CEN/TC 256/WG 2 - Structural requirements

This document supports the other standards in the EN 17149 series, in order to ensure consistency of terminology across the series. It describes the basic terms and definitions as well as general procedures for strength assessments of rail vehicle structures that are manufactured, operated and maintained in accordance with standards valid for rail system applications.
This document is applicable to all kinds of rail vehicles.
The assessment procedure is restricted to ferrous materials and aluminium.
This document does not define design load cases.
This document is not applicable for corrosive conditions or elevated temperature operation in the creep range.

This document specifies a procedure for static strength assessment of rail vehicle structures.
It is part of a series of standards that specifies procedures for strength assessments of structures of rail vehicles that are manufactured, operated and maintained according to standards valid for railway applications.
The assessment procedure of the series is restricted to ferrous materials and aluminium.
This document series does not define design load cases.
This document series is not applicable for corrosive conditions or elevated temperature operation in the creep range.
This series of standards is applicable to all kinds of rail vehicles. However, it does not define in which cases or for which kinds of rail vehicles a static strength assessment is to be undertaken.

revised Annexe ZA

Revised Annex ZA

This document specifies the minimum ergonomic and structural integrity requirements for steps and handrails used by staff to access the following heavy rail vehicles:
—   passenger vehicles;
—   vans;
—   locomotives;
—   power units of rolling stock;
—   passenger-rated car carriers.
This document defines the required spaces necessary for shunter handrails and shunter’s stand and gives references for the required spaces necessary for handling of screw couplings with side buffers. For staff access, it defines footsteps, handrails and their dimensions and free spaces. To fulfil the requirements for loads which are applied by the staff, it defines dimensions and requirements for materials or design loads.
This document also defines the general requirements of steps and handrail for access to external equipment, for example windscreens, wipers or external lights.

This document specifies crashworthiness requirements applicable to new designs of:
- locomotives;
- driving vehicles operating in passenger and freight trains;
- passenger rail vehicles operating in passenger trains (such as trams, metros, mainline trains).
This document identifies common methods of providing passive safety that can be adapted to suit individual vehicle requirements.
This document specifies the characteristics of reference obstacle models for use with the design collision scenarios.
This document also specifies the requirements and methods for demonstrating that the passive safety objectives have been achieved by comparison with existing proven designs, numerical simulation, component or full-size tests, or a combination of all these methods.

This technical report is applicable to tram vehicles according to EN 17343. Tram-Train vehicles, on track machines, infrastructure inspection vehicles and road-rail machines according to EN 17343 and demountable machines/machinery are not in the scope of this
technical report.
This technical report describes passive safety measures to reduce the consequences of collisions with pedestrians. These measures provide the last means of protection when all other possibilities of preventing an accident have failed, i.e.
- Design recommendations for the vehicle front to minimize the impact effect on a pedestrian when hit,
- Design recommendations for the vehicle front end for side (lateral) deflections in order to minimize the risk of being drawn under the vehicle on flat ground (embedded track),
- Design recommendations for the vehicle body underframe to not aggravate injuries to a pedestrian/body lying on the ground,
- Recommendations to prevent the pedestrian from being over-run by the leading wheels of the vehicle.
The following measures to actively improve safety are not in the scope of this technical report:
- Colour of front;
- Additional position lights;
- Additional cameras;
- Driver assistance systems;
- Additional acoustic warning devices, etc.;
- View of the driver / mirrors;
- Consequences for pedestrian injuries due to secondary impact with infrastructure (side posts, concrete ground, poles, trees, etc.).
The recommendations of this technical report only apply to new vehicles.

This European Standard defines a set of reference masses for specifying the requirements for the design, testing, acceptance, marking, delivery and operation of rail vehicles.
The reference masses defined in this document are as follows:
-   dead mass;
-   design mass in working order;
-   design mass under normal payload;
-   design mass under exceptional payload;
-   operational mass in working order;
-   operational mass under normal payload.
These reference masses are defined with respect to the whole vehicle, but they can also apply to a specific system or component.
The specification of values for tolerances applicable to reference masses is not in the scope of this standard. Tolerances can be required by an application standard.
Additional loadings due to environmental factors, for example snow and retained or absorbed rainwater, are not in the scope of this European Standard.

This document describes a procedure for fatigue strength assessment based on cumulative damage of rail vehicle structures that are manufactured, operated and maintained in accordance with standards valid for rail system applications.
This document is applicable for variable amplitude load data with total number of cycles higher than 10 000 cycles.
An endurance limit approach is outside the scope of this document.
The assessment procedure is restricted to ferrous materials and aluminium.
This document does not define design load cases.
This document is not applicable for corrosive conditions or elevated temperature operation in the creep range.
This document is applicable to all kinds of rail vehicles; however it does not define in which cases a fatigue strength assessment using cumulative damage is to be applied.

This European Standard defines a set of reference masses for specifying the requirements for the design, testing, acceptance, marking, delivery and operation of rail vehicles.
The reference masses defined in this document are as follows:
-   dead mass;
-   design mass in working order;
-   design mass under normal payload;
-   design mass under exceptional payload;
-   operational mass in working order;
-   operational mass under normal payload.
These reference masses are defined with respect to the whole vehicle, but they can also apply to a specific system or component.
The specification of values for tolerances applicable to reference masses is not in the scope of this standard. Tolerances can be required by an application standard.
Additional loadings due to environmental factors, for example snow and retained or absorbed rainwater, are not in the scope of this European Standard.

This document specifies crashworthiness requirements applicable to new designs of:
- locomotives;
- driving vehicles operating in passenger and freight trains;
- passenger rail vehicles operating in passenger trains (such as trams, metros, mainline trains).
This document identifies common methods of providing passive safety that can be adapted to suit individual vehicle requirements.
This document specifies the characteristics of reference obstacle models for use with the design collision scenarios.
This document also specifies the requirements and methods for demonstrating that the passive safety objectives have been achieved by comparison with existing proven designs, numerical simulation, component or full-size tests, or a combination of all these methods.

This European standard specifies the requirements for designing, strength assessment, assembly and servicing of mechanical and electrical bolted joints made from metallic components and bolts
This document is not intended for rivets, lock bolts, self-tapping screws, wood screws, thread-rolling screws, thread-forming and chipboards.
This European Standard is applicable to all rail vehicles.

revised Annexe ZA

Revised Annex ZA

This European Standard specifies a procedure for fatigue strength assessment of rail vehicle structures based on cumulative damage.
It is part of a series of standards that specifies procedures for strength assessments of structures of rail vehicles that are manufactured, operated and maintained according to standards valid for railway applications.
This document is applicable for variable amplitude load data with total number of cycles higher than 10000 cycles.
An endurance limit approach is outside the scope of this European Standard.
The assessment procedure of the series is restricted to ferrous materials and aluminium.
This document series does not define design load cases.
This document series is not applicable for corrosive conditions or elevated temperature operation in the creep range.
This series of standards is applicable to all kinds of rail vehicles, however it does not define in which cases  a fatigue strength assessment using cumulative damage is to be applied.

The purpose of this European standard is to specify the procedure for fatigue strength assessment of railway vehicle structures based on cumulative damage.
This document is applicable to all rail vehicle structures, which are covered by EN 12663 series (car body) and EN 13749 (bogie frame).
It considers materials used for design of car bodies and bogie frames (steel, aluminum, castings and forgings) and the manufacturing according to the standards valid for railway applications.
Note    As a manufacturing standard, EN 15085 series covers the welding of rail vehicle structures.
It is applicable for variable amplitude load data with total number of cycles higher than 10000 cycles.
This document is not applicable for:
-   Corrosive conditions or
-   Elevated temperature operation in the creep range.
A static strength assessment is outside the scope of this European Standard.

This European Standard defines a set of reference masses for specifying the requirements for the design, testing, acceptance, marking, delivery and operation of rail vehicles.
The reference masses defined in this document are as follows:
-   dead mass;
-   design mass in working order;
-   design mass under normal payload;
-   design mass under exceptional payload;
-   operational mass in working order;
-   operational mass under normal payload.
These reference masses are defined with respect to the whole vehicle, but they can also apply to a specific system or component.
The specification of values for tolerances applicable to reference masses is not in the scope of this standard. Tolerances can be required by an application standard.
Additional loadings due to environmental factors, for example snow and retained or absorbed rainwater, are not in the scope of this European Standard.

This amendment specifies structural strength requirements due to lifting and jacking for the whole vehicle structure.

This European Standard is intended to protect vehicle occupants, through the preservation of structural integrity, and does not extend to other railway employees and customers who are not in vehicles, or to third parties.

This European Standard specifies minimum structural requirements for railway vehicle bodies.
This European Standard specifies the loads vehicle bodies should be capable of sustaining, identifies how material data should be used and presents the principles to be used for design validation by analysis and testing. This European Standard applies to locomotives and passenger rolling stock. EN 12663-2 provides the verification procedure for freight wagons and also refers to the methods in this standard as an alternative for freight wagons.
The railway vehicles are divided into categories which are defined only with respect to the structural requirements of the vehicle bodies. Some vehicles may not fit into any of the defined categories; the structural requirements for such railway vehicles should be part of the specification and be based on the principles presented in this European Standard.
The standard applies to all railway vehicles within the EU and EFTA territories. The specified requirements assume operating conditions and circumstances such as are prevalent in these countries.
In addition to the requirements of this European Standard the structure of all vehicles associated with passenger conveyance may generally be required to have features that will protect occupants in the case of collision accidents. These requirements are given in EN 15227.

This European Standard specifies minimum structural requirements for freight wagon bodies and associated specific equipment such as: roof, side and end walls, door, stanchion, fasteners and attachments. It defines also special requirements for the freight wagon bodies when the wagon is equipped with crashworthy buffers.
It defines the loads sustained by vehicle bodies and specific equipment, gives material data, identifies its use and presents principles and methods to be used for design validation by analysis and testing.
For this design validation, two methods are given:
-   one based on loadings, tests and criteria based upon methods used previously by the UIC rules and applicable only for car bodies made of steel;
-   one based on the method of design and assessment of vehicles bodies given in EN 12663-1. For this method, the load conditions to be applied to freight wagons are given in this European Standard. They are copied in the EN 12663-1 in order to facilitate its use when applied to freight wagons.
The freight wagons are divided into categories which are defined only with respect to the structural requirements of the vehicle bodies.
Some freight wagons do not fit into any of the defined categories; the structural requirements for such freight wagons should be part of the specification and be based on the principles presented in this European Standard.
The standard applies to all freight wagons within the EU and EFTA territories. The specified requirements assume operating conditions and circumstances such as are prevalent in these countries.

This European Standard specifies the minimum ergonomic and structural integrity requirements for steps and handrails used by railway staff to access passenger vehicles, luggage vans, locomotives and power units of rolling stock. It also applies to passenger-rated car carriers.
This European Standard defines the required space necessary for handling of screw couplings with side buffers, shunter handrails and shunter’s stand. For staff access, it defines footsteps, handrails and their dimensions and free spaces. To fulfil the requirements for loads which are applied by the staff, it defines dimensions and requirements for materials or design loads.
It also defines the general requirements of steps and handrail for access to external equipment, for example windscreens, wipers or external lights.
This European Standard does not cover on track machines (mobile railway infrastructure construction and maintenance equipment) and tram-trains.

This European Standard applies to new designs of locomotives and passenger carrying rolling stock as defined in categories C-I to C-IV of Clause 4 taking into consideration the recommendations given in Annex E on the application of the standard (migration rule). It is intended to protect vehicle occupants, through the preservation of structural integrity, and does not extend to other railway employees and customers who are not in vehicles, or to third parties. The specified requirements relate to the technical and operational conditions of use that prevail in the CEN member countries. The design of new vehicles for use in passenger trains is based on operations with compatible rolling stock that also meet this standard. It is recognised that operational requirements will require new crashworthy and existing non-crashworthy vehicles to exist in the same train unit but such combinations of vehicles are not required to comply with this European Standard.
The requirements apply to the vehicle body, and to those mechanical elements directly associated with it that may be used to absorb energy in a collision, such as couplers, buffing systems etc. They do not cover the safety features of doors, windows, system components or interior features except for specific issues relating to the preservation of survival space.
The requirements do not cover all possible accident scenarios but provide a level of crashworthiness that will reduce the consequences of an accident, when the active safety measures have been inadequate. The requirement is to provide a level of protection by addressing the most common types of collision that cause injuries and fatalities.
The applicable design collision scenarios, and suitable parameters for normal European operations, are given in Clause 5. Annex A gives additional information regarding the derivation of the scenarios and describes situations when they may need to be modified and the processes that should then be followed.

This European Standard specifies the functional requirements for cab windscreens of high speed trains including testing and conformity assessment. The same requirements can be applied to the windscreens of other types of rolling stock if some of the performance criteria are adjusted to suit the application. Such changes should be based on national standards or infrastructure controller’s regulations where they exist.
This European Standard does not specify all interfaces between the windscreen and the vehicle.
This European Standard does not apply to the renewal of windscreens of high speed rolling stock already in operation.

This European Standard defines a set of reference masses for specifying the requirements for the design, testing, acceptance, marking, delivery and operation of rail vehicles.
The reference masses defined in this document are as follows:
-   dead mass;
-   design mass in working order;
-   design mass under normal payload;
-   design mass under exceptional payload;
-   operational mass in working order;
-   operational mass under normal payload.
These reference masses are defined with respect to the whole vehicle, but they can also apply to a specific system or component.
The specification of values for tolerances applicable to reference masses is not in the scope of this standard. Tolerances can be required by an application standard.
Additional loadings due to environmental factors, for example snow and retained or absorbed rainwater, are not in the scope of this European Standard.

TC/EC - Correction of the German title and addition of information in the last column of Table ZA.1 due to a Consultant's comment - Transport and packaging

The purpose of this document is to define a set of reference masses that can be used as a common starting
point for specifying the requirements for the design, testing, delivery acceptance, marking and operation of rail
vehicles. It is not the intention of this European Standard to change the dimensioning of vehicle system
components by the definition of these common reference masses. However, when the relevant standards are
revised or new ones developed, the masses to be used in these vehicle system component standards as the
basis for the design should be expressed as a function of the reference mass states defined in this standard.
Until the standards are changed the existing criteria continue to apply.
This document covers all types of rail vehicles.
For the purpose of vehicle mass definitions rolling stock is divided into three vehicle groups which are:
 high speed and other long distance trains;
 passenger vehicles other than high speed and long distance trains, including metro and tramway;
 freight vehicles (wagons and freight motored units).
Locomotives are treated as passenger vehicles without payload.
The specification of the technical requirements of the railway vehicle should contain the information to which
vehicle group it belongs.
NOTE “Long distance” includes all passenger trains not intended to be used on commuter and suburban services. In
this standard, commuter is understood as: for the French network: RER; for the German network: S-Bahn.
The masses defined in this European Standard are as follows (see Clause 2):
a) dead mass;
b) design mass;
1) design mass, in working order;
2) design mass under normal payload;
3) design mass under exceptional payload;
c) operational mass;
1) operational mass, in working order;
2) operational mass under normal payload.
These masses are defined with respect to the whole vehicle, but they can also apply to a specific system or
component.

This European Standard specifies minimum structural requirements for railway vehicle bodies.
This European Standard specifies the loads vehicle bodies should be capable of sustaining, identifies how material data should be used and presents the principles to be used for design validation by analysis and testing. This European Standard applies to locomotives and passenger rolling stock. EN 12663-2 provides the verification procedure for freight wagons and also refers to the methods in this standard as an alternative for freight wagons.
The railway vehicles are divided into categories which are defined only with respect to the structural requirements of the vehicle bodies. Some vehicles may not fit into any of the defined categories; the structural requirements for such railway vehicles should be part of the specification and be based on the principles presented in this European Standard.
The standard applies to all railway vehicles within the EU and EFTA territories. The specified requirements assume operating conditions and circumstances such as are prevalent in these countries.
In addition to the requirements of this European Standard the structure of all vehicles associated with passenger conveyance may generally be required to have features that will protect occupants in the case of collision accidents. These requirements are given in EN 15227.

This European Standard applies to new designs of locomotives and passenger carrying rolling stock as defined in categories C-I to C-IV of Clause 4 taking into consideration the recommendations given in Annex E on the application of the standard (migration rule). It is intended to protect vehicle occupants, through the preservation of structural integrity, and does not extend to other railway employees and customers who are not in vehicles, or to third parties. The specified requirements relate to the technical and operational conditions of use that prevail in the CEN member countries. The design of new vehicles for use in passenger trains is based on operations with compatible rolling stock that also meet this standard. It is recognised that operational requirements will require new crashworthy and existing non-crashworthy vehicles to exist in the same train unit but such combinations of vehicles are not required to comply with this European Standard.
The requirements apply to the vehicle body, and to those mechanical elements directly associated with it that may be used to absorb energy in a collision, such as couplers, buffing systems etc. They do not cover the safety features of doors, windows, system components or interior features except for specific issues relating to the preservation of survival space.
The requirements do not cover all possible accident scenarios but provide a level of crashworthiness that will reduce the consequences of an accident, when the active safety measures have been inadequate. The requirement is to provide a level of protection by addressing the most common types of collision that cause injuries and fatalities.
The applicable design collision scenarios, and suitable parameters for normal European operations, are given in Clause 5. Annex A gives additional information regarding the derivation of the scenarios and describes situations when they may need to be modified and the processes that should then be followed.
This European S

This European Standard defines minimum structural requirements for railway vehicle bodies. This European Standard specifies the loads vehicle bodies shall be capable of sustaining, identifies how material data shall be used and presents the principles to be used for design verification by analysis and testing. The railway vehicles are divided into categories which are defined only with respect to the structural requirements of the vehicle bodies. These structural requirements should not be confused with operating requirements. It is the responsibility of the operator to decide as to which structural category railway vehicles shall be designed. Some vehicles may not fit into
any of the defined categories; the structural requirements for such railway vehicles should be specified by the operator using the principles presented in this European Standard. The standard applies to all railway vehicles within the EU and EFTA territories. The specified requirements assume operating conditions and circumstances such as are prevalent in these countries.