ISO/TC 127/SC 3 - Machine characteristics, electrical and electronic systems, operation and maintenance

This document specifies the requirements, content, structure and identification location of a product identification numbering system for earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. NOTE: ISO 10261 PIN can be used on other types of off-road work machines. It is not applicable to the identification of components or attachments.

This document provides a list of standards, referenced in ISO 20474-1 and EN 474-1, that include requirements for information to be included in the operator’s manual. This list of standards is being provided as guidance in creating operator’s manuals.

This document specifies the communication schema designed to provide mobile machinery status data from a telematics provider's server to customer applications via the Internet. The data is collected from a mobile machine using telematics data-logging equipment and stored on a telematics provider's server. This document describes the communications records used to request data from the server and the responses from the server containing specified data elements to be used in the analysis of machine performance and machine management status related with operation and/or maintenance. It is applicable to self-propelled earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165 and mobile road construction machinery as defined in ISO 22242 equipped with location and time instrumentation. It is not applicable to the on-board data collection, on-board communication protocol (e.g. CANbus) or wireless transmission of the mobile machinery data to the telematics provider's server after the data have been collected at the data logger. See Figure 1.

This document specifies the contents of operator's manuals for earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, and gives guidance on how to structure such operator's manuals. It is intended to assist manufacturers of the machinery in the drafting and presentation of these manuals. Manuals intended for use by service technicians are not within the scope of this document. NOTE 1 Annex A provides basic information items to be included in the operator's manual. NOTE 2 Annex B provides guidance on the presentation and format of hardcopy operator's manuals. NOTE 3 Annex C provides recommendations on the electronic means of communication that can be used to convey the contents of operator's manuals.

ISO 15818:2017 specifies the performance requirements for the lifting and tying-down attachment points of earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. ISO 15818:2017 also applies to components and subassemblies of earth-moving machinery which the manufacturer intends to be lifted or tied down separately by using lifting or tying-down attachment points. NOTE 1 Some components (e.g. tyres, tyres with wheels, track shoe assemblies, hydraulic cylinders) can be securely tied down without specific tying-down attachment points. ISO 15818:2017 applies to the following modes of transport: - lifting with cranes (e.g. mobile cranes, gantry cranes); - road transport (e.g. truck, trailer); - rail transport, including combined transport (e.g. wagons with containers, swap-bodies, semi-trailers, trucks); - sea transport. It is not applicable to ? airlift or transport by air, or ? rail transport of machines on wagons subject to shunting. NOTE 2 National or local regulations can be more stringent. ISO 15818:2017 does not include requirements for attaching the machine to a platform of the rail car, boat, etc., from which the machine is intended to work.

ISO 6405-1:2017 standardizes symbols for use on operator controls and other displays applicable to multiple types of earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. NOTE 1 ISO 6405‑2 covers symbols for specific types of earth-moving machines, equipment, and accessories. NOTE 2 ISO 7000 and IEC 60417 can be consulted for additional internationally standardized symbols of potential relevance to earth-moving machinery.

ISO 6405-2:2017 standardizes symbols for use on operator controls and other displays on specific types of earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. NOTE 1 ISO 6405‑1 covers common symbols that apply to multiple types of earth-moving machinery. NOTE 2 ISO 7000 and IEC 60417 can be consulted for additional internationally standardized symbols of potential relevance to earth-moving machinery.

ISO 14990-1:2016 specifies general safety requirements for the electrical equipment and its components incorporated into earth-moving machines (EMMs) as defined in ISO 6165, and addresses the safety of operators, technicians, service/maintenance personnel and bystanders. It is applicable to those machines using on-board voltages in the ranges of 50 V?36 kV AC r.m.s. at any frequency and 75 V?36 kV DC ? including any repetition rate of pulsating DC ? intended for outdoor use. It is applicable to both low and high voltages, except where its applicability to high- or low-voltage equipment only is indicated. Voltages occurring within devices are not considered to be on-board voltages and are thus not within its scope. NOTE 1 Special considerations typically apply at frequencies greater than 30 kHz. Where reference standards are limited to frequencies below those used on the EMM, it is the responsibility of the user to assess the risks and address them appropriately. ISO 14990-1:2016 covers all significant hazards, hazardous situations, and hazardous events relevant to the voltage range for earth-moving machinery within its scope when the machinery is used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from significant hazards, hazardous situations, or hazardous events during commissioning, operation, and maintenance. It is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 14990-2 and ISO 14990-3, which give provisions specific to the machine's power source that take precedence over the requirements of this document for the machines covered. For multipurpose machinery, all those parts of ISO 14990 are applicable whose requirements cover the functions and applications of the machine. Even though this document addresses most hazards associated with the use of low- or high-voltage electrical systems in earth-moving machines, owing to the possible presence of additional electrical hazards, conformance with it cannot be taken as an absolute guarantee of electrical safety. Areas of concern are included in the list of significant hazards found in Annex A. ISO 14990-1:2016 specifies requirements for on-board generators, electrically isolated from other low-voltage systems and provided as power sources for general-purpose socket outlets installed on EMMs, and transformer or inverter power sources for general-purpose socket outlets. NOTE 2 Local or regional requirements may also apply to general-purpose socket outlet arrangements. Although nominal 12 V and 24 V (alternator/battery) systems are not addressed, the meeting of some of the requirements, including those of PELV, will ensure that the low-voltage system is sufficiently isolated from 12 V and 24 V systems. ISO 14990-1:2016 does not address risks associated with explosive atmospheres, which are sometimes found in mining and other EMM applications.

ISO 14990-2:2016 the particular safety requirements for the electrical equipment and its components incorporated in externally-powered (mains-connected, including machines powered by external dedicated generators), electrically-driven earth-moving machines (EMMs). It is applicable to those machines using on-board voltages in the range of 50 V?36 kV AC r.m.s. at any frequency and 75 V?36 kV DC ? including any repetition rate of pulsating DC ? intended for outdoor use. Voltages occurring within devices are not considered to be on-board voltages and are thus not within its scope. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 14990‑1, which gives general requirements for EMMs regardless of how they are powered. Requirements specific to self-powered machines are given in ISO 14990‑3. However, it is possible for an EMM to be both self-powered and externally-powered (e.g. a battery-powered machine having a built-in charger with power supply function), in which case ISO 14990‑3 is also applicable.

ISO 14990-3:2016 specifies the particular safety requirements for the electrical equipment and its components incorporated in self-powered (utilizing on-board electric power sources) electrically-driven earth-moving machines (EMMs). It is applicable to those machines using on-board voltages in the range of 50 V?36 kV AC r.m.s. at any frequency, and 75 V?36 kV DC ? including any repetition rate of pulsating DC? intended for outdoor use. Voltages occurring within devices are not considered to be on-board voltages and are thus not within its scope. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 14990‑1, which gives general requirements for EMMs regardless of how they are powered. Requirements specific to externally-powered machines are given in ISO 14990‑2. It is possible to have an EMM that is both self-powered and externally powered (e.g. a battery powered machine having a built-in charger with power supply function), in which case ISO 14990‑2 is also applicable.

ISO 7130:2013 provides a basis for content and methods used for operator training for earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. This training in turn provides the basis for developing operators of earth-moving machinery who are knowledgeable and understand the manufacturer's instructions for safe and proper operation and routine maintenance. It establishes criteria for evaluating the competency of a person who operates and could perform routine maintenance of earth-moving machinery, but does not specify any procedure for proficiency testing or assessment of the operator's competence of operating and maintaining earth-moving machinery. It is not intended to substitute for national or regional requirements or regulations related to operator training.

ISO/TS 15998-2:2012 assists in the interpretation and application of the performance criteria and tests of functional safety for electronic machine control systems (MCS), used on earth-moving machinery, given in the first part of ISO 15998, by illustrating an alternative method of hazard assessment, providing information and application examples to illustrate compliance with ISO 15998, clarifying definitions, requirements and application of ISO 15998, in addressing the risk of hazardous machine movements by safety-related MCS, and providing guidance on the use and relationship of the normative references cited in the first part of ISO 15998. Electronic MCS are those control systems that directly affect machine motion, i.e. propulsion (powered motion), braking, steering, attachments and working tool control systems. ISO 15998 is applicable to the mechanical failures of switches, sensors and other electronic devices and to the mechanical failure of solenoid valves such as sticking caused by debris (electronic fault monitoring of the solenoid valve function can be used if the risk assessment determines it is necessary). Systems and ESAs (electrical/electronic subassemblies) that are ancillary to machine operation and which do not alter machine control (such as monitors, alarms, gauges, lights and wipers, as well as those portions of systems that provide feedback to the operator) are outside the scope of ISO 15998, as are purely hydraulic, pneumatic and/or mechanical MCS not using electronic/electric components, and mechanical failures such as broken axles, purely mechanical valves, tyres and similar.

ISO 22448:2010 specifies, and classifies at seven levels, systems for the protection against theft of earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, and gives performance criteria for each level. It also gives recommendations for managing critical documentation and theft-sensitive spare parts in protection against theft. It is not applicable to tracking systems that monitor the location of a machine.

ISO 15143-1:2010 specifies system architecture for the exchange of data related to the use of earth‑moving machinery, as defined in ISO 6165, and mobile road construction machinery, as defined in ISO 22242 when used for work similar to earth-moving, in worksite data‑controlled construction operations. It also gives definitions of terms related to worksite data exchange. It covers only the application layer of the OSI reference model according to ISO/IEC 7498-1, and does not cover the presentation, session, transport, network, data link or physical layers of the model. Specific agreement (selection of applicable specifications, standards, etc.) relating to those layers will therefore be needed if data exchange is to be facilitated.

ISO 15143-2:2010 specifies a data dictionary for the exchange of data in worksite data‑controlled construction operations as specified in ISO 15143-1. It also gives definitions of terms used in relation to the data dictionary. For the purposes of data exchange between different systems, it includes identification, definition and specification of common items of data to be exchanged on typical earth-moving construction worksites, definition of application schema, metadata describing the attributes of each data element, and basic normative data elements with their attributes (in tabular format).

ISO 23727:2009 provides for the interchangeability of attachments on wheeled loaders by establishing common dimensions and clearances for a coupler. It is applicable to wheeled loaders as defined in ISO 6165 with an operating mass of between 8 000 kg and 17 500 kg. Alternative coupler designs and dimensions are permitted, but might not provide broad interchangeability of attachments. ISO 23727:2009 is not intended for, but may be applicable to, other wheeled loaders, skid steer loaders or backhoe loaders if interchangeability of common attachments is desired. It does not require the fitting of a coupler and attachments can be directly mounted to the lifting linkage without the use of one.

ISO 16714:2008 specifies a method, and defines related terms, for calculating the recyclability rate and the recoverability rate of earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, each expressed as a percentage by mass (mass fraction in percent) of the machine, which can potentially be recycled, reused or both (recyclability rate), or recovered, reused or both (recoverability rate).

ISO 15998:2008 specifies performance criteria and tests for functional safety of safety-related machine-control systems (MCS) using electronic components in earth-moving machinery and its equipment, as defined in ISO 6165.

ISO 15818:2010 specifies the performance requirements for the lifting and tying-down attachment points of earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. It can also be applied to heavy components and subassemblies of earth-moving machinery in cases where these need to be lifted and/or tied down. If, however, the attachment points of the components or subassemblies cannot be used for lifting or tying down the parent machine, this must be made evident by a label near the attachment point. ISO 15818:2010 can be applied except where national or local regulations are more stringent than its requirements and except beyond transportation-system-related limitations justified by the machine manufacturer. ISO 15818:2010 is not applicable to airlift or transport by air, nor to the tying-down attachment points used to secure working machines in maritime, river or similar work vessels.

ISO 12509:2004 specifies the minimum requirements for installation and performance of lighting, signalling and marking lights, and reflex-reflector devices on earth moving machines. It is applicable to self-propelled wheel or crawler earth-moving machines as defined in ISO 6165, intended for off-road, as well as on-road, use. It is not applicable to pedestrian-controlled machines.

ISO 12510:2004 establishes guidelines for the incorporation of design features that promote safety, efficiency, reliability and ease of maintenance and service operations on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165.

ISO 6011:2003 specifies the machine operation functional information to be presented by the visual displays of earth-moving machinery for a seated operator. It is applicable to earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165.

Describes nipple-type lubrication fittings for the types of earth-moving machinery defined in ISO 6165.

Describes the grease-gun nozzles to be used for the injection of grease into the lubrication points of earth-moving machinery in connection with the grease fittings.

Gives guidance for the types, general requirements and main nominal dimensions of mechanical pullers (used for pulling gears and bearings), attachments and adaptors used for carrying out repair work.

Establishes the types, shapes and sizes of the parts of the plugs used in connection with the hand tools listed in ISO 4510-1 to permit easy removal and installation of plugs at the work-site. Does not set requirements, i.e. dimensions and materials, for the manufacture of plugs. Applies to the drain, fill and level plugs required on earth-moving machines for the changing of lubricants, coolants, hydraulic oils and fuels.

Specifies the details, dimensions and design of both plug (male) and receptacle (female) which must mate properly to permit interchangeable use of different makes of electrical connectors providing an auxiliary starting circuit for earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. Lays down a universal connecting device, with correct polarity, standard circuit coding and protection from electrical shorts, which may also be used with any other machinery, vehicle or automotive equipment with the same electrical system voltage range.

Defines the sizes, types and accessibility of diagnostic ports for use in measuring fluid temperature, pressure and flow, and to obtain fluid samples. Sets out also the requirements for accessibility to the port. Applies to earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, and gives general guidelines for diagnostic port use.

Lays down the tool groupings commonly used for carrying out on-site, normal maintenance and routine adjustment work on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. Table 1 contains suitable tools, which manufacturers should choose for these works. Cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4510-1 : 1986), of which it constitutes a minor revision.

Describes the training of mechanics appropriate for earth-moving machinery. Does not specify any procedure for assessing proficiency or competence, since these factors are usually covered by local and national practices and regulations. Applies to all earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165.

Specifies the general methods for preservation and removal of preservation materials from earth-moving machinery and its elements, and the categories of storage and transportation conditions. Applies to newly manufactured earth-moving machines as well as to those already in use to be preserved.

Specifies the shapes and lays down the dimensions of the heads of plough bolts (excluding thread dimensions) used for mounting of cutting edges, end bits, bucket teeth etc. of earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165 taking into consideration the interchangeability.

This document provides a list of standards, referenced in ISO 20474-1 and EN 474-1, that include requirements for information to be included in the operator's manual. This list of standards is being provided as guidance in creating operator's manuals.

ISO 15143-3:2016 specifies the communication schema designed to provide mobile machinery status data from a telematics provider's server to third-party client applications via the Internet. The data are collected from a mobile machine using telematics data-logging equipment and stored on a telematics provider's server. This document describes the communications records used to request data from the server and the responses from the server containing specified data elements to be used in the analysis of machine performance and health.

ISO 6750:2005 specifies the content and gives guidance on the format of operator's manuals for earthmoving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to assist manufacturers of the machinery in the drafting and presentation of these manuals.

ISO 6405-1:2004 establishes the common symbols for use on operator controls and other displays on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. It is also applicable to other types of self-propelled work machines designed to operate off public roads.

This International Standard specifies the requirements, content, structure and location of a product identification numbering system for earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. It is not applicable to the identification of components or attachments.