SIST EN 14730-1:2017
(Main)Railway applications - Track - Aluminothermic welding of rails - Part 1: Approval of welding processes
Railway applications - Track - Aluminothermic welding of rails - Part 1: Approval of welding processes
This European Standard defines the laboratory tests and requirements for approval of an
aluminothermic welding process using welds produced in workshop conditions.
It applies to the joining of new Vignole rails as described in EN 13674-1 of the same profile and steel
grade.
Compliance with the requirements of this standard does not of itself ensure the suitability of a welding
process for specific conditions of track and traffic.
The standard does not cover welds made between different rail sections, differently worn rails and
different rail grades.
In addition to the definitive requirements this standard also requires the items detailed in Clause 4 to
be documented. For compliance with this standard, it is important that both the definitive requirements
and the documented items be satisfied.
Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Aluminothermisches Schweißen von Schienen - Teil 1: Zulassung der Schweißverfahren
Diese Norm legt Laborprüfungen und Anforderungen zur Zulassung eines aluminothermischen Schweiß-verfahrens unter Verwendung von Schweißungen fest, die unter Werkstattbedingungen hergestellt wurden.
Diese Norm umfasst die Verbindung von Vignolschienen (wie in EN 13674-1 beschrieben) des gleichen Profils und der gleichen Stahlsorte.
Die Erfüllung der Anforderungen dieser Norm bedingt jedoch nicht notwendigerweise die Eignung des Schweißprozesses unter den spezifischen Bedingungen von Oberbau und Betrieb.
Die Norm berücksichtigt keine Schweißungen unterschiedlicher Schienenquerschnitte, unter¬schiedlich abgenutzter Schienen und unterschiedlicher Stahlsorten.
Zusätzlich zu den in dieser Norm festgelegten Anforderungen sind gleichfalls die in Abschnitt 4 aufgeführten Angaben zu dokumentieren. Für die Konformität mit dieser Norm ist es wichtig, sowohl die festgelegten Anforderungen als auch die Dokumentation der Angaben zu erfüllen.
Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Soudage des rails par aluminothermie - Partie 1: Approbation des procédés de soudage
La présente norme européenne définit les essais de laboratoire et les exigences pour l’approbation d’un procédé de soudage des rails par aluminothermie effectués dans des conditions opératoires d’atelier.
Elle s’applique à l’assemblage de rails Vignole neufs tels que décrits dans l'EN13674-1, de même profil et de même nuance d’acier.
La conformité aux exigences de la présente norme n’assure pas par elle-même l’aptitude à l’emploi d’un procédé de soudage dans des conditions spécifiques de voie ferrée et de trafic.
La présente norme ne s'applique pas au soudage des rails de profils, d'usures ou de nuances différents.
Outre les exigences définitives, la présente norme exige également que les éléments détaillés à l’Article 4 soient documentés. Pour être conforme à la présente norme, il est important que les exigences définitives ainsi que les éléments à documenter soient remplis.
Železniške naprave - Zgornji ustroj proge - Aluminotermično varjenje tirnic - 1. del: Odobritev varilnega postopka
Ta dokument opredeljuje laboratorijske preskuse in zahteve za odobritev postopka aluminotermičnega varjenja z uporabo zvarov, izdelanih v delavnici.
Uporablja se za združevanje novih tirnic Vignole, kot je opisano v standardu EN 13674-1, istega profila in razreda
jekla.
Skladnost z zahtevami iz tega standarda sama po sebi še ne zagotavlja ustreznosti postopka varjenja za določene pogoje glede proge in prometa.
Standard ne obravnava zvarov, izdelanih iz različnih delov tirnic, različno obrabljenih tirnic
ali različnih razredov tirnic.
Poleg dokončnih zahtev ta standard zahteva tudi, da so postavke, opredeljene v točki 4, dokumentirane. Za skladnost s tem standardom je pomembno, da so izpolnjene tako dokončne zahteve kot dokumentirane postavke.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 14730-1:2017
01-maj-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 14730-1:2007+A1:2010
äHOH]QLãNHQDSUDYH=JRUQMLXVWURMSURJH$OXPLQRWHUPLþQRYDUMHQMHWLUQLFGHO
2GREULWHYYDULOQHJDSRVWRSND
Railway applications - Track - Aluminothermic welding of rails - Part 1: Approval of
welding processes
Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Aluminothermisches Schweißen von Schienen - Teil 1:
Zulassung der Schweißverfahren
Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Soudage des rails par aluminothermie - Partie 1:
Approbation des procédés de soudage
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14730-1:2017
ICS:
25.160.10 Varilni postopki in varjenje Welding processes
45.080 7UDþQLFHLQåHOH]QLãNLGHOL Rails and railway
components
SIST EN 14730-1:2017 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 14730-1:2017
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SIST EN 14730-1:2017
EN 14730-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.160.10; 93.100 Supersedes EN 14730-1:2006+A1:2010
English Version
Railway applications - Track - Aluminothermic welding of
rails - Part 1: Approval of welding processes
Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Soudage des rails par Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Aluminothermisches
aluminothermie - Partie 1: Approbation des procédés Schweißen von Schienen - Teil 1: Zulassung der
de soudage Schweißverfahren
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 August 2016.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14730-1:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 14730-1:2017
EN 14730-1:2017 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Information to be supplied by the railway authority. 8
5 Approval procedure . 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Process identification . 8
5.3 General requirements . 9
5.4 Documents to be submitted with the request for approval . 9
5.4.1 The process manual . 9
5.4.2 Drawing with the required measurements . 10
Figure 1 — Dimensions taken from mould pattern . 10
5.4.3 Chemical analysis ranges and tolerances . 11
5.5 Initial compliance testing . 11
Table 1 — Rail profile groups . 11
Table 2 — Testing scheme . 11
5.6 Extension of initial compliance testing . 12
5.7 Preparation and allocation of test welds . 12
6 Re-approval following process changes . 13
6.1 Changes requiring approval . 13
6.1.1 Geometric parameters . 13
6.1.2 Crucible system . 13
6.1.3 Tapping system . 13
6.1.4 Pre-heating system . 13
6.1.5 Portion . 13
6.1.6 Welding gap . 14
6.2 Test requirements for re-approval following process changes . 14
Table 3 process changes . 15
7 Laboratory tests . 17
7.1 Visual surface examination . 17
7.1.1 As-cast weld surface . 17
Table 4 — Maximum dimensions of slag or sand defects . 17
7.1.2 Ground weld surface . 17
7.1.3 Visible heat affected zone. 17
7.2 Running surface hardness test . 17
Table 5 — Ranges for running surface hardness tests. 18
7.3 Slow bend test . 18
7.4 Internal examination . 18
7.4.1 Weld soundness . 18
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Figure 2 — Transverse section of head, web and foot of the rail . 19
Figure 3 — Sectioning of Welds . 20
7.4.2 Fusion zone – Shape and dimension . 21
Figure 4 — Shape of fusion zone on the etched longitudinal vertical section . 21
7.4.3 Fusion zone . 21
7.4.4 Heat softened zone width . 22
Table 6 — Ranges of heat softened zone . 22
7.5 Fatigue test . 22
7.6 Chemical analysis . 22
Table 7 — Chemical composition . 23
Annex A (informative) Steps in approval . 24
Annex B (informative) Suggested sequence of laboratory test . 25
Annex C (normative) Procedure for Fry etching . 26
Annex D (informative) Procedure for measurement of surface hardness. 27
Figure D.1 — Location of surface hardness tests . 27
Annex E (normative) Procedure for slow bend test . 28
Figure E.1 — Slow bend test schematic . 28
Annex F (normative) Procedure for recording test weld fracture face defects . 29
Figure F.1 — Rail profile grid . 30
Annex G (normative) Ultrasonic inspection procedure on aluminothermic welds to be
sectioned . 31
G.1 General . 31
G.2 Test equipment. 31
G.3 Preparation of samples . 31
G.4 Adjustment . 31
G.5 Testing . 32
G.6 Reporting . 32
Annex H (normative) Procedure for microscopic examination of the visible heat affected
zone and fusion zone of welds . 33
Figure H.1 — Scheme for taking samples for microscopic examination . 33
Annex I (normative) Procedure for measurement of the heat softened zone width . 34
I.1 Measurement of hardness . 34
Figure I.1 — Longitudinal hardness measurement . 34
I.2 Evaluation of hardness data . 34
I.2.1 General . 34
Figure I.2 — Typical hardness profile . 35
I.2.2 Mean hardness of parent rail . 35
I.2.3 Measurement hardness line . 35
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I.2.4 Heat softened zone width measurement . 35
I.2.5 Parent rail hardness variation . 35
Annex J (normative) Fatigue test methods for aluminothermic welds . 36
J.1 General . 36
J.2 Test equipment . 36
Figure J.1 — Fatigue test arrangement . 36
J.3 Calibration procedure . 37
J.4 Fatigue test results . 37
J.4.1 General . 37
J.4.2 Staircase testing method . 37
J.4.2.1 Test pieces . 37
J.4.2.2 Procedure. 37
J.4.2.3 Data analysis . 38
J.4.2.4 Acceptance criteria . 39
J.4.3 Example of the data analysis of a fatigue strength determination by the staircase
method . 39
Table J.1 — Experimental results . 39
J.4.4 Past-the-post testing method . 40
J.4.4.1 Test pieces . 40
J.4.4.2 Procedure. 40
J.4.4.3 Information to be reported . 40
J.4.4.4 Acceptance criterion . 40
Annex K (informative) A–deviations . 41
Bibliography . 42
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SIST EN 14730-1:2017
EN 14730-1:2017 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 14730-1:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2017, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 14730-1:2006+A1:2010.
The European Standard EN 14730 “Railway applications – Track – Aluminothermic welding of rails” is
composed of two parts:
— Part 1: Approval of welding processes
— Part 2: Qualification of aluminothermic welders, approval of contractors and acceptance of welds
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
5
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SIST EN 14730-1:2017
EN 14730-1:2017 (E)
Introduction
This standard defines the approval procedure for aluminothermic welding processes for rail welding
through laboratory tests of welds produced in a workshop. This laboratory approval will provide the
railway authority with sufficient information for tests in the track if required.
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EN 14730-1:2017 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard defines the laboratory tests and requirements for approval of an
aluminothermic welding process using welds produced in workshop conditions.
It applies to the joining of new Vignole rails as described in EN 13674-1 of the same profile and steel
grade.
Compliance with the requirements of this standard does not of itself ensure the suitability of a welding
process for specific conditions of track and traffic.
The standard does not cover welds made between different rail sections, differently worn rails and
different rail grades.
In addition to the definitive requirements this standard also requires the items detailed in Clause 4 to
be documented. For compliance with this standard, it is important that both the definitive requirements
and the documented items be satisfied.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 13674-1, Railway applications - Track - Rail - Part 1: Vignole railway rails 46 kg/m and above
EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 1: Test method (ISO 6506-1:2014)
EN ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 1: Test method (ISO 6507-1:2005)
EN ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT personnel (ISO 9712:2012)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
fusion zone
area of the weld which has been in a liquid state and which is revealed by etching sections cut through
the weld
3.2
visible heat-affected zone
areas on either side of the fusion zone within which rail steel microstructure has been visibly modified
by the heat of the welding process as revealed by Fry macro-etching
3.3
heat softened zone
part of the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) characterised by a lower hardness
3.4
weld collar
external profile of the as-cast weld metal that remains after removal of the moulds
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3.5
flashing
flat fin of weld metal located on the rail surface adjacent to the weld collar caused by gaps between the
mould and the rail
3.6
surface defect
any defect visible on the weld surface after normal finishing operations
3.7
internal defect
any defect that is revealed by sectioning or on a fracture face following bend or fatigue testing that has
not already been identified as a surface defect
3.8
stress range
stress range for the fatigue test is the maximum stress minus minimum stress
3.9
railway authority
either the railway regulator or the owner of a railway infrastructure or the custodian with a delegated
responsibility for a railway infrastructure
3.10
process supplier
company which provides an aluminothermic welding process in accordance with this standard and
which is approved by the railway authority to supply consumables and tools for the execution of
aluminothermic welds
4 Information to be supplied by the railway authority
The following information shall be fully documented by the railway authority. For compliance with the
standard both the definitive requirements specified throughout the standard and the following
documented items shall be satisfied.
a) Pre-heating shall comply with any limitations of the railway authority.
b) Which of the width levels of heat-softened zone is required (7.4.4).
c) The fatigue test, if required by the railway authority, either past the post or staircase method, shall
be carried out in accordance to Annex J and to the requirements as specified in 7.5.
5 Approval procedure
5.1 General
An outline of the steps required for compliance to this standard is given in informative Annex A.
5.2 Process identification
The approval shall involve a single process identified by:
a) The process name.
b) A drawing of the pouring system.
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EN 14730-1:2017 (E)
c) The characteristic geometry of the weld collar and riser configuration as given in 5.4.2 and Figure 1.
d) The process manual in accordance with 5.4.1.
5.3 General requirements
The following requirements shall be met.
— The process shall be capable of being carried out on track where the maximum cant can be 180 mm.
It shall be capable of being carried out in track, at or near trackside or in a workshop.
— The aluminothermic welding portion shall be packed to avoid the risk of moisture contamination in
prescribed storage conditions. The portion shall be identified by markings on the package.
— The mould shall be pre-fabricated for the rail profiles to be welded and be identified by markings
on the package.
— The crucible shall be tapped automatically (automatic tapping) and shall have a device to limit
spattering.
5.4 Documents to be submitted with the request for approval
When applying for approval, the following documents shall be submitted:
5.4.1 The process manual
The supplier shall produce a manual identifying all the consumable materials and equipment used, as
well as the operating method to be followed for all steps of welding. The approval procedure for
laboratory tests shall not include means of alignment or finishing operations. The manual shall specify
the critical parameters of the welding process and their safe bounds, and shall include the following:
a) number of people required to carry out the operations;
b) diagram of equipment;
c) portion for each rail grade and profile;
d) rail end preparation requirements;
e) nominal gap shall have a tolerance of:
• ± 2 mm for a gap ≤ 30 mm
• ± 3 mm for gaps > 30 mm and ≤ to 50 mm
• ± 5 mm for gaps > 50 mm
f) preheating details;
g) range of ignition to tap times for the portion;
h) critical process timings;
i) time (or temperature) before trains can pass;
j) safety information.
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5.4.2 Drawing with the required measurements
A drawing, as illustrated in Figure 1, which provides the measurements listed below:
a) weld collar width (W1). The development of the weld collar shall be fully dimensioned around the
weld;
b) maximum depth of collar at section B-B (D1 and D2);
c) minimum depth of collar at section B-B (d1 and d2);
d) riser cross section at foot;
e) riser cross section at neutral axis;
f) number of risers;
g) position of risers.
The dimensions W1, D1 and d1 and cross sectional areas of the risers shall be the nominal dimensions
taken from the drawing of the pattern used to produce the moulds.
Key
1 Figure showing the width of the weld collar (W1) around the weld
2
2 Riser cross section on the neutral axis mm
3 25 % of the foot width
2
4 Riser cross section at the foot mm
5 Longitudinal axis under the rail foot
Figure 1 — Dimensions taken from mould pattern
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5.4.3 Chemical analysis ranges and tolerances
The chemical analysis ranges and tolerances shall be in accordance with 7.6.
5.5 Initial compliance testing
a) For the purposes of approval the standard rail profiles (see EN 13674-1) shall be grouped as
follows:
Table 1 — Rail profile groups
Group Rail profiles
1 60E1, 60E2
2 54E1, 54E2, 54E3, 54E4, 54E5, 55E1, 56E1
3 46E1, 46E2, 46E3, 46E4, 49E1, 49E2, 49E3, 49E5,
50E1, 50E2, 50E3, 50E4, 50E5, 50E6, 52E1
b) Initial compliance with the present standard shall be achieved by undertaking the tests specified in
category 1 of Table 2 using grade R260 rail of one profile in group 1 of Table 1. Compliance with all
the criteria specified and with the railway authority’s documented requirements specified in
Clause 4 shall be demonstrated. A test sequence is outlined in informative Annex B. A test specimen
can be used for several different tests.
Table 2 — Testing scheme
Number of tests
Category Category
c
Category 3
Section
a b
1 2
Test
reference
R260 R260 R200/R220/R260Mn/R350HT/
only only
R320Cr/R350LHT/R370CrHT/R400HT
A Hardness Test 7.2 6 Nil 6
B Surface
7.1.1
Examination – All All All
7.1.2
Visual
C Visible Heat
7.1.3 2 2 2
Affected Zone
D Slow Bend
7.3 6 2 4
Test
E Ultrasonic
Inspection – 7.4.1 5 2
...
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