CEN/TC 104/SC 8 - Protection and repairs of concrete structures

This European Standard specifies the composition, characteristics and preparation procedure for reference concrete substrates which are to be used in the test methods to measure performance requirements of products and systems for the repair and protection of concrete structures.
The provisions of this standard are applicable to concrete with a maximum aggregate size of 16 mm or 20 mm or with a maximum aggregate size of 8 mm or 10 mm.

This part of EN 1504 gives requirements for:
-   substrate condition before and during application of systems and products;
-   storage of systems and products;
-   structural stability during preparation, protection and repair;
-   methods of protection and repair;
-   quality control for execution of work;
-   maintenance of the structure.

This Part of EN 1504 specifies procedures for sampling, quality control, assessment and verification of the constancy of performance (AVCP) including marking and labelling of products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete according to EN 1504 2 to EN 1504-7.

This European Standard specifies requirements and conformity criteria for the identification, performance (including durability aspects) and safety of injection products for the repair and protection of concrete structures, used for:
-   force transmitting filling of cracks, voids and interstices in concrete (category F, see 3.1);
-   ductile filling of cracks, voids and interstices in concrete (category D, see 3.1);
-   swelling fitted filling of cracks, voids and interstices in concrete (category S, see 3.1).
The performance requirements in this part of this document may not be applicable to highly specialised applications in extreme environmental conditions, e.g. cryogenic use, nor do they cover specialised circumstances such as accidental impact, e.g. due to traffic or ice, or earthquake loading, where specific performance requirements will apply.
This European Standard does not cover:
-   the treatment of cracks by widening them and sealing them with an elastomeric sealing compound;
-   external filling of cavities, that is, the placement of product outside the structure (generally within the surrounding foundation soils, or at the interface between the structure and the soil); this is covered by EN 12715 [2], under contact grouting;
-   preliminary injection works, if necessary, to temporarily stop water passage during waterproofing injection.

This Part of EN 1504 sets out basic considerations for specification of protection and repair of reinforced and unreinforced concrete structures (including, for example, pavements, runways, floor slabs and pre-stressed structures) using products and systems specified in other Parts of the EN 1504 series or any other relevant European Standard or European Technical Approval. This European Standard covers atmospherically exposed, buried and submerged structures.
This European Standard includes:
a)   the need for inspection, testing and assessment before and after repair;
b)   protection from causes of defects and their repair in concrete structures. Causes of such defects may include:
1)   mechanical actions, e.g. impact, overloading, movement caused by settlement, blast, vibration and seismic actions;
2)   chemical and biological actions from environments, e.g. sulphate attack, alkali aggregate reaction;
3)   physical actions, e.g. freeze-thaw, thermal cracking, moisture movement, salt crystallisation and erosion;
4)   fire damage;
5)   reinforcement corrosion resulting from:
i)   physical loss of the protective concrete cover;
ii)   chemical loss of alkalinity in the protective concrete cover as a result of reaction with atmospheric carbon dioxide (carbonation);
iii)   chloride (or other chemical) contamination of the concrete;
iv)   stray electrical currents conducted or induced in the reinforcement from neighbouring electrical installations.
c)   repair of defects caused by inadequate design, specification or construction or use of unsuitable construction materials;
d)   providing the required structural capacity by:
1)   replacement or addition of embedded or external reinforcement;
2)   filling of cracks and voids within or between elements to ensure structural continuity;
3)   replacement or addition of concrete or whole elements;
e)   waterproofing as an integral part of protection and repair;
[...].

This Part of EN 1504 specifies requirements for the identification and the performance (including durability aspects) of products and systems for active and barrier coatings for protection of existing uncoated steel reinforcement and embedded steel in concrete structures under repair.
This standard does not cover products for corrosion protection of pre-stressing steels and stainless steels.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the corrosion protection performance of corrosion protection products or systems, as defined in EN 1504 7.

This European Standard specifies requirements for the identification, performance (including durability) and safety of products and systems to be used for the structural and non-structural repair of concrete structures.
This European Standard covers repair mortars and concretes, possibly used in conjunction with other products and systems, to restore and/or to replace defective concrete and to protect reinforcement, necessary to extend the service life of a concrete structure exhibiting deterioration. The fields of application covered are in accordance with ENV 1504-9 as follows:

This European Standard defines terms relating to products and systems for repair, for use in maintenance and protection, restoration and strengthening of concrete structures.

This Part 4 of EN 1504 specifies requirements for the identification, performance (including durability) and safety of structural bonding products and systems to be used for the structural bonding of strengthening materials to an existing concrete structure, including:
1)   The bonding of external plates of steel or other suitable materials (e.g. fibre reinforced composites) to the surface of a concrete structure for strengthening purposes, including the laminating of plates in such applications.
2)   The bonding of hardened concrete to hardened concrete, typically associated with the use of precast units in repair and strengthening.
3)   The casting of fresh concrete to hardened concrete using an adhesive bonded joint where it forms a part of the structure and is required to act compositely.
The performance requirements in this Part of this Standard may not be applicable to highly specialised applications in extreme environmental conditions, e.g. cryogenic use, nor do they cover specialised circumstances such as accidental impact, e.g. due to traffic or ice, or earthquake loading where specific performance requirements will apply.

This standard describes two methods for the determination of the total (free and bound) acid soluble chloride content of hardened concrete or mortar. This information is intended for use in estimating the risk of chloride induced corrosion of the steel reinforcement. It may be used on samples of powder obtained either by drilling or from cores or fragments removed from concrete structures or on other appropriate laboratory specimens.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the shear adhesion of steel rebar coated with a corrosion protection product or system and embedded in a standard reference concrete.
The test applies to products based on hydraulic binders or polymers or mixtures of both.

This European Standard specifies the conditions for carrying out a pull-out test on a reinforcing steel bar (rebar) anchored in a concrete block.
The test applies to products based on hydraulic binders or synthetic resins or mixtures of these. It does not include those products intended to be used as grout around tendons used for the prestressing of concrete

This European Standard specifies a method for carrying out a sustained tensile load test on a reinforcing steel bar (rebar) anchored in a concrete block. The test is performed to determine the tensile creep under standard conditions, or under maximum service temperature conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
The test applies to products based on synthetic resins or hybrid synthetic resin/hydraulic cements.
It does not include those products intended to be used as grout around tendons used for the prestressing of concrete.

The phenolphthalein test method is intended to measure the depth of the carbonated layer near the surface of hardened concrete. It is not suitable for concrete made with calcium aluminate cement. It may be used on site or in the laboratory, on test specimens or on cores or fragments removed from hardened concrete structures.

This European Standard specifies two methods for determining the modulus of elasticity in compression for repair products and systems.
Method 1 is for products and systems with high creep characteristics typically those containing polymer binders (PC).
Method 2 is for products and systems with low creep characteristics typically those containing polymer modified (PCC) and cementitious (CC) binders.

This Part of EN 1504 specifies requirements for the identification, performance (including durability) and safety of products and systems to be used for the anchoring of reinforcing steel (rebar) as used for structural strengthening to ensure the continuity of reinforced concrete structures.
This Part of EN 1504 covers the fields of application in accordance with repair method 4.2 of ENV 1504-9:1997.
NOTE   It is assumed that a proper structural assessment of the structural elements to be subjected to repair is carried out by qualified engineers and that the choice of the products and systems to be used as well as the design are based on this assessment.

CMC - Modification to numbering of clauses (editorial error)

CMC - Modification in E title
DIN - Modification in D title

This document describes a test method for determining the time of efflux of cementitious injection products, based on the measurement of the time taken for a standard volume of the product to flow through a standardised cone (Marsh cone). This time of efflux is a measure of the viscosity of cementitious injection products.

This European Standard describes a test method to determine the volume and weight changes of injection products used for swelling fitted filling of cracks, voids and interstices after air drying and water storage cycles.

This European Standard specifies an accelerated laboratory method for measuring the resistance against carbon dioxide penetration through repair products and systems, as defined in EN 1504-3 1). The method is suitable for assessing the performance of repair grouts, mortars and concretes without a protective coating system applied. The method does not measure the resistance to reduction in pH-value that may occur by absorption of other acidic gases (e.g. SO2, HCl etc.).

This Part of prEN 1504 specifies requirements for the identification, performance (including durability aspects), safety and evaluation of conformity of products and systems to be used for surface protection of concrete, to increase the durability of concrete and reinforced concrete structures, as well as for new concrete and for maintenance and repair work.
The surface protective methods covered by this standard are the following:
-   hydrophobic impregnation;
-   impregnation;
-   coating.
Flooring systems in buildings which are not intended to protect or reinstate the integrity of a concrete structure are standardised in EN 13813.
When products and systems complying with this standard are used in flooring applications that involve substantial mechanical loading , they should also satisfy the requirements of EN 13813.

This test method covers determination of glass transition temperature of polymers by differential thermal analysis or differantial scanning calorimetry. This test method is applicable to polymers in granular form (below 60 mesh, avoiding grinding if possible) or to any fabricated shape from which appropriatesamples can be cut. This test method is useful for specification acceptance. This test method determines the behaviour of a polymer according to the variations of temperatures.

This document describes a test method to determine the expansion ratio and rate of injection products intended for ductile filling of wet cracks, voids and interstices.

This Part of this European Standard describes a test method to determine the adhesion to hydraulic concrete of injection products. The test can be applied to polymer and cementetious injection products.
The injection may be performed upon cracks in the dry, damp, wet or with water flowing through them. The tensile bond test should always be carried out after the appropriate period of curing under the standard conditions of test detailed below, but may additionally be performed upon a further set of specimens after a period of artificial ageing by thermal cycling.
The test can provide an opportunity for subjective assessment of injectability.

This Part of this European Standard describes the method for determining the compatibility with concrete of polyurethane injection products, or other elastic injection products likely to be sensitive to the effects of the alkalis in concrete. This standard describes the reference procedure.
In the case of polyurethane products, this method is only suitable for final injection products (i.e. not water-stopping foams).

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the injectability of a product in a capillary network and its adhesion to concrete by measurement of the splitting strength of cylindrical mortar samples resulting from a sand column injection.
NOTE   Whenever the product is of such nature that it may not be premixed and then poured into a container of the size used in this standard, injection can be carried out using a method suitable for the product provided that the pressure can be measured with similar accuracy.

This standard describes a method for determining the volumetric shrinkage of products formulated with thermosetting polymer binders, mainly epoxy and polyester binders, that cure at ambient temperature or below.
This method is adapted for crack injection products formulated with polymer thermosetting binder.

This Part of this European Standard describes the method for determining the slant shear bond strength of all injection products intended to restore the integrity of cracked concrete and covered by prEN 1504-5.
The test may be performed upon cracks injected in the dry, damp, wet or with water flowing through them. It should always be carried out after the appropriate period of curing under the standard conditions of test detailed below, but may additionally be performed upon a further set of specimens after a period of artificial ageing by thermal cycling.
Whilst the testing of the repaired crack is normally by short term static load, it may also be performed as a creep test by long term static load, or as a dynamic test by the application of a cyclic load.

This European Standard describes a test method to determine the watertightness of injected cracks in concrete, with defined crack width.

This part of this European Standard describes a test method to determine the ability of polymeric insert in concrete to withstand the effect of hardening and hardened injection products.
NOTE   This compatibility test is only applicable if the properties of a polymeric insert in concrete are deemed to be influenced by the hardening and hardened injection product which is used.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the resistance to chloride ion penetration of hardened CC or PCC repair products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete, as defined in prEN 1504-3.
The provisions of the standard are applicable to cementitious grouts, mortars and concretes with a maximum aggregate size of 20 mm.

This document describes a test method to determine the filtration stability of cementitious injection products. This test can also be used:
to check the filtration stability and workable time in situ with the used mixing equipment, mixing time and temperature.
for assessment of mixing stability and required mixing time, with the mixing equipment used.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the resistance to severe chemical attack of surface protection systems.

This European Standard specifies a method for testing adhesion and perceptible changes in the coating during reverse side water action. The test covers situations such as:
- coating of young, water saturated, surface dry concrete (e.g. coating after 7 days);
- coating of old but water saturated, surface dry concrete;
- coated concrete with moisture from behind (without additional hydrostatic pressure), causing an alkaline attack to the coating.

This Part of this European Standard specifies laboratory method of testing to ascertain how dynamic loading affects strength development of structural bonding agents during curing.

This European Standard specifies a method for measuring creep under compressive load in products and systems for the repair of concrete structures, as defined in prEN 1504-3.The method is suitable for repair mortars and concretes with polymer binders (PC) and repair grouts, mortars and concretes with hydraulic binders (CC) and polymer cement binders (PCC).

This part of this European Standard describes the reference procedure for determining the adhesive bond capacity and elongation capacity of injection products, intended for ductile filling of cracks and cavities.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the thixotropy of products and systems intended for the protection of reinforcement.

This European Standard is one of a series dealing with products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structure. It specifies a method for determining the linear shrinkage of solvent free multicomponent cold curing reactive resins.  The method is not suitable for rubber elastic and very fast curing products.

This part of the European Standard specifies a method for measuring the particle size distribution of the dry components of repair mortar mixes, being part of a repair product or system, as defined in prEN 1504-3, with a maximum particle size of 8 mm or 10 mm.
Part 1 does not cover particle size distribution of separate aggregates, which should be determined in accordance with the test method described in EN 933 series.
NOTE   Part 2 of this Standard gives a method for granulometric analysis of fillers for polymer bonding agents.

This European Standard specifies a method for measuring the dimensional stability (i.e. the shrinkage and expansion movement) due to changes in the moisture content of hydraulic mortars or concretes (CC) or polymer hydraulic cement mortars or concretes (PCC) as defined in EN 1504-1. Two methods are proposed, namely a procedure for unrestrained movement and a procedure for restrained movement.
The provisions of the standard are applicable to grout, mortar or concrete products or systems with a maximum aggregate size of 10 mm.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the epoxy equivalent and is applicable to all epoxy compounds, for products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structure. This European standard does not apply to the measurement of epoxide equivalent of nitrogen-containing resins.

The purpose of this standard is to define a laboratory method of testing to ascertain the fatigue of structural bonding agents in composite systems involving the bonding of steel-to-steel, steel-to-concrete and hardened concrete-to-hardened concrete.

This European Standard is one of a series dealing with products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures. It specifies a method for determining the loss of mass after freeze-thaw salt stress in sodium chloride solution. It can be used to test the resistance of hydrophobic impregnated concrete as well as the untreated concrete. There are two types of concrete deterioration when a freeze-thaw attack occurs: surface scaling and internal damage.

This European Standard specifies a test method to evaluate the effect of a hydrophobic impregnation. It deals with the rate at which treated concrete absorbs water and with the alkali resistance of that surface treatment. The method primarily relates to the protection of concrete structures.

This European Standard specifies a test method to evaluate the effect of hydrophobic impregnation on the drying rate coefficient of impregnated specimens. The method primarily relates to the protection of concrete structures.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the workability (or consistence) of trowel-grade hydraulic cement mortars CC, polymer modified hydraulic cement mortars PCC and polymer bound mortars PC for the protection and repair of concrete, as defined in EN 1504-1.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the early age linear shrinkage of structural bonding agents covered by EN 1501-1 and EN 1504-4. It describes the procedures for the measurement of linear shrinkage from initial gel of polymer, in the form of unrestrained thin strips less than 10 mm in thickness. It is intended for measurement of early age shrinkage, for example up to 24 hours.