CEN/TC 19/WG 21 - Specification for unleaded petrol

This document specifies requirements on petrol fuel for use as fuel in small engines, together with the methods to be applied for testing these properties.
This document specifies requirements for two types of petrol fuel having low aromatics and sulfur content:
- one type for use in four-stroke engines with separate lubrication; and
- one mixed petrol fuel type for use in mixture-lubricated engines.
Testing the properties of the added engine oil is out of the scope of this document.
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This document specifies a procedure for the determination of dry residue in ethanol by gravimetric (desiccation) method in the range (10 to 25) mg/100 ml.
NOTE In an interlaboratory study [2] the method described has been tested at levels down to 3,5 mg/100 ml, but the precision appeared to be insufficient at such low levels.
WARNING - Use of this document can involve hazardous equipment, materials and operations. This method does not purport to address to all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the document, and to fulfil statutory and regulatory restrictions for this purpose.

This document is intended to inform about the potential technical consequences on engine parts and fuel systems when some types of chemical compounds are used as blending components in unleaded petrol. This document is not meant to intentionally limit market fuel development.
The chemical compounds addressed, specifically, in this document are:
-   sec-butyl acetate (SBA) (CAS 105-46-4),
-   aniline (CAS 62-53-3),
-   N-methyl aniline (NMA) (CAS 100-61-8),
-   N-ethyl aniline (NEA) (CAS 103-69-5), and
-   N,N di-methyl aniline (DMA) (CAS 121-69-7).
Other chemical compounds are not addressed in this document, however, attention is drawn to EN 228, which requires that unleaded petrol be free from any adulterant or contaminant that can render the fuel unacceptable for use.
NOTE 1   This document does not address environmental and/or health related issues. These aspects are beyond the scope of CEN/TC 19 activities.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the term "% (V/V)" is used to represent the volume fraction, φ.

Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren für gehandelten und ausgelieferten Ethanolkraftstoff (E85) fest. Es ist anwendbar auf Ethanolkraftstoff (E85) zur Verwendung in Fahrzeugen mit Ottomotor, die für den Einsatz dieses Kraftstoffs (E85) ausgerüstet sind.
Ethanolkraftstoff (E85) ist ein Gemisch von nominell 85 % (V/V) Ethanol und unverbleitem Benzin, umfasst aber auch die Möglichkeit verschiedener „jahreszeitlicher Klassen“, die mehr als 50 % (V/V) Ethanol enthalten.
ANMERKUNG 1 Für die Zwecke dieses Dokuments wird zur Angabe des Massenanteils der Ausdruck „% (m/m)“ und für den Volumenanteil der Ausdruck „% (V/V)“ verwendet.
ANMERKUNG 2 Für diese Europäische Norm gelten A-Abweichungen (siehe Anhang C).

This Technical Report explains the requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol (E85) automotive fuel according to EN 15293. It provides background information on the final text of the draft European standard and gives guidance and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers and users of ethanol (E85) automotive fuel.
It is applicable to ethanol (E85) for use in spark ignition engine vehicles designed to run on ethanol (E85). Ethanol (E85) is a mixture of nominally 85 % ethanol and 15 % petrol, but it also includes the possibility of having different 'seasonal grades' containing 50 % or more ethanol.
NOTE 1   This document is directly related to prEN 15293:2017 and will be updated if further revisions to the standard take place.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered unleaded petrol. It is applicable to unleaded petrol for use in petrol engine vehicles designed to run on unleaded petrol.
This European Standard specifies two types of unleaded petrol: one type with a maximum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 10,0 % (V/V) in Table 1, and one type intended for older vehicles that are not warranted to use unleaded petrol with a high biofuel content, with a maximum oxygen content of 2,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 5,0 % (V/V) in Table 2.
NOTE 1   The two types are based on European Directive requirements [3], [4], ![11]".
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol to be used as an extender for automotive fuel for petrol engine vehicles in accordance with the requirements of EN 228 [5]. It is applicable to ethanol used for blending at all levels up to and including 85 % (V/V).
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the term “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.

This Technical Report describes a study executed to evaluate the performance of representative vehicles of current and recent production when operating on petrol fuels containing up to 10 % (V/V) ethanol. Vehicle performance evaluations included regulated and evaporative emissions as well as hot and cold weather driveability. The testing procedures used in each of the three main vehicle studies were adapted to the requirements of the testing facilities.
The studies were designed to demonstrate whether a relaxation in the E70max, E100max, and VLI limits in EN 228 would introduce unacceptable vehicle driveability or regulated emissions performance problems. The results were used to advise CEN/TC 19/WG 21 on the revision of the EN 228 petrol specification [1]. A procedure for future revision of EN 228 (see Annex A) was also developed.

This Technical Report provides information to the blender on all the effects when blending oxygenates and alcohols in order to fulfil legal limitations put in place through the revised Fuels Quality Directive and in order to remain in spec for EN 228 unleaded petrol requirements.
This Technical Report is published as background information.
NOTE   For the purposes of this Technical Report, the terms % (m/m) and % (V/V) are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction.

This European Standard specifies a test method for the determination of the electrical conductivity in ethanol and ethanol (E85) automotive fuel in the range from approximately (0,3 to 5) µS/cm at a temperature of 25 °C (see Clause 4). The electrical conductivity is determined from the measured electrical conductance.
The electrical conductivity is an important analytical criterion for the ascertainment and control of anionic and cationic components in ethanol and ethanol fuel. Some of these components can exhibit corrosive properties.

This European Standard specifies a procedure for the determination of appearance of ethanol by visual method. The method enables to determine colour and limpidity of ethanol.
NOTE   Automotive fuel standards require a fuel to be clear and bright, meaning absent of particles, respectively absent of haziness. For this document that requirement is combined into a limpidity requirement.

This document provides general guidance on automotive fuel handling. It does not pre-empt national or local regulations. It only addresses the issue of cross contamination between petrol and diesel automotive fuels that may occur in the supply chain, during manufacturing, storage, transportation or distribution. There may also be a risk of contamination with other products such as kerosene/jet fuel and off road diesel. The guidance principles described in this document would apply equally to managing these risks although some details may be different.

This document provides general guidance on petrol fuel housekeeping. It does not pre-empt national or local regulations but addresses the issues of contamination by water or sediment that may occur in the supply chain during manufacture, storage and/or transportation. It does not address contamination by other products, nor does it address possible contamination by water or sediment that may occur on board vehicles, however, an informative note on vehicle factors is presented in Annex A.

This document specifies a fluorescent indicator adsorption method for the determination of hydrocarbon types over the concentration ranges from 5 % (V/V) to 99 % (V/V) aromatic hydrocarbons, 0,3 % (V/V) to 55 % (V/V) olefins, and 1 % (V/V) to 95 % (V/V) saturated hydrocarbons in petroleum fractions that distil below 315 °C. This method can apply to concentrations outside these ranges, but the precision has not been determined.
When samples containing oxygenated blending components are analysed, the hydrocarbon type results can be reported on an oxygenate-free basis or, when the oxygenate content is known, the results can be corrected to a total-sample basis.
This test method is applicable to full boiling range products. Cooperative data have established that the precision statement does not apply to petroleum fractions with narrow boiling ranges near the 315 °C limit. Such samples are not eluted properly, and results are erratic.
It does not apply to samples containing dark-coloured components that interfere with reading the chromatographic bands that cannot be analysed.
NOTE 1   The oxygenated blending components methanol, ethanol, tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE), methyl tert-pentyl ether (TAME) and tert-butyl ethyl ether (ETBE) do not interfere with the determination of hydrocarbon types at concentrations normally found in commercial petroleum blends. These oxygenated compounds are not detected since they elute with the alcohol desorbent. The effects of other oxygenated compounds are individually verified.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies requirements on petrol fuel for use as fuel in small engines, together with the methods to be applied for testing these properties.
This document specifies requirements for two types of petrol fuel having low aromatics and sulfur content:
- one type for use in four-stroke engines with separate lubrication; and
- one mixed petrol fuel type for use in mixture-lubricated engines.
Testing the properties of the added engine oil is out of the scope of this document.
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered unleaded petrol. It is applicable to unleaded petrol for use in petrol engine vehicles designed to run on unleaded petrol.
This document specifies two types of unleaded petrol:
-   one type with a maximum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 10,0 % (V/V) in Table 1;
-   one type in Table 2 with a maximum oxygen content of 2,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 5,0 % (V/V) intended for older vehicles that are not warranted to use unleaded petrol defined in Table 1.
NOTE 1   The two types are based on European Directive requirements [3], [4] and [10].
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered unleaded petrol. It is applicable to unleaded petrol for use in petrol engine vehicles designed to run on unleaded petrol.
This European Standard specifies two types of unleaded petrol: one type with a maximum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 10,0 % (V/V) in Table 1, and one type intended for older vehicles that are not warranted to use unleaded petrol with a high biofuel content, with a maximum oxygen content of 2,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 5,0 % (V/V) in Table 2.
NOTE 1   The two types are based on European Directive requirements [3], [4].
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.

This document specifies a fluorescent indicator adsorption method for the determination of hydrocarbon types over the concentration ranges from 5 % (V/V) to 99 % (V/V) aromatic hydrocarbons, 0,3 % (V/V) to 55 % (V/V) olefins, and 1 % (V/V) to 95 % (V/V) saturated hydrocarbons in petroleum fractions that distil below 315 °C. This method can apply to concentrations outside these ranges, but the precision has not been determined.
When samples containing oxygenated blending components are analysed, the hydrocarbon type results can be reported on an oxygenate-free basis or, when the oxygenate content is known, the results can be corrected to a total-sample basis.
This test method is applicable to full boiling range products. Cooperative data have established that the precision statement does not apply to petroleum fractions with narrow boiling ranges near the 315 °C limit. Such samples are not eluted properly, and results are erratic.
It does not apply to samples containing dark-coloured components that interfere with reading the chromatographic bands that cannot be analysed.
NOTE 1   The oxygenated blending components methanol, ethanol, tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE), methyl tert-pentyl ether (TAME) and tert-butyl ethyl ether (ETBE) do not interfere with the determination of hydrocarbon types at concentrations normally found in commercial petroleum blends. These oxygenated compounds are not detected since they elute with the alcohol desorbent. The effects of other oxygenated compounds are individually verified.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies a procedure for the determination of dry residue in ethanol by gravimetric (desiccation) method in the range (10 to 25) mg/100 ml.
NOTE   In an interlaboratory study [2] the method described has been tested at levels down to 3,5 mg/100 ml, but the precision appeared to be insufficient at such low levels.
WARNING - Use of this document may involve hazardous equipment, materials and operations. This method does not purport to address to all of the safety problems associated with its use, but it is the responsibility of the user to search and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

No scope available

This European Standard specifies a fluorescent indicator adsorption method for the determination of hydrocarbon types over the concentration ranges from 5 % (V/V) to 99 % (V/V) aromatic hydrocarbons, 0,3 % (V/V) to 55 % (V/V) olefins, and 1 % (V/V) to 95 % (V/V) saturated hydrocarbons in petroleum fractions that distil below 315 ºC. This method may apply to concentrations outside these ranges, but the precision has not been determined.
When samples containing oxygenated blending components are analysed, the hydrocarbon type results can be reported on an oxygenate-free basis or, when the oxygenate content is known, the results can be corrected to a total-sample basis.
This test method is for use with full boiling range products. Cooperative data have established that the precision statement does not apply to petroleum fractions with narrow boiling ranges near the 315 °C limit. Such samples are not eluted properly, and results are erratic.
Samples containing dark-coloured components that interfere with reading the chromatographic bands cannot be analysed.
NOTE 1   The oxygenated blending components methanol, ethanol, tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE), methyl tert-pentyl ether (TAME) and tert-butyl ethyl ether (ETBE) do not interfere with the determination of hydrocarbon types at concentrations normally found in commercial petroleum blends. These oxygenated compounds are not detected since they elute with the alcohol desorbent. The effects of other oxygenated compounds should be individually verified.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
WARNING — The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices

This Technical Specification specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel. It is applicable to Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel for use in spark ignition engine vehicles designed to run on Ethanol (E85).
Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel is a mixture of nominally 85 % (V/V) ethanol complying to EN 15376 and petrol complying to EN 228, but also including the possibility of having different "seasonal grades" containing more than 50 % (V/V) ethanol.
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This Technical Report explains the requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol (E85) automotive fuel according to CEN/TS 15293. It provides background information to judge the (approval of the) final text of the standard and gives guidance and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers and users of ethanol (E85) automotive fuel.
NOTE 1   This document is directly related to the pending revision of CEN/TS 15293:2011 and will be updated once further publications take place.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered unleaded petrol. It is applicable to unleaded petrol for use in petrol engine vehicles designed to run on unleaded petrol.
This European Standard specifies two types of unleaded petrol: one type with a maximum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 10,0 % (V/V) in Table 1, and one type intended for older vehicles that are not warranted to use unleaded petrol with a high biofuel content, with a maximum oxygen content of 2,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 5,0 % (V/V) in Table 2.
NOTE 1   The two types are based on European Directive requirements [3], [4].
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol to be used as an extender for automotive fuel for petrol engine vehicles in accordance with the requirements of EN 228.
NOTE 1   This document gives all relevant characteristics, requirements and test methods for (bio)ethanol, which are known at this time to be necessary to define the product to be used up to a maximum 10 % (V/V) blending component for automotive petrol fuel. The requirements need to be restudied if the percentage or use is expanded beyond 10 % volume.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the term % (m/m) and % (V/V) are used to represent the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction respectively.

This Technical Report explains the requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol (E85) automotive fuel according to EN 15293. It provides background information to judge the (approval of the) final text of the standard and gives guidance and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers and users of ethanol (E85) automotive fuel.
NOTE 1   This document is directly related to prEN 15293:2009 and should be updated once further publications take place.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered unleaded petrol. It is applicable to unleaded petrol for use in petrol engine vehicles designed to run on unleaded petrol.
NOTE   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction respectively.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol to be used as an extender for automotive fuel for petrol engine vehicles in accordance with the requirements of EN 228.
NOTE 1   This document gives all relevant characteristics, requirements and test methods for (bio)ethanol, which are known at this time to be necessary to define the product to be used up to a maximum 5 % (V/V) blending component for automotive petrol fuel. If the percentage or use is expanded, the requirements need to be restudied.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the term "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction respectively.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol to be used as an extender for automotive fuel for petrol engine vehicles in accordance with the requirements of EN 228.
NOTE 1   This document gives all relevant characteristics, requirements and test methods for (bio)ethanol, which are known at this time to be necessary to define the product to be used up to a maximum 5 % (V/V) blending component for automotive gasoline fuel. If the percentage or use is expanded, the requirements need to be restudied.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the term "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction respectively.

TC - Updating Clause 2

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered unleaded petrol. It is applicable to unleaded petrol for use in petrol engine vehicles designed to run on unleaded petrol.
NOTE   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered unleaded petrol. It is applicable to unleaded petrol for use in petrol engine vehicles designed to run on unleaded petrol. NOTE: For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered unleaded petrol. It is for use in petrol engine vehicles designed to run on unleaded petrol, including those equipped with devices to reduce emitted pollutants.  All requirements apply equally to regular and premium grade unleaded petrol, unless indicated otherwise. The requirements regarding the regular grade apply only if a regular grade unleaded petrol is marketed.

This European standard specifies requirements and methods of test for unleaded petrol as marketed and as delivered in the countries of the members of CEN. The standard is for use in petrol engine vehicles designed to run on unleaded petrol, including those equipped with devices to reduce emitted pollutants. All requirements apply equally to regular and premium grade unleaded petrol, unless indicated otherwise. The requirements regarding the regular grade apply only if a regular grade unleaded petrol is marketed.