CEN/TC 240 - Thermal spraying and thermally spraying coatings

This document is applicable for thermal sprayed coatings. It contains basic recommendations for the design of components, which have to be completely or partially coated. The recommendations are applicable for new manufacturing as well as for repair of worn components. The coating can be of metallic, metal-ceramic, oxide-ceramic materials or polymers.

This document specifies requirements for classification of metal and non-metal wires (solid and cored), rods, cords processed by means of thermal spraying, especially by arc and flame spraying.

This document specifies the procedure for thermal spraying of self-fluxing alloys that are simultaneously or subsequently fused to create a homogeneous, diffusion-bonded coating.

This document describes the procedure for the measurement of the feed rate for thermal spraying with spray materials in powder form in a production environment.
The application of this document is essential if information on the feed rate of a spray material in powder form is required when using a thermal spraying method.
It is applicable to any thermal spraying method using spray materials in powder form (see EN ISO 14917) where the technical installation used allows the spray powder to be fed through without an activated spray gun.
The determination of the feed rate is mandatory for the preparation of thermal spray procedure specifications in accordance with EN 17002 and the determination of the deposition efficiency in accordance with EN ISO 17836.

This document specifies quality requirements for manufacturers of thermal sprayed coatings to ensure quality assurance for activities in the field of production.
NOTE      It is independent of the availability of a quality management system, e.g. ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO 45001, which concern the concept and organization of the quality management.
This document defines the quality requirements that are of importance for the manufacturing route.
This document is applicable to thermal spraying including all the pre- and post-treatments of the whole coating process for new parts, for repairs and maintenance (e.g. after service) at the workshop or on site.

This document specifies safety requirements of machines and equipment for thermal spraying, in this case of gas control units. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with Part 1, which deals with general aspects when designing, manufacturing, and/or putting in service of machines or equipment.
Generally the requirements of EU Directive 2014/34/EU are valid for the use of this document.

This document specifies how the symbolic representation of thermally sprayed coatings is indicated on drawings.

This document specifies the procedure for the determination of coating strength, and hence of cohesive strength in a tubular coating tensile test.
The test is intended to determine the tensile coating strength parallel to the spray layers (normal to the spray direction) and to identify differences in particle cohesion quality, as caused by defects as internal delamination at cracks or oxides between the spray particles or splats.
The tubular coating tensile test is suitable for sprayed coatings deposited using metallic materials (not carbides and ceramics).
The tubular coating tensile test is not suitable for fused sprayed coatings deposited using self-fluxing alloys.
The test supports quality assurance and is intended to be applied for the purpose of coating optimization by identifying the influences of coating parameters and spray materials on the coatings's quality. Furthermore, the coating in particular for cold sprayed coatings can be compared with the characteristics of similar solid materials and the coating's quality can be assessed.
This test is not recommended for thin coatings (coating thickness < 500 µm), since massive scattering of results is to be expected here. Due to the size of the specimen, it is particularly suitable to apply the tubular coating tensile test for coating processes that use a concentrated spray jet and a highly focused spray spot, as in the case of cold spraying, high velocity flame spraying (HVOF) or plasma spraying. Applying the tubular coating tensile test for coating processes that use a broad spray jet, such as flame spraying and arc spraying, may require special spraying measures, e.g. the use of a template to ensure a nearly vertical impingement angle.

This document specifies requirements for the protection of iron and steel surfaces against corrosion by applying thermal-sprayed metallic coatings of zinc, aluminium or their alloys.
In this document, requirements for the planning of the corrosion protection system and for the constructive design of the component to be protected are specified, where thermal spraying is intended to be the process for the deposition of the metallic corrosion protection.
Some field-related basic terms are defined and instructions for corrosion behaviour of the zinc and aluminium materials under different environment conditions are provided.
Characteristic properties of the coating, e.g. coating thickness, minimum adhesive strength and surface appearance, are specified and test procedures for thermal-sprayed corrosion protection coatings of zinc, aluminium or their alloys are determined.
This document is valid for applying thermal-sprayed zinc and aluminium protection coatings against corrosion in the temperature range between −50 °C to +200 °C, taking into consideration the service conditions of any sealants used. Heat-resistant protective coatings of aluminium are covered by ISO 17834 and are not in the scope of this document.
Other corrosion protection processes, e.g. hot-dip galvanizing (galvanic coating), sherardizing, electroplating or selection and deposition of organic coatings/paints are not in the scope of this document.
Requirements for the manufacturing of thermal-sprayed coatings are specified in ISO 2063-2.

This European standard defines the requirements to be specified in the coating specification for a thermally sprayed coating. It applies to components and workpieces made of metallic or non-metallic materials that are to be partially or completely coated with thermally sprayed coatings. The coating can be made of metals, metal ceramics, oxide ceramics or plastics. Additional requirements for the coating manufacturer that are not coating-specific are intended to be included by defining the technical supply conditions according to EN ISO 12670.
The requirements defined in this standard are intended to be met by a component-related thermal spray procedure specification (TSPS) prepared by the coating manufacturer. The thermal spray procedure specification is intended to be documented and component-related to ensure traceability. For details, see FprEN 17002.
Proof that the requirements of the coating specification are met by the application of the thermal spray procedure specification can be provided by performing a component-related procedure qualification according to EN 15648.
If specific coating requirements cannot be specified by the customer, they are intended to be agreed with the contractor on the basis of the requirements for the sprayed coating - e.g. against fretting wear at high temperatures - and on the basis of the contractor's past experience.

This document specifies the processing of surface preparation for thermal spraying. Important principles indicated in this European Standard are intended to be taken into consideration when surfaces of metallic parts are to be prepared for thermal spraying. This document applies for production of new parts as well as for the repair of worn parts.
This document does not apply for thermal spraying in the case of protection against atmospheric corrosion by coatings of zinc and/or aluminium and their alloys, for which EN ISO 2063-1:2017 and EN ISO 2063-2:2017 apply.

The thermal spray procedure specification (TSPS) is a critically important quality assurance document in the production workflow when producing a thermally sprayed coating.
This document defines the minimum requirements to be followed for the content of a thermal spray procedure specification. When using the thermal spray procedure specification, the requirements of the coating specification are intended to be met. To ensure traceability, the thermal spray procedure specification is intended to be documented and component-related.
Tests and test scopes are intended to be defined by the manufacturer of the coating in a separate test plan according to the requirements of the coating specification.

This European Standard specifies requirements for the acceptance inspection of thermal spraying equipment, in this case the pressurized part only for low pressure and controlled atmosphere plasma spraying, used in spray jobs to produce thermally sprayed coatings of reproducible quality.
This part is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1395-1, which includes general requirements and explanations of procedures.
The plasma spraying system itself is intended to be acceptance inspected according to EN 1395-4.

ISO 14918:2018 specifies procedural instructions for qualification testing of thermal sprayers. It defines requirements, ranges of qualification, test conditions, acceptance requirements and certification for qualification testing of thermal spray performance.
ISO 14918:2018 is applicable when the thermal sprayer's qualification is required by this document, the purchaser, by inspection authorities or by other organizations.
The thermal spraying processes referred to in this document include those spraying processes which are designated as manual or mechanized.
The test for mechanised application includes the use of automatically controlled thermal spraying, e.g. robotics, scan units.

ISO 17836:2017 specifies a test procedure to determine the deposition efficiency for thermal spraying. It provides a reliable comparison method between different spray processes and different feed stock.
It is applicable for all thermal spray processes (see ISO 14917) and all wire, rod, cord and powder spray materials.
It is applicable when data concerning the deposition efficiency of a spray process in connection with a defined spray material are required.

ISO 2063-2:2017 specifies requirements for corrosion protection of steel structures, components or parts, which are coated by thermal spraying of zinc, aluminium or their alloys.
ISO 2063-2:2017 specifies requirements for coating manufacturers of surface preparation, thermal spraying, testing and post treatments, e.g. sealing of the coating. ISO 2063-2:2017 applies to metallic corrosion protection coatings in the case of new fabrication in the workshop, as well as on-site and for repair on-site after assembly.
Requirements for coating thickness, minimum adhesive strength and surface conditions, specified in a coating specification, are given.
Recommendations are given for suitable process steps and quality assurance measures for new production and maintenance and for supervising of corrosion protection works.
ISO 2063-2:2017 covers the application of thermal-sprayed zinc, aluminium and their alloys for protection against corrosion in the temperature range between ?50 °C to +200 °C. Heat-resistant protective coatings of aluminium are covered by ISO 17834 and are not in the scope of ISO 2063-2:2017.
ISO 2063-2:2017 specifies requirements for the equipment, the working place and the qualification of the spray and testing personnel.
NOTE       ISO 2063‑1:2017 is addressed to the designer and to the planning engineer of corrosion protection system.

ISO 14232-1:2017 specifies measuring methods for the characterization of powders and their technical supply conditions. It is applicable to powders that are used in thermal spraying on the basis of their physical and chemical properties.

ISO 14916:2017 specifies the procedure to determine the tensile adhesive strength of thermally sprayed coatings under tension in the direction normal to the surface of the coating by applying a tensile test. By using this procedure, comparability of the test results is ensured.
The test is intended to determine the tensile adhesive strength between the thermally sprayed coating and the substrate material or between the bond and top coat and/or of the cohesive strength of the related coat of the coating system. In some cases, thermally sprayed coatings might have more than two layers. The method specified in this document applies also to determine the tensile adhesive strength between the interfaces of different layers in a coating system which consists of more than two layers.
This test is sufficient to compare coatings manufactured using same or similar feedstock materials and thermal spray processes with each other. The tensile adhesive strength test is not intended to provide absolute values for evaluation of the durability of coatings under operational use.
The test is used to assess the influence of substrate preparation, the spraying conditions and the process parameter on the tensile adhesive strength of thermally sprayed coatings. It can also be employed in order to monitor the consistency of the manufacturing and spraying processes.
NOTE          This tensile test can also be applied to very thin coatings. Moreover, the infiltration of bonding agent into the thermally sprayed coatings containing a required level of porosity can be minimized using an appropriate bonding agent (foil rather than liquid). For further instructions, please refer to 6.5.3. This tensile test is inappropriate for determining the adhesive strength of fused spray coatings deposited using self-fluxing alloys due to their inherent high adhesion strength values.

ISO 14917:2017 defines processes and general terms for thermal spraying. It classifies thermal spraying processes according to type of spray material, to type of operation and to type of energy carrier. It specifies abbreviations for spray processes, sprayed coatings, and manufacturing steps.

This European standard specifies the procedure of the measurement of the electrical conductivity of non-Ferro-magnetic thermal sprayed coatings. By this measurement the absolute value of the electrical conductivity in the coating sprayed on component can be determined as well as also deviations from the agreed rated value can be used to control a running production. With that, a remarkable contribution can be applied to process and quality assurance measures of a manufacture process.

ISO 12670:2011 specifies technical supply conditions for parts with thermally sprayed coatings for the manufacturing or repair of components.

ISO 12679:2011 includes general guidelines for the workmanlike production of metallic, metal-ceramic, oxide-ceramic and plastic coatings, by means of thermal spraying on metallic and non-metallic parent materials.
ISO 12679:2011 provides recommendations for an appropriate and practical spray set-up, faultless manufacturing, monitoring, quality assurance and for non-destructive and destructive tests on the component and accompanying specimen. It describes details about negative effects which can occur. It also gives advice on how to prevent such effects.
Permissible coating loads and evaluation categories for quality are not the subject of ISO 12679:2011, as they are dependent on the operating conditions.
ISO 12679:2011 can be used for contract purposes.

This Technical Report specifies with safety requirements of equipment for thermal spraying, in this case of gas supply including supply of liquid fuels. It deals with safety requirements for storage and the high pressure piping system from storage to the gas control unit or pressure regulator equipment. Safety requirements for gas hoses, hose assembly and torches are presented in CEN/TR 15339-3.
This document should be used in conjunction with CEN/TR 15339-1, which deals with general aspects of designing, manufacturing, and/or putting into service of machines or equipment and with the responsibility to issue the CE Conformity Declaration.

This Technical Report specifies safety requirements of equipment for thermal spraying, in this case of spray torches, gas hoses, hose assemblies and their electrical and water junctions in junction and monitoring boxes and power sources.
Equipment and storage for gas and liquid fuel supply are presented in CEN/TR 15339-4.
This document should be used in conjunction with CEN/TR 15339-1, which deals with general aspects when designing, manufacture, and/or putting into service of machines or equipment and with the responsibility to issue the CE Conformity Declaration.
Spraying equipment for specific thermal spraying processes, induction plasma spraying, water stabilized plasma spraying and plasma spraying in chambers (below or above atmospheric pressure) are not within the scope of this Technical Report.

This Technical Report specifies and indicates safety requirements of machines, machine accessories, and equipment for thermal spraying. The provisions stated in this document are intended for the designer, manufacturer, integrator, and user of thermal spray equipment.
Safety requirements of specific and auxiliary components of a thermal spray system will be focused in further parts. (For details, see Clause 3).

This Technical Report specifies safety requirements of equipment for thermal spraying, in this case of powder and wire feed units.
This part of CEN/TR 15339 should be used in conjunction with CEN/TR 15339-1, which deals with general aspects of designing, manufacturing, and/or putting in service of machines or equipment and with the responsibility for issuing the CE Conformity Declaration.

This Technical Report defines safety requirements of machines and equipment for thermal spraying, in this case of spray booths, handling, dust collection, exhaust, and filter systems.
This Technical Report shall be used in conjunction with the standard prEN 15339-1 which deals with general aspects for design, manufacture, and/or put into service of machines or equipment and with the responsibility to issue the CE Conformity Declaration.
Generally the requirements of EU Directive 94/9/EC [1] are valid for the use of this Technical Report.

ISO 13123:2011 applies to the test method of cyclic heating to evaluate the thermal-barrier performance and cyclic heat resistance of the thermal-barrier coatings provided for high-temperature components, such as burners, rotor and stator blades, etc. of power-generation gas turbines used in thermal power plants, aircraft engines and rocket engines.

ISO 14921:2010 specifies the general procedure, when a thermally sprayed coating is applied to enhance the surface properties of a component or to reclaim worn and non-conforming parts.
ISO 14921:2010 does not provide definitive methods for specific work due to the variety of the technological, physical and/or chemical requirements and of the component's shape.
ISO 14921:2010 specifies the general conditions for the selection of the spraying procedure and materials for this  purpose. ISO 14921:2010 does not apply to thermally sprayed zinc and/or aluminium coatings for protection of steel structures against atmospheric corrosion, for which ISO 2063 applies.
ISO 14921:2010 also does not apply to coatings of self-fluxing alloys which are subsequently fused. That procedure is covered by ISO 14920.

ISO 12690:2010 specifies the tasks and responsibilities necessary to ensure the quality of a thermal sprayed coating or a coated component, including the coordination of activities related to thermal spraying.
Thermal spraying coordination can be carried out by one or a number of persons within the same company or manufacturing department.
The responsibilities of the spraying coordinator are specified by the manufacturer.

This European Standard defines the requirements for a qualification of a spray procedure specification. It indicates the conditions for applying the procedure qualification and the qualification for a range of components. These components should be similar to the tested component in shape, physical and chemical behaviour, and in properties. This is especially valid in the case of a client’s requirement for a qualification. Likewise, it could also be applied in the case of a company’s internal quality requirements.
This European Standard is also applicable to the manufacture of new parts and repairs of components made of metallic and non-metallic materials.

This European Standard specifies the procedure for determination of the shear load resistance of thermally sprayed coatings, provided that a minimum thickness is given.
Additionally this European Standard defines the shear load resistance and the designation of the fracture’s structure on the test specimen, which occurs when the shear adhesive or adhesive/ cohesive or cohesive strength of the coating or the coating system will be exceeded.
The test report is the basis for comparative statements regarding shear load resistance and structure of fracture.
NOTE   The test for the determination of the shear load resistance is not recommended for sprayed coatings thinner than approximately 150 µm because the adjustment of shear distance becomes critical.

This European Standard specifies requirements for the acceptance inspection of thermal spraying equipment in the case flame spraying including HVOF (high velocity oxygen-fuel), used in spray jobs to produce thermally sprayed coatings of reproducible quality.
This part should be used in conjunction with EN 1395-1, which includes general requirements and explanations of procedures.

This European Standard specifies requirements for the acceptance inspection of thermal spraying equipment, in this case plasma spraying, used in spray jobs to produce thermally sprayed coatings of reproducible quality.
This part should be used in conjunction with EN 1395-1, which includes general requirements and explanations of procedures.

This European Standard specifies requirements for the acceptance inspection of thermal spraying equipment, in this case arc spraying, used to produce thermally sprayed coatings of reproducible quality.
This part should be used in conjunction with EN 1395-1, which includes general requirements and explanations of procedures.

This European Standard specifies requirements for the acceptance inspection of thermal spraying equipment in this case manipulator systems used in spray jobs to produce thermally sprayed coatings of reproducible quality.
This part should be used in conjunction with EN 1395-1, which includes general requirements and explanations of procedures.

This European Standard specifies requirements for the acceptance inspection of thermal spraying equipment including plasma (atmospheric and with controlled atmosphere in chambers), arc and flame including HVOF (high velocity oxygen-fuel) spray systems, as well as manipulator and powder feed systems used in spray jobs to produce thermally sprayed coatings of reproducible quality.
This European Standard is applied to thermal spray equipment where components are supplied by one manufacturer/supplier. If one or more interdependent components of the thermal spray equipment are not from the same manufacturer/supplier the technical specification will be agreed between the manufacturer/supplier and user/customer.
This European Standard is intended to form the basis of technical delivery conditions.

This European Standard specifies requirements for the acceptance inspection of thermal spraying equipment in the case of powder feed units used in spray jobs to produce thermally sprayed coatings of reproducible quality.
This part should be used in conjunction with EN 1395-1, which includes general requirements and explanations of procedures.
This part should be used in addition to EN 1395-2 when carrying out acceptance inspection for flame and/or HVOF (high velocity oxygen-fuel) spraying equipment, or EN 1395-4 when carrying out acceptance inspection for plasma spraying equipment.

ISO 14924:2005 specifies the treatment and finishing of thermally sprayed coatings. It is applicable to different types of mechanical post treatment, chemical treatment, and thermal treatment, including chip cutting and other mechanical processes, to sealing, pickling and painting, and fusing, diffusion annealing and hot isostatic pressing.

ISO 17834:2003 is applicable to sprayed metal coatings for protection against corrosion at temperatures up to 1 000 °C (1 273 K).
For the protection of iron and steel by sprayed aluminium and zinc coatings against atmospheric corrosion reference should be made to ISO 2063.

ISO 14923:2003 specifies an overview of the characteristics of coatings produced by thermal spraying.
It is not possible in ISO 14923:2003 to go into details regarding the different types of coatings and large numbers of coatings due to the fact that all meltable materials can be processed by thermal spraying and that so many and varied thermal spraying processes exist. The tests described are procedures and test criteria in general use for thermally sprayed coatings.
Any test methods not mentioned are only used in special cases or under laboratory conditions.

This European Standard applies for thermal sprayed coatings. It contains basic recommendations for the design of components, which have to be completely or partially coated. The recommendations apply for new manufacturing as well as for repair of worn components. The coating may be of metallic, metal-ceramic, oxide-ceramic materials or polymers.

ISO 14919:2015 specifies requirements for classification of metal and non-metal wires (solid and cored), rods, cords processed by means of thermal spraying, especially by arc and flame spraying.

ISO 14920:2015 defines the procedure for thermal spraying of self-fluxing alloys that are simultaneously or subsequently fused to create a homogeneous, diffusion bonded coating.

This standard specifies guidelines to describe thermal spraying quality requirements suitable for application by the manufacturers using the thermal spraying process for coating new parts, for repair and maintenance. They are structured in the way that they can be used for any type of construction to be sprayed. These guidelines relate only to those aspects of the quality of the final construction to be sprayed which may be influenced by thermal spraying and allied processes (pre- and posttreatment, etc.).

This standard specifies requirements so that: -it is independent of the type of the thermally sprayed structure; - it defines quality requirements for thermal spraying both in workshops and on site; - it provides guidance for describing a manufacturer's capability to produce thermally sprayed constructions to meet specified requirements; - it may also be used as a basis for assessing the manufacturer in respect to his thermal spraying capability.

This standard specifies requirements so that: - it is independent of the type of the thermally sprayed structure; - it defines quality requirements for thermal spraying both in workshops and on site; - it provides guidance for describing a manufacturer's capability to produce thermally sprayed constructions to meet specified requirements; - it may also be used as a basis for assessing the manufacturer in respect to his thermal spraying capability.

This standard specifies requirements so that: It is independant of the type of the thermally structure. - It defines quality requirements for thermal spraying both in workshops and on site. - It provides guidance for describing a manufacturer's capability to produce thermally sprayed constructions to meet specified requirements. - It may also be used as a basis for assessing the manufacturer in respect to his thermal spraying capability.

This European Standard specifies safety requirements of machines and equipment for thermal spraying, in this case of gas control units. This European Standard should be used in conjunction with the Part 1 which deals with general aspects when designing, manufacturing, and/or putting in service of machines or equipment.
Generally the requirements of EU-Directive 94/9/EC are valid for the use of this European Standard.

ISO 12671:2012 specifies how the symbolic representation of thermally sprayed coatings has to be indicated on drawings.