nehmen müssen; dazu zählen insbesondere Paketlogistikdienstleister und Paketdienstbenutzer (z. B. Absender und Empfänger).
...

Services postaux - Empreinte environnementale de la livraison de colis - Méthodologie pour le calcul et la déclaration des émissions de GES et polluants atmosphériques des services logistiques de livraison de colis

Le présent document établit une méthodologie commune pour le calcul et la déclaration des émissions directes et indirectes de GES et de polluants atmosphériques résultant d’un service de livraison de colis.
Il ne couvre qu’une partie de la chaîne de valeur de la vente au détail, qui consiste généralement à créer le produit, faire des stocks, distribuer les marchandises et mettre le produit à la disposition des consommateurs.
Le présent document n’inclut que la distribution de marchandises, mais prend en considération l’ensemble de la chaîne de valeur du processus continu de transport de colis, à savoir les tournées de collecte et de livraison, l’injection directe, l’acheminement longue distance et les opérations dues au traitement et à la manutention physique des colis. Voir l’illustration graphique dans la Figure 1 ci dessous.
Figure 1 - Vue d’ensemble des opérations de livraison de colis
Le présent document couvre les émissions découlant des activités en amont et en aval du transport, mais aussi celles découlant des activités opérationnelles associées à un colis à livrer. Plus précisément, cela comprend :
-   l’utilisation de véhicules (pour tous les modes de transport) au cours de la phase de livraison en termes d’acheminement principal longue distance et de transport pour les premiers et derniers kilomètres ;
-   toutes les émissions directes et indirectes liées à l’utilisation et aux processus des sites logistiques, à savoir les bureaux, sites et bâtiments où sont effectués le traitement virtuel (services informatiques), la gestion administrative et les opérations de manutention physique des colis ;
—   les autres activités opérationnelles nécessaires à la prestation du service de livraison de colis, par exemple les matériaux d’emballage exigés (qui s’ajoutent à l’emballage inhérent au colis) fournis par les prestataires logistiques, y compris l’entité de commerce électronique ; et
-   la gestion des déchets sur les sites des prestataires logistiques.
Lors de la quantification des émissions de GES, il est également tenu compte des émissions de GES associées aux processus énergétiques en amont pour le carburant, les combustibles et l’électricité utilisés par les véhicules et les infrastructures d’exploitation connexes (y compris, par exemple, la production et la distribution de carburants et combustibles). Ainsi, la norme couvre et produit des valeurs pour les émissions directes et indirectes (y compris les émissions du puits au réservoir). En outre, le kilométrage à vide peut également être pris en compte. Les résultats des calculs permettent ainsi aux prestataires logistiques, aux utilisateurs et à toute autre partie intéressée de comparer les différentes sources énergétiques possibles de façon cohérente.
Le présent document couvre également les polluants atmosphériques que sont le monoxyde de carbone, les oxydes d’azote, les matières particulaires (PM2,5 et PM10) et les oxydes de soufre émis à l’échappement et hors échappement lors de l’utilisation de véhicules pour tous les modes de transport, ainsi que toutes les émissions directes et indirectes liées à l’utilisation et aux processus des sites logistiques, à savoir les bureaux, les sites et les bâtiments.
Il précise les principes généraux, les définitions, les frontières du système, les méthodes de calcul, les règles d’allocation par colis et les exigences en matière de données, dans le but de garantir des déclarations normalisées, précises, crédibles et vérifiables concernant les émissions quantifiées. Il comprend également des exemples d’application de ces principes.
...

Poštne storitve - Okoljski odtis pri dostavi paketov - Metode za izračun in navedbo podatkov o emisijah toplogrednih plinov in onesnaževal zraka pri storitvah logistične dostave paketov

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 26-Oct-2023
• ICS: 03.240 - Postal services
• ICS: 13.020.60 - Product life-cycles
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 331 - Postal services
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 331/WG 3 - Automatic identification of items - Addresses
• Current Stage: 4599 - Dispatch of FV draft to CMC - Finalization for Vote
• Start Date: 02-Feb-2023
• Due Date: 04-May-2023
• Completion Date: 02-Feb-2023
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN 17837:2022 - Postal Services - Parcel Delivery Environmental Footprint - Methodology for calculation and declaration of GHG emissions and air pollutants of parcel logistics delivery services

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17837:2022
01-junij-2022

Poštne storitve - Okoljski odtis pri dostavi paketov - Metode za izračun in navedbo

podatkov o emisijah toplogrednih plinov in onesnaževal zraka pri storitvah
logistične dostave paketov

Postal Services - Parcel Delivery Environmental Footprint - Methodology for calculation

and declaration of GHG emissions and air pollutants of parcel logistics delivery services

Ökologischer Fußabdruck der Paketzustellung: Methodik zur Berechnung und

Deklaration von THG-Emissionen und Luftschadstoffen von Paketlogistik-Lieferdiensten

Services postaux - Empreinte environnementale de la livraison de colis - Méthodologie

pour le calcul et la déclaration des émissions de GES et polluants atmosphériques des

services logistiques de livraison de colis
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17837
ICS:
03.240 Poštne storitve Postal services
13.020.60 Življenjski ciklusi izdelkov Product life-cycles
oSIST prEN 17837:2022 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 17837:2022
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17837
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2022
ICS 03.240; 13.020.60
English Version
Postal Services - Parcel Delivery Environmental Footprint -
Methodology for calculation and declaration of GHG
emissions and air pollutants of parcel logistics delivery
services

Services postaux - Empreinte environnementale de la Ökologischer Fußabdruck der Paketzustellung:

livraison de colis - Méthodologie pour le calcul et la Methodik zur Berechnung und Deklaration von THG-

déclaration des émissions de GES et polluants Emissionen und Luftschadstoffen von Paketlogistik-

atmosphériques des services logistiques de livraison Lieferdiensten
de colis

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 331.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17837:2022 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... 4

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 7

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 8

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 8

4 Symbols and units ......................................................................................................................................... 17

5 General principles ........................................................................................................................................ 18

6 Quantification boundaries ......................................................................................................................... 18

7 Activities regarding the quantification and reporting of environmental impacts from parcel

delivery service ............................................................................................................................................. 24

8 Quantification of emissions ....................................................................................................................... 31

9 Allocation of emissions to parcel level .................................................................................................. 36

10 Approach to summing the results for each parcel chain element ............................................... 41

11 Reporting ......................................................................................................................................................... 41

Annex A (informative) Energy and GHG emission factors ........................................................................... 42

A.1 Transport fuels .............................................................................................................................................. 42

A.2 Electricity ......................................................................................................................................................... 47

Annex B (normative) Allocation methods for combined parcel and passengers ............................... 49

B.1 General.............................................................................................................................................................. 49

B.2 Mass method ................................................................................................................................................... 49

B.3 Area method ................................................................................................................................................... 49

B.4 Default values ................................................................................................................................................. 50

Annex C (informative) Inclusion of empty trips into a TOC ........................................................................ 51

C.1 General.............................................................................................................................................................. 51

C.2 Example for a simple case .......................................................................................................................... 51

Annex D (informative) Template for declaration of categories of values used ................................... 53

Annex E (informative) Example of available sources of default values ................................................. 55

Annex F (informative) Sample calculation example ..................................................................................... 57

F.1 Calculation of air pollutant emissions ................................................................................................... 57

F.2 Calculation of 4 parcel specific GHG emission values ...................................................................... 65

F.3 Calculation of parcel specific emission values for packaging materials ................................... 75

F.4 Calculation of parcel specific emission values for cloud computing .......................................... 77

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F.5 Calculation of parcel specific emission values for waste ................................................................ 78

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 80

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European foreword

This document (prEN 17837:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 331 “Postal services”,

the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
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Introduction

This document provides principles and rules for the quantification, allocation and reporting of environmental

impacts from parcel logistics delivery services.

The consumer product and retail market continue to evolve as digitalization and consumer habits push for e-

commerce. Traditional retail business models are expanding their online offerings and introducing new

innovative digital based models, which create more consumer desire. As the retail sector is continuously

growing and e-commerce is increasing, logistics services are critical. Traditional logistics value chains and

related business models are disrupted by trends in digitalisation and new fulfilment technologies. At the same

time, general considerations to sustainability are growing in importance also due to climate change, the trend

towards global supply chains and increased stakeholder consciousness. Global supply chains, underlying IT and

digital applications, marketing and branding activities, customer relationship models and related logistics

services cause a degree of environmental impacts. Nowadays, measuring these impacts - along the entire value

chain from manufacturing to end of life treatment of retail goods - and implementing meaningful mitigation

measures becomes key in combating climate change.

Expectations in strong growth in e-commerce over the coming years will give rise to parcel logistics delivery

activities and hence increased environmental impacts due to the distribution of retail goods. To understand

those impacts, the entirety of activities in the parcel logistics and delivery service value chain should be looked

at. Adoption of new fuel technologies, digital solutions, energy efficient operations, route optimization, supplier

engagement and many other measures will need to be adapted to mitigate environmental impacts of the entire

logistics value chain of parcel delivery. To choose the most effective mitigation strategies and to fully disclose

the environmental impacts of parcel logistics and delivery services, solid monitoring methodologies, data sets

and standard accounting and reporting approaches are essential.

This Parcel Delivery Environmental Footprint (PDEF) standard is hence aiming to describe a consistent and

harmonized methodology for environmental footprinting across the supply chain of parcel logistics and

delivery services. In the first instance, it will focus on the accounting of Greenhouse gas (GHG) and other air

pollutant emissions. But it opens up for the extension to additional impact indicators at a later stage. At present

there are a variety of standards and methodologies for emissions accounting publicly available, but these are

neither considering the entire supply chain nor focusing on parcel specific accounting.

The PDEF seeks to account for the emissions of the full logistics service supply chain for a delivery including all

material transportation and operational activities. The standard allocates all emissions towards each specific

parcel delivered. This is achieved through the description of a standard set of data points to be measured and

a standard calculation and parcel specific allocation methodology.

The objective of this standard is to align with ISO 14083 in its current working draft format . While the PDEF

is built on the existing platform of the EN 16258 and the current working draft of ISO 14083 for GHGs, it

provides an extended scope with its parcel specific nuanced approach, covering the entire parcel delivery value

chain from collection round to final delivery. Further, the PDEF covers not just GHG emissions but also extends

towards other air pollutants, based on the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook for air

pollutants. Hereby it covers exhaust and non-exhaust related air pollutant emissions to cover health and

biodiversity impacts more holistically. Finally, the PDEF has an extended scope by covering other indirect

emissions than only for fuel, reflecting the current need to provide more transparency about direct and indirect

environmental impacts along complex supply chains.
Carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides, particulate matters and sulfur oxides.

The ISO/WD2 14083 Greenhouse gases — Quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions arising from

operations of transport chains, 30November 2020

The EN 16258 provides the basis methodology for calculation and declaration of energy consumption and GHG emissions

of transport services in the context of freight and passengers; the ISO 14083 is building further on EN 16258 with inclusion

of transport and hub operations.
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The PDEF is designed to be widely applicable across parcel logistics service providers and accessible to a

diverse user group. Within this sector, it is recognized that parcel delivery service operations vary hugely, from

multi-national organizations operating multiple transport modes to deliver parcel services across the globe,

through to a small local operator. Consequently, the standard balances the desire for absolute precision and

scientific rigor with a degree of pragmatism to achieve ease of use. Nonetheless, the requirements set out and

guidance given are aligned with existing standards and based on sound scientific methods.

Use of this standard will ensure that calculated emissions are fully accounted and allocated to a parcel. It

enables disclosures of the parcel specific emissions to have greater consistency and comparability as a

foundation for more transparency enabling more sustainable parcel delivery services in the future.

For example: EN 16258:2012, ISO 14064.
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1 Scope

This document establishes a common methodology for the calculation and declaration of direct and indirect

Greenhouse gas (GHG) as well as air pollutant emissions related to any parcel delivery service.

It only covers a part of the entire retail value chain usually consisting of creating the product, storing the

inventory, distributing the goods and making the product available for consumers.

This document includes only the distribution of goods, but considers the entire value chain of the parcel

transportation process flow, namely the collection and delivery rounds, the direct injection, the trunking and

the operations due to processing and the physical handling of parcels. See Figure 1 below for a graphical

illustration.
Key
C Collection Depot (Aggregation)
H Hub
T Transport
D Delivery Depot (Dis-aggregation/Distribution
Figure 1 — Overview of parcel delivery operations

This document covers emissions associated with the up- and downstream transportation related activities as

well as the operational activities for a parcel to be delivered. In more detail, it includes:

— the use of vehicles (for all transportation modes) during the delivery phase in terms of core trunking as

well as first and last mile related transportation;

— all related direct and indirect emissions from the use of and processes in logistics sites, namely offices, sites

and buildings where the virtual processing (data computing services), the administrative management and

the physical handling operations of parcels are carried out;

— other operational activities needed to fulfil the parcel delivery service, e.g. required packaging materials

(everything additional to the underlying parcel inherent packaging) provided by the parcel logistics service

providers including e-commerce entity; and
— waste management from the sites of the parcel logistics service providers.

When quantifying GHG emissions, account is also taken of the GHG emissions associated with upstream energy

processes for fuels and electricity used by vehicles and related operation infrastructure (including for example

production and distribution of fuels). This ensures the standard covers and produces values for both direct and

indirect emissions (including well-to-tank emissions). In addition, empty mileage can be considered too. As a

result, calculation results allow the consistent comparison of possible different energy sources by parcel service

providers, users, and other interested parties.
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This document also covers the air pollutants carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matters 2.5 and 10,

and sulfur oxides associated with the use of vehicles for all transportation modes for exhaust and non-exhaust

emissions and all related direct and indirect emissions from the use of and processes in logistics sites, namely

offices, sites and buildings.

It specifies general principles, definitions, system boundaries, calculation methods, parcel allocation rules and

data requirements, with the objective to promote standardized, accurate, credible and verifiable declarations,

regarding emissions quantified. It also includes examples on the application of the principles.

Potential users of this document are any person or organisation who needs to refer to a standardised

methodology when communicating the results of the quantification of emissions related to a parcel delivery

service, especially parcel logistics service providers and parcel service users (e.g. consignors and consignees).

This document presents the below elements:
— step by step guidance for quantifying emissions of parcel logistics services;
— calculation methodology for GHG emissions;

— calculation methodology for air pollutants (carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate

matters (PM) 2.5 and 10, and sulfur oxides (SOx));
— allocation rules per item (parcel); and

— reporting frameworks and data to be shared with business customers or consignees.

2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
allocation

partitioning the input or output flows of a process or a product system between the product system under study

and one or more other product systems

Note 1 to entry: In this context, apportionment of energy consumption or emissions previously quantified, to the parcel.

[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2009, modified]
3.1.2
air pollution

presence of contaminant or pollutant substances in the air at a concentration that interferes with human health

or welfare or produces other harmful environmental effects
[SOURCE: https://www.eea.europa.eu/help/glossary/eea-glossary]
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3.1.3
air pollutant

any pollutant agent or combination of such agents, including any physical, chemical, biological, radioactive

substance or matter which is emitted into or otherwise enters the ambient air and can, in high enough

concentrations, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material

Note 1 to entry: Air pollutants is a term which then describes an air pollutant for which acceptable levels of exposure can

be determined and for which an ambient air quality standard has been set. Examples include: carbon monoxide, nitrogen

dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matters.

Note 2 to entry: This document considers carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matters (PM2.5 and

PM10) and sulfur oxides (SOx).
[SOURCE: https://www.eea.europa.eu/help/glossary/eea-glossary]
3.1.4
air pollutant activity data

quantitative measure of activity that results in the production or removal of air pollutants to or from the

atmosphere. For transport operations this is primarily the combustion of fossil fuels or other type of energy

consumption
3.1.5
booked transport service

agreement to carry goods in a specified manner between defined origin and destination locations

Note 1 to entry: For a cargo service this would be accompanied by the cargo unit’s gross mass (in (kg) or (tonne)) and the

distance between dispatching and receiving locations (indicated as zip codes, IATA codes, UN LoCodes or geo data) carried

on the various chosen means of transport.
3.1.6
carbon dioxide equivalent
CO2e
unit for comparing the radiative forcing of a GHG to carbon dioxide

Note 1 to entry: The carbon dioxide equivalent is calculated using the mass of a given GHG multiplied by its global

warming potential.
[SOURCE: ISO 14064-1:2018]
3.1.7
carbon offsetting

mechanism for compensating for carbon emissions of a process through the prevention of the release of,

reduction in, or removal of, an equivalent amount of GHG emissions outside the boundary of that process,

provided such prevention, removal or reduction are quantified, permanent and additional to a business-as-

usual scenario
[SOURCE: ISO 14067:2018, modified]
3.1.8
cargo

collection / quantity of goods (carried on a means of transport) transported from one place to another

Note 1 to entry: Cargo can consist of either liquid or solid materials or substances, without any packaging (e.g. bulk cargo),

or of loose items of unpacked goods, packages, unitised goods (on pallets or in containers) or goods loaded on transport

units and carried on active means of transport.
[SOURCE: EN 14943:2005]
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3.1.9
collection and delivery round

journey normally, but not necessarily, starting and ending at the same location, with the purpose to collect

and/or deliver one or more consignment/parcel in different locations during the course of the journey

3.1.10
consignment

collection / quantity of goods in different aggregation forms (pallets, containers, metal cages, etc. carried on a

means of transport) transported from one place to another

Note 1 to entry: A consignment can consist of liquid or solid materials or substances, without any packaging (e.g. bulk

cargo), or of loose items of unpacked goods, packages, or unitized goods (on pallets or in containers) or goods loaded on

transport units and carried on active means of transport or specified amounts of gas transported in a closed system.

3.1.11
direct emissions
emission from sources owned or controlled by the organization

Note 1 to entry: Direct emissions arise from the use of fuel or other energy carriers at the point of use where a transport

service is provided, whether to power the vehicle or for some other purpose such as heating, ventilation, refrigeration, as

necessary for the operation of that transport service. Typically, this would be the result of combustion of fuels from an

engine or other power source on a vehicle but may also result from the release of greenhouse gases directly to the

atmosphere.
[SOURCE: ISO 14064-3:2019, modified]
3.1.12
distance

distance between two locations (origin, destination) that could either be actual distance covered or network or

planned distance
3.1.13
network distance

distance between two locations where there is a strict limitation in the possible routes due to the available

infrastructure options
3.1.14
planned distance

distance of the shortest route between two locations according to the respective infrastructure and operational

constraints for the journey and transport modes
3.1.15
empty trip
section of the route of a vehicle during which no cargo or parcel is transported
EXAMPLE (Re)positioning trips and empty backhauls are examples of empty trips.
3.1.16
energy
electricity, fuels, steam, heat, compressed air and other similar media

Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document, energy refers to the various types of energy, including renewable,

which can be purchased, stored, treated, used in an equipment or in a process, or recovered.

[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2018]
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3.1.17
energy carrier

substance or phenomenon that can be used to transfer energy or to operate chemical or physical processes.

EXAMPLE Such as electricity, combustible fuels, steam, heat and compressed air.
[SOURCE: ISO 13600:1997]
3.1.18
energy consumtion
quantity of energy applied
[SOURCE: EN ISO 50001:2018]
3.1.19
energy factor
factor relating activity data to energy consumption
3.1.20
energy use
manner or kind of application of energy
EXAMPLE Vehicle propulsion, cooling, heating.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 50001:2018, modified]
3.1.21
freight

goods, materials, commodities, parcels, etc. being transported from one location to another

[SOURCE: EN 14943:2005]
3.1.22
fuel consumtion
quantity of fuel (as an energy carrier) used

Note 1 to entry: For reasons of simplification, this definition includes all energy carriers, such as electricity.

Note 2 to entry: Fuel consumption should be expressed in most commonly understood units for each type of fuel, whilst

respecting scientific principles for accuracy of the calculation; normally this would mean volume (litres or gallons) for

liquid fuels, mass for gaseous fuels and kWh for electricity.

Note 3 to entry: For transport using electric traction, the fuel consumption is the total quantity of energy supplied minus

any energy returned by the vehicle and subsequently transmitted back to the energy grid or to other vehicles, when

vehicles are used as distributed power sources. Energy is returned (to the contact line) when electric traction has

regenerative braking or other types of reused energy such as waste heat recovery systems. The energy generated during

braking may be stored on the vehicle in question, or in shared systems such as rail transport may be made available to

other consumers connected to the contact line.
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3.1.23
fuel emission factor

factors that relate the emissions produced to the amount of a specific fuel that is consumed

Note 1 to entry: Depending on its nature, a fuel may have a factor for both direct and indirect emissions.

Note 2 to entry: Depending on the production process, what are nominally the same fuels at point of use may have

different indirect emission factors.

Note 3 to entry: Fuel emission factors should include both emissions that result from the feedstock production,

transformation and distribution processes and, where applicable (e.g. some biofuels), a consequential approach to induced

land use change.
Note 4 to entry: See Annex A for details on Energy and Emissions Factors.
3.1.24
global warming potential
GWP

factor describing the radiative forcing impact of one mass-based unit of a given greenhouse gas relative to an

equivalent unit of carbon dioxide over a period of one hundred years
[SOURCE: ISO 14064-1:2018, modified]
3.1.25
greenhouse gas
GHG

gaseous constituent of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorbs and emits radiation at

specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the earth’s surface, the atmosphere,

and clouds

Note 1 to entry: For a list of greenhouse gases, see latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment

Report. In this standard, GHGs are limited to, carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH), nitrous oxide (N O),

2 4 2

hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF ).

[SOURCE: ISO 14064-1:2018, modified]
3.1.26
greenhouse gas activity data
GHG activity data

quantitative measure of activity that results in the production or removal of GHG to or from the atmosphere

Note 1 to entry: For transport operations this is primarily the consumption of energy but may also include other activities

that can be translated into GHG emissions.

EXAMPLE For example, amount of packaging material used, cloud services, waste produced, refrigerant leakage.

[SOURCE: ISO 14064-1:2018, modified]
3.1.27
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