77.080 - Ferrous metals
ICS 77.080 Details
Ferrous metals
Eisenwerkstoffe
Metaux ferreux
Železne kovine
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This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of phosphorus in steel and cast iron. The method is applicable to phosphorus contents between 0,001 0 % (mass fraction) and 1,0 % (mass fraction).
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This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of niobium in steels.
The method is applicable to all grades of steels with niobium contents up to 1,3 % (by mass), with a lower limit of detection of 0,002 % (by mass).
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This document specifies a spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrogen in steels.
The method is primarily intended for the determination of total nitrogen in very low contents in non-alloy steels.
It can be used, however, for any low nitrogen ferrous alloy that is soluble in hydrochloric acid provided that the acid-resistant form of silicon nitride is not present. This highly resistant nitride has been found only in samples of silicon steels manufactured without aluminium addition and then only in sheet material.
The method is applicable to nitrogen contents from 0.000 5 % (by mass) to 0.005 % (by mass).
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This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of chromium content in steels and cast irons.
The method is applicable to non-alloy and low-alloy steels and cast irons with chromium contents between 0,002 % (by mass) to 2,0 % (by mass).
The method can be adapted to lower or higher chromium contents by changing the test portion or the dilution process, provided the criteria in 6.3.2 and 6.3.3 are still met.
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This part of IS0 9692 applies to types of joint preparation for submerged arc welding with one wire electrode (process 121 according to IS0 4063) on steel.
This part of IS0 9692 covers only the welding positions PA and PB according to IS0 6947. In case PC is used, special preparation will be necessary.
It applies to fully penetrated welds. For partly penetrated welds, types of joint preparation, shapes and dimensions may differ from the listed proposals if they are specified in the relevant application standard or agreed by parties concerned.
If the root is welded by a different arc welding process (see IS0 40631, the joint preparation according to IS0 9692 should be taken into account.
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This document specifies a routine method after fusion under inert gas for the determination of oxygen in steel. The method is applicable to contents of oxygen between 0,001 % (mass fraction) and 0,02 % (mass fraction).
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ISO 3887:2017 defines the decarburization and specifies three methods of measuring the depth of decarburization of steel products.
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This document defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons.
This document specifies 4 grades of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron by a classification based on the minimum mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples or samples cut from a casting.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559-1 [1] and EN 1559-3 [2]).
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This document specifies the properties of unalloyed and low-alloyed grey cast irons used for castings, which have been manufactured in sand moulds or in moulds with comparable thermal behaviour.
NOTE This document can also be applicable to grey cast irons cast in permanent moulds, provided the related cast samples are casted under the same conditions as the castings.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast irons by either
a) the tensile strength of cast samples,
b) if agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the tensile strength of samples cut from a casting,
c) the hardness determined on the castings or on a cast-on knob.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option c) may be specified.
This document specifies six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength determined on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples (see Table 1) and six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness (see Table 2).
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings; see EN 1559-1 [3] and EN 1559-3 [4].
This document does not apply to grey cast irons used for pipes and fittings according to EN 877 [5].
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This document defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons.
This document specifies 4 grades of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron by a classification based on the minimum mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples or samples cut from a casting.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559-1 [1] and EN 1559-3 [2]).
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This document specifies the properties of unalloyed and low-alloyed grey cast irons used for castings, which have been manufactured in sand moulds or in moulds with comparable thermal behaviour.
NOTE This document can also be applicable to grey cast irons cast in permanent moulds, provided the related cast samples are casted under the same conditions as the castings.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast irons by either
a) the tensile strength of cast samples,
b) if agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the tensile strength of samples cut from a casting,
c) the hardness determined on the castings or on a cast-on knob.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option c) may be specified.
This document specifies six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength determined on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples (see Table 1) and six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness (see Table 2).
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings; see EN 1559-1 [3] and EN 1559-3 [4].
This document does not apply to grey cast irons used for pipes and fittings according to EN 877 [5].
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This document specifies an order for listing elements within the chemical composition of steels and
most other iron-based alloys, excluding foundry irons.
NOTE This document has been developed and is used by ISO/TC 17/SC 4, but can also be used by other
ISO/TC 17 subcommittees.
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This document specifies an order for listing elements within the chemical composition of steels and most other iron-based alloys, excluding foundry irons.
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This document lists, under Clause 4, the European Standards which are currently available for the determination of the chemical composition of steels and cast irons.
In Clause 5, this document provides details on the range of application and gives the principle of the method described in each standard.
Items which are under preparation as European Standards or as CEN Technical Reports by ECISS/TC 102 are available on the webpage of CEN, through the following link: https://standards.cen.eu/dyn/www/f?p=204:22:0::::FSP_ORG_ID:733643&cs=123E58BF77E3DE921F548B80C5FF2E5D4.
Annex A gives a list of other European Standards and CEN Technical Reports applicable for the determination of the chemical composition of steels and cast irons.
Annex B gives a list of withdrawn Euronorms, together with the corresponding replacement European Standards, if any.
Annex C shows graphical representations of the content ranges of the methods listed in this document. Figure C.1 gives the content ranges of the referee methods, Figure C.2 gives the content ranges of the routine methods and Figure C.3 represents the fields of application of all the methods described.
Annex D provides a trilingual key of the abbreviations used in the Figures given in Annex C.
NOTE Three methods applicable for the analysis of some ferro-alloys are listed in Annex A.
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This document provides information about cast iron materials so that users and designers are in a better position to understand cast iron as a design material in its own right and to correctly specify cast iron for suitable applications. This document suggests what can be achieved, and what is not achievable when cast irons are specified as well as the reasons why. It is not designed to be a textbook of cast iron metallurgy. It is intended to help people to choose the correct material for the right reasons and to also help to obviate the specification or expectation of unrealistic additional requirements, which are unlikely to be met and which can be detrimental to the intended application.
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This document specifies methods for sampling and sample preparation for the determination of the
chemical composition of pig irons, cast irons and steels.
Methods are specified for both liquid and solid metal.
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This document specifies methods for sampling and sample preparation for the determination of the chemical composition of pig irons, cast irons and steels.
Methods are specified for both liquid and solid metal.
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This document specifies methods for sampling and sample preparation for the determination of the chemical composition of pig irons, cast irons and steels. Methods are specified for both liquid and solid metal.
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This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of
copper in steel and cast iron.
The method is applicable to copper contents in the range of 0,003 % (mass fraction) to 3,0 % (mass
fraction).
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This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of the vanadium content in steel.
The method is applicable to vanadium contents between 0,01 % (mass fraction) and 0,80 % (mass fraction), provided that the tungsten content in a 1,0 g test portion is not higher than 1,0 % and/or the titanium content is not higher than 0,5 %.
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This International Standard specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the
determination of the cobalt content in steel and iron.
The method is applicable to cobalt contents between 0,003 % (m/m) and 5,0 % (m/m).
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This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of copper in steel and cast iron.
The method is applicable to copper contents in the range of 0,003 % (mass fraction) to 3,0 % (mass fraction).
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This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of copper in steel and cast iron. The method is applicable to copper contents in the range of 0,003 % (mass fraction) to 3,0 % (mass fraction).
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This document presents a list of common practices in preparation methods of metallographic specimens for optical and scanning electron microscopy, including preliminary preparation, grinding and polishing of specimens as well as microstructure revelation methods covering the optical method, etching methods (chemical, electrolytic, constant potential, ion sputtering and high temperature relieving) and the interface layer method [1][2].
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This document defines terms relating to methods of the determination of the chemical composition of steel and steel products.
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ISO 18203:2016 specifies a method of measuring the case hardening depth, surface hardening depth, nitriding hardness depth and total thickness of surface hardening depth obtained, e.g. thermal (flame and induction hardening, electron beam hardening, laser beam hardening, etc.) or thermochemical (carbonitriding, carburizing and hardening, hardening and nitriding, etc.) treatment.
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This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of the vanadium content in steel.
The method is applicable to vanadium contents between 0,01 % (mass fraction) and 0,80 % (mass fraction), provided that the tungsten content in a 1,0 g test portion is not higher than 1,0 % and/or the titanium content is not higher than 0,5 %.
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This International Standard specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method for the
determination of the cobalt content in steel and iron.
The method is applicable to cobalt contents between 0,003 % (m/m) and 5,0 % (m/m).
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This document specifies a method of converting room temperature percentage elongations after
fracture obtained on various proportional and non-proportional gauge lengths to other gauge lengths.
Formula (1), on which conversions are based, is considered to be reliable when applied to austenitic
stainless steels within the tensile strength range 450 to 750 N/mm2 and in the solution treated
condition.
These conversions are not applicable to:
a) cold reduced steels;
b) quenched and tempered steels;
c) non-austenitic steels.
These conversions are not applicable when the gauge length exceeds 25 0S or where the width to
thickness ratio of the test piece exceeds 20.
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This document specifies a method of converting room temperature percentage elongations after
fracture obtained on various proportional and non-proportional gauge lengths to other gauge lengths.
Formula (1), on which conversions are based, is considered to be reliable when applied to carbon,
carbon manganese, molybdenum and chromium molybdenum steels within the tensile strength range
300 N/mm2 to 700 N/mm2 and in the hot-rolled, hot-rolled and normalized or annealed conditions, with
or without tempering.
These conversions are not applicable to:
a) cold reduced steels;
b) quenched and tempered steels;
c) austenitic steels.
These conversions are not applicable when the gauge length exceeds 25 S0 or where the width to
thickness ratio of the test piece exceeds 20.
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This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the low carbon content in unalloyed steel.
The method is applicable to carbon contents between 0,000 3 % (mass fraction) and 0,009 % (mass fraction).
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This document specifies the method for the verification of models for the determination of the property data of steels and the validation of the modelling process. It is applicable where modelling of mechanical or physical properties is used to substitute conventional testing for specific inspection. Models can be based on statistical data, thermo-physical data or indirect measurement (e.g. measurement of magnetic or ultrasonic data), or a combination of these methods.
This document applies only for providing the properties of rolled and/or heat-treated products such as plates, sheets, strip, sections and bars.
This document is used to demonstrate the ability of the model to supply property data which is equivalent to data, measured by conventional testing.
Any self-learning system is excluded from the scope.
NOTE A self-learning, in the spirit of an auto-adaptive model, is a model which changes its internal parameters by itself.
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This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for
the determination of the low carbon content in unalloyed steel.
The method is applicable to carbon contents between 0,000 3 % (mass fraction) and 0,009 % (mass
fraction).
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This document specifies the method for the verification and validation of models for the determination of the property data of steels. It is applicable where modelling of mechanical or physical properties is used to substitute conventional testing for specific inspection. Models can
be based on statistical data, thermo-physical data or indirect measurement (e.g. measurement of magnetic or ultrasonic data).
This document applies only for verification and validation of models for providing the properties of rolled or heat treated products such as plates, sheets, strip, sections, bars, etc.
This document is used to demonstrate the ability of the model to supply property data which is equivalent to data, which is measured by conventional testing.
NOTE: Validation of models is part of auditing the quality management system performed by an independent body.
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This document specifies an infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace for the determination of the low carbon content in unalloyed steel. The method is applicable to carbon contents between 0,000 3 % (mass fraction) and 0,009 % (mass fraction).
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This document specifies a potentiometric titration method for the determination of vanadium in steel and cast iron.
The method is applicable to vanadium contents between 0,04 % (mass fraction) and 2 % (mass fraction).
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This document provides guidance for calculating the CO2 intensity at steel plants with all types of process routes, by defining the boundary, CO2 emission factors and the intermediate products for which upstream emissions are considered for all types of process routes. In particular, this document provides guidance applicable to the ISO 14404 series to the types of steel plants listed below. This document also includes the Universal Calculation Sheet, which covers all relevant emission sources from ISO 14404-1, ISO 14404-2 and ISO 14404-3 to assist the calculation of CO2 emissions. i. Steel plants with different process routes from ISO 14404-1, ISO 14404-2 and ISO 14404-3 (7.2.1) ii. Steel plants with more than one process route (7.2.2) iii. Steel plants purchasing pig iron from the outside (7.2.3) iv. Steel plants and rerollers purchasing part or all of crude steel from outside (7.2.4) Moreover, this document provides additional guidance to the entire ISO 14404 series for the following topics. a) Evaluation of exported slags b) Evaluation of by-product gas c) Evaluation of stock d) Selection of calorific values and emission factors for electricity and fuel Conversion to energy consumption and to consumption efficiency can be obtained using Annex A. While the use of the calculation result is outside the scope of this document, appropriate applications and inappropriate application are recommended in Annex B.
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This document specifies an order for listing elements within the chemical composition of steels and most other iron-based alloys, excluding foundry irons. NOTE This document has been developed and is used by ISO/TC 17/SC 4, but can also be used by other ISO/TC 17 subcommittees.
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This document specifies a gravimetric method for the determination of the silicon content in steel and cast iron.
The method is applicable to silicon contents between 0,10 % (mass fraction) and 5,0 % {mass fraction).
NOTE For samples containing molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, zirconium or high levels of chromium, the results are less accurate than for unalloyed matrixes.
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This document specifies a potentiometric titration method for the determination of vanadium in steel
and cast iron.
The method is applicable to vanadium contents between 0,04 % (mass fraction) and 2 % (mass fraction).
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a potentiometric titration method for the determination of vanadium in steel and cast iron. The method is applicable to vanadium contents between 0,04 % (mass fraction) and 2 % (mass fraction).
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This document defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons. This document specifies five grades of ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron by a classification based on mechanical properties determined on machined test pieces prepared from: — separately cast samples, side-by-side cast or cast-on samples; — samples cut from a casting. This document also specifies two grades by a classification as a function of hardness.
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1 Scope This document specifies the properties of unalloyed and low-alloyed grey cast irons used for castings that have been manufactured in sand moulds or in moulds with comparable thermal behaviour. This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast irons by any of the following: a) the tensile strength of cast samples; b) if agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the tensile strength of samples cut from a casting; c) if agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser, the hardness of the material determined on castings or on a cast-on knob. If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of tensile strength from option a) or option b) and plus hardness from option c) can be specified. Information on specifying a combination of tensile strength and hardness is given in Annex B. This document specifies eight grades of grey cast iron according to tensile strength (see Table 1) and six grades of grey cast iron according to Brinell hardness (see Table 2). This document does not apply to grey cast irons used for pipes and pipe fittings and continuous cast products. This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for grey iron castings. NOTE General information on the engineering properties of grey cast irons is provided in ISO/TR 10809-1.
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EN-ISO 439 specifies a gravimetric method for the determination of the silicon content in steels and cast irons. The method is applicable to silicon contents between 0,10 % (mass fraction) and 5, 0 % {mass fraction).
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EN-ISO 643 specifies a micrographic method of determining apparent ferritic oraustenitic grain size in steels. It describes the methods of revealing grainboundaries and of estimating the mean grain size of specimens with unimodal sizedistribution. Although grains are three-dimensional in shape, the metallographicsectioning plane can cut through a grain at any point from a grain corner, tothe maximum diameter of the grain, thus producing a range of apparent grainsizes on the two-dimensional plane, even in a sample with a perfectly consistentgrain size.
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- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of the vanadium content in steel. The method is applicable to vanadium contents between 0,01 % (mass fraction) and 0,80 % (mass fraction), provided that the tungsten content in a 1,0 g test portion is not higher than 1,0 % and/or the titanium content is not higher than 0,5 %.
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This document specifies a gravimetric method for the determination of the silicon content in steel and cast iron. The method is applicable to silicon contents between 0,10 % (mass fraction) and 5,0 % {mass fraction). NOTE For samples containing molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, zirconium or high levels of chromium, the results are less accurate than for unalloyed matrixes.
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This document specifies a method of classifying the microstructure of graphite in cast irons by comparative visual analysis.
The purpose of this document is to provide information about the method of graphite classification. It is not intended to give information on the suitability of cast-iron types and grades for any particular application.
The particular material grades are specified mainly by mechanical properties and, in the case of austenitic and abrasion resistant cast irons, by their chemical composition. The interpretation of graphite form and size does not allow a statistically valid statement on the fulfilment of the requirements specified in the relevant material standard.
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