ISO/TC 31 - Tyres, rims and valves

This document specifies test methods for TPMS snap-in tubeless valves that determine the minimum level of performances requested.

This document specifies the method for measuring relative wet grip braking performance index to a reference under loaded conditions for new tyres for use on commercial vehicles on a wet-paved surface. The methods developed in this document are meant to reduce the variability. The use of a reference tyre is necessary to limit the variability of the testing method procedures. This document applies to all commercial vehicle, truck and bus tyres. This document does not apply to: — tyres fitted with additional devices to improve traction properties (e.g. studded tyres); — professional off-road tyres.

This document specifies the designation, contour and dimensions of 5° tapered (drop-centre) rims primarily intended for passenger cars.

This document specifies the main requirements, including size designation and marking, of 5-degree tapered and flat base rims primarily intended for industrial vehicles for use on prepared surfaces.

This document specifies the method for measuring the relative ice grip performance index of a candidate tyre compared with a reference tyre under loaded conditions for new tyres intended to be used for passenger cars on surfaces made of ice. This document applies to all passenger car tyres, except for T-type temporary-spare tyres.

This document specifies the designation, dimensions, and load ratings of metric-series tyres primarily intended for passenger cars.

This document specifies test methods for verifying the capabilities of tyres for passenger cars. Of the test methods presented, it is possible that only some will be required depending on the construction of the tyre (diagonal, bias-belted, radial or T-type construction) to be tested. The tests are carried out in a laboratory under controlled conditions. This document includes endurance tests, a low-pressure performance test, high-speed tests and requirements for bead unseating and tyre strength. The test methods presented in this document are not intended for gradation of tyre performance or quality levels. This document applies to all passenger car tyres.

This document specifies rim dimensions for rims for agricultural, forestry, and construction machines.

This document specifies the load ratings of the metric series of pneumatic tyres primarily intended for industrial vehicles for use on prepared surfaces. ISO 3739-1 deals with designation, dimensions and marking; ISO 3739-3 deals with rim contours for these tyres.

This document specifies the method for measuring relative wet grip braking performance index to a reference under loaded conditions for new tyres for use on passenger cars on a wet-paved surface. The methods developed are meant to reduce variability. The use of a reference tyre is necessary to limit the variability of the testing procedures. This document applies to all passenger car tyres except for: — special-use tyres marked with "ET"; — T-type temporary spare tyres; — tyres fitted with additional devices to improve traction properties (e.g. studded tyres).

This document specifies the designation, dimensions, approved rim contours, load ratings and reference speeds for agricultural tyres fitted to construction machines (e.g. backhoe loaders, small dumpers, loaders, excavators) operating on building sites under loading and transport conditions. Tyres conforming to this document are identified by the suffix IND in the tyre size designation; code designated tyres can alternatively, in place of the suffix IND, be identified by the classification code R-4. NOTE Agricultural tyres without the suffix IND in the tyre size designation or with a classification code differing from "R-4" are not part of this document. Code designated diagonal tyres (ply rating marked series) for agricultural tractors, trailers and machines are part of ISO 4251-1 and ISO 4251-2. Code designated radial tyres for agricultural tractors, trailers and machines are part of ISO 8664. Metric designated tyres for agricultural tractors, trailers and machines are part of ISO 7867-2. Tyres for forestry machines, identified by suffix LS, or classification code LS-x are part of ISO 18807.

This document sets out the designation, contours and dimensions for rims for narrow- and wide-base off-road tyres primarily intended for earth-moving machinery. All dimensions in this document are given in millimetres and are applicable to the side of the rim which is in contact with the tyre. Tyre designations and dimensions, tyre classifications and nomenclature are given in ISO 4250-1, ISO 10571 and ISO 13442. Annex A gives details on sealing ring grooves and O-rings for earth-mover rims.

This document specifies the designations, contours and dimensions of drop-centre (one-piece) rims for use on trucks and buses. The rim dimensions are those rim contour dimensions necessary for mounting and fitment of the tyre to the rim. Tyre designations, dimensions and load ratings are given in ISO 4209‑1.

This document specifies RFID tyre tag classification of the different technologies (embedding, patching, sticking) to benefit the user's understanding of their differences, targets, possible applications as well as their limitations. This document includes: — generic description of the main features for each technology; — marking recommendation. This document excludes: — references to items related to tyre quality and the testing thereof; — detailed references to embedded locations; — detailed references to rubber compound properties; — detailed references to tyre manufacturing processes.

This document defines the test methods for validating the conformance of RFID enabled tyres with the minimum reading distance specifications given in ISO 20909. The two presented methodologies give comparable test results only when the same radio frequency and energy power parameters are used. Unless otherwise specified, the tests in this document are to be applied exclusively to a standalone RFID enabled tyre. This document is not intended to set any requirement on mass production quality control, nor on the frequency for testing.

This document defines the essential dimensions and the designation of tube valves and tubeless valves. Annex B gives the correspondence between ISO designations and the designations established by: — TRA (Tire and Rim Association Inc.); — ETRTO (European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation); — JATMA (The Japan Automotive Tyre Manufacturer's Association, Inc.). In the remainder of this document, all the dimensions are given at their nominal value except in cases where the tolerances are indicated. The threaded length of valve stems for which no thread length is specified is the maximum possible length. NOTE The drawings for valves are not all at the same scale.

This document specifies the terms and definitions, general requirements and data structure for coding radio frequency identification (RFID) tyre tags.

This document specifies requirements for using an RFID tag to individually identify a tyre. Three RFID tyre tag technologies are considered in this document: embedded, patch, sticker. Tyre tags can be used for all tyre categories.

This document sets out the marking, the tyre size designation, the dimensions, the load ratings and the rim coordination for logging and forestry service tyres in diagonal and radial construction. Rim dimensions are given in ISO 18804.

This document establishes the load ratings of the diagonal code designated (ply rating marked series) tyres for agricultural tractors, trailers and machines. Tyre designation and dimensions, and approved rim contours are given in ISO 4251‑1. NOTE Code designated diagonal tyres (ply rating marked series) for construction applications (industrial tractors), identified by the classification code R-4, as specified in ISO 18805, or by suffix "IND" are part of ISO 13442. Code designated diagonal tyres (ply rating marked series) for forestry machines, identified by the classification code LS, as specified in ISO 18805, are covered by ISO 18807.

This document establishes the designation in use and the dimensions of code designated tyres in diagonal construction (ply rating marked series) for agricultural tractors, trailers and machines. Tyre load ratings are given in ISO 4251‑2. NOTE Code designated diagonal tyres (ply rating marked series) for construction applications (industrial tractors), identified by the classification code R-4, as specified in ISO 18805, or by suffix "IND" are covered by ISO 13442. Code designated tyres in radial construction for drive wheels of agricultural tractors are covered by ISO 8664. Code designated diagonal tyres (ply rating marked series) for forestry machines, identified by the classification code LS, as specified in ISO 18805, are covered by ISO 18807.

This document specifies methods for measuring tyre-to-road sound emissions from tyres fitted on a motor vehicle under coast-by conditions, i.e. when the vehicle is in free-rolling, non-powered operation. This is typically achieved by putting the transmission in the neutral or equivalent position and switching off the engine as well as all auxiliary systems not necessary for safe driving. This document is applicable to passenger cars and commercial vehicles as defined in ISO 3833. It is not intended to be used to determine the sound contribution of tyres of vehicles running in powered condition nor for the determination of traffic sound nuisance at a given location.

This document specifies the main requirements, including designations, dimensions and markings, of the metric series of rubber solid tyres for pneumatic tyre rims primarily intended for industrial machines for use on prepared surfaces. Rim contours fitting these tyres are specified in ISO 3739-1 and ISO 3739-3.

This document establishes the tyre size designation, the dimensional calculation formulae, the markings and the tyre and rim coordination for the metric series of tyres primarily intended for use on agricultural and forestry tractors, machines, equipment and trailers and for construction machines. It applies to diagonal, bias-belted and radial tyres mounted on 5° and 15° tapered rims. NOTE Code designated series of: — diagonal (ply rating marked) tyres for agricultural tractors and machines are specified in ISO 4251-1 and ISO 4251-2; — radial (service description marked) tyres for agricultural tractor-drive-wheel tyres are specified in ISO 8664; — tyres for logging and forestry machines are specified in ISO 18807[1]; — tyres for construction/industrial tractors are specified in ISO 13442. [1] Under preparation. Stage at the moment of publication ISO/DIS 18807:2018.

This document establishes the service description, the tyre load ratings for basic and special applications and reference inflation pressure for the metric series of tyres primarily intended for agricultural tractors, machines, equipment and their trailers. It applies to diagonal, bias belted and radial tyres mounted on 5° and 15° tapered rims. NOTE The service description, the tyre load ratings for basic and special applications and reference inflation pressure for the metric series of: — tyres for logging and forestry machines are specified in ISO 18807; — tyres for construction/industrial tractors are specified in ISO 13442.

This document specifies some characteristics of TPMS snap-in valves geometry, valve hole of the rim, mounting process and valve limits. These parameters are defined to facilitate the use of snap-in valve for TPMS applications on passenger vehicles in different countries.

This document describes spare unit substitutive equipment (SUSE) for passenger car tyres, which is designed to enable users to continue their journey (with or without a stop) in a reasonably safe manner. NOTE 1 Certain equipment becomes effective automatically, thus avoiding the need to stop the vehicle immediately for inspection and corrective action. This document is intended only to qualify the performance of SUSE systems. Its specifications only apply to SUSE systems that can permit the extended mobility of the vehicle. NOTE 2 Other types of SUSE are described in Annexes A and B. The specifications in this document apply from the moment the SUSE system becomes effective, with the driver continuing to control the vehicle (in terms of speed and direction) in an attempt to reach an appropriate place for servicing. The following are within the scope of this document: — the description of the various types of SUSE; — the description and performance levels of complete SUSE systems. NOTE 3 The performance level that the user reasonably has the right to expect, as well as the restrictive conditions placed upon that level, can vary to a large degree depending on the equipment installed and on the real operating conditions of the tyre in flat-tyre running mode. The following are outside the scope of this document: — the vehicle to be equipped; — the tyre while operating in inflated mode; — the characteristics of the pressure survey device and of the warning function relative to the inflated mode or to the partially deflated mode due to slow pressure losses; — the transitory phase, if any, before the equipment becomes effective; — the inspection, assessment, and the servicing of the SUSE system, after it has been activated in flat tyre running mode.

This document specifies the marking, dimensions, load ratings and reference speeds for code-designated agricultural tractor drive-wheel tyres with service description (load index and speed symbol). It applies to tyres of radial construction in the speed categories 40 km/h (speed symbol A8), and 50 km/h (speed symbol B). NOTE Code designated series of: — diagonal (ply rating marked) tyres for agricultural tractors and machines are specified in ISO 4251‑1 and ISO 4251‑2; — tyres for logging and forestry machines are specified in ISO 18807[1]; — tyres for construction/industrial tractors are specified in ISO 13442. [1] To be published.

This document specifies methods for measuring rolling resistance, under controlled laboratory conditions, for new pneumatic tyres designed primarily for use on passenger cars, trucks and buses. This document is not applicable to tyres intended for temporary use only. It includes a method for correlating measurement results to allow inter-laboratory comparisons. It is designed to facilitate international cooperation and, possibly, regulation building. Measurement of tyres using this method enables comparisons to be made between the rolling resistance of new test tyres when they are free-rolling straight ahead, in a position perpendicular to the drum outer surface, and in steady-state conditions.

This document specifies the method for measuring rolling circumference for new tyres, under loaded conditions, made for use on agricultural tractors and machines, and applies to agricultural tractor drive wheel tyres in diagonal and radial construction. It also includes an explanation of the rolling circumference index (RCI) and speed radius index (SRI).

ISO 4223-1:2017 defines a number of significant terms related to pneumatic tyres used in the tyre industry, together with corresponding codes, symbols and values. NOTE 1 For other terms used in this field and their equivalents in other languages, see ISO 3877 (all parts). For terms and definitions relating to wheels/rims, see ISO 3911. NOTE 2 Annex A forms a normative part of this document.

ISO 19940:2017 specifies the testing method for determining the tyre stiffness index of passenger car tyres for the products capable of supplying the vehicle with the basic tyre functions, at least, at a speed of 80 km/h (50 mph) and a distance of 80 km when operating in flat tyre running mode, as per ISO 16992. This method is meant to determine the above mentioned index, for the characterization of the expected tyre's stiffness through its air and structural components. To reach the target, the vertical force and the vertical deflection, in the sense of absolute position in Z direction under different operating conditions, are measured (approximated in case of zero inflation pressure) and combined through the metrics defined in this document. This method is not intended to be used for conventional tyres.

ISO 4250-1:2017 specifies designations and dimensions for earth-mover tyres and gives the recommended rims primarily intended for earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. The ISO 4250 series consists of three parts which specify the technical elements relating to designation and dimensions of tyres and rims for earth-movers; it also gives load tables for these tyres.

ISO 18805:2017 specifies the classification codes for agricultural and forestry tractors and machines.

The ISO 4250 series consists of three parts laying down the technical designation and dimensions of tyres and rims for earth-movers; it also gives load tables for these tyres. ISO 4250-2:2017 gives working definitions of masses and load cycles and specifies tyre loads and reference inflation pressures for narrow- and wide-base tyres primarily intended for earth-mover machines.

ISO 18885-1:2017 defines the characteristics of the tyre pressure monitoring system (TPMS) snap-in valve. Methods for identification and traceability of the valve are recommended. These parameters are defined to facilitate the snap-in valve TPMS application and identification in different countries.

ISO 29802:2017 specifies the designations, dimensions, markings and load ratings of pneumatic tyres primarily intended for all-terrain vehicles (ATV). It also specifies the designation, marking and contours of rims. The tyres meet the following parameters: a) speeds not exceeding 130 km/h (Speed Symbol M); b) fitted to (AT) 5° tapered drop centre rims; c) nominal rim diameter codes of 7 to 14 inclusive.

ISO 16392:2017 describes a test method to measure the electrical resistance of pneumatic and solid tyres, under load, on a test rig. Static charges on a vehicle sometimes need to be dissipated by way of the tyre. Electrical resistance inversely measures the ability of the tyre to dissipate static charge from the vehicle. The method specifies procedures and equipment such that electrical resistance can be accurately determined for tyres with values up to 1012 Ω. Annex A specifies the limit values in ohms (Ω) for both dissipative and conductive tyres. Annex B specifies additional conditions for measurement on a vehicle. Annex C specifies simplified test conditions for production control routine.

ISO 18106:2016 specifies the method for measuring relative snow grip performance index of a candidate tyre compared to a reference, under loaded conditions for new tyres intended to be used on passenger car, commercial vehicle, truck and bus vehicles on a snow packed surface. The methods developed here are meant to reduce the variability of the performance measurement. The use of the proper reference tyres is necessary to limit the variability of the testing method procedures. ISO 18106:2016 applies to all passenger car, commercial vehicle, truck and bus tyres.

ISO 10571:2016 specifies the designation, dimensions, load ratings and reference speed for tyres and rims fitted to vehicles, such as all-terrain equipment, mobile cranes, crash tenders, etc., likely to operate on highway over long distances at reference speed and under constant load.

ISO 17464:2016 specifies the technical requirements and test methods for tubes of pneumatic tyres for automotive vehicles.

ISO 14960-2:2014 establishes minimum specifications for clamp-in tubeless tire valves. A clamp-in valve is an assembly of a valve stem, valve core, valve cap, rubber grommet or O-ring, hex nut, and ring washer which conforms to ISO 9413.

ISO 14960-1:2014specifies test methods for snap-in tubeless tyre valves intended for, but are not limited to, highway applications.

ISO 5755-1:2014 specifies the designations and dimensions for the following pneumatic bicycle tyres: -"wired edge" tyres mounted on straight side or crotchet type rims; -"beaded edge" tyres mounted on hooked bead rims. Tubular sew-up tyres and non-pneumatic tyres are not covered by ISO 5775-1:2014.

ISO 20562:2014 specifies the interchangeability dimensions of ISO core chambers Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 for tyre valves.