83.160 - Tyres
ICS 83.160 Details
Tyres
Reifen
Pneumatiques
Avtomobilske pnevmatike
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 83.160 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Tyres". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 523 standards classified under ICS 83.160 (Tyres). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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The document specifies an overall read range performance indicator and its associated measurement methods for radio frequency identification (RFID) enabled tyres described in ISO 20911 and tagged in ISO 20909. The ultra high frequency (UHF) RFID band used covers 860 to 930 MHz. Methods applying to passenger cars, light commercial and truck vehicles classes of tyres as defined in subclause 4.1. Methods described have not been investigated for tyres beyond tyre classes defined in subclause 4.1.
- Technical specification22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the method for measuring the relative wet grip braking performance index to a reference under loaded conditions for new tyres for use on commercial vehicles on a wet-paved surface. NOTE The methods developed in this document are intended to reduce variability. A reference tyre is used to limit the variability of the testing method procedures. This document applies to all commercial vehicle, truck and bus tyres. This document does not apply to: — tyres fitted with additional devices to improve traction properties (e.g. studded tyres); — professional off-road tyres.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies laboratory test methods for verifying the capabilities of truck and bus tyres. Of the test methods presented, only some will be required, depending on the type of tyre to be tested. This document applies to all truck and bus tyres. The test methods presented in this document do not apply to the gradation of tyre performance or quality levels.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies adhesion test methods of steel cords which are used for tyre reinforcement.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies test methods for verifying the capabilities of tyres for motorcycles. The test methods presented in this document are not applicable for gradation of tyre performance or quality levels. This document is applicable to all motorcycle tyres.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the preparation of artificially worn tyres by tread rubber removal (e.g. cutter, buffing, grinding, etc.) for subsequent wet grip performance tests. This document applies to new passenger car tyres.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods for obtaining a sample of rubber granulates or powders derived from end-of-life tyres which have been stored in big-bags and small-bags.
Sample increments at different levels within the bag are obtained, which represent the average particle size distribution within the bag. From these sample increments, a representative sample is derived.
The methods specified in this document are applicable, for example, when the samples are to be tested for e.g. bulk density, durability, particle size distribution, moisture content, ash content, ash melting behaviour, calorific value, chemical composition, impurities.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies methods and test protocols used to determine the true density of granulates and powders produced from ELTs, based on water pycnometry.
This document is applicable for powders and granulates below 12 mm.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies methods for obtaining a sample of rubber granulates or powders derived from end-of-life tyres which have been stored in big-bags and small-bags.
Sample increments at different levels within the bag are obtained, which represent the average particle size distribution within the bag. From these sample increments, a representative sample is derived.
The methods specified in this document are applicable, for example, when the samples are to be tested for e.g. bulk density, durability, particle size distribution, moisture content, ash content, ash melting behaviour, calorific value, chemical composition, impurities.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies methods and test protocols used to determine the true density of granulates and powders produced from ELTs, based on water pycnometry.
This document is applicable for powders and granulates below 12 mm.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for determining the total moisture content of materials obtained from End of Life Tyres (ELT) by drying samples in an oven. The method is applicable to chips, granulates, powders and textile derived from the treatment of End of Life Tyres.
This document is not intended for the determination of moisture content in steel wires.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies two different methods for the quantitative estimation of non-metallic content remaining adhered to the steel wire obtained from the recovery of materials from end-of-life tyres.
The pyrolysis method is considered as the reference method while the hydrostatic method is considered as an in situ method.
This document includes sample collection and the preparation of representative samples based on a sampling plan for the purpose of their characterization.
This document does not apply to the operational performance or fitness for use of the materials which are deemed to be a function of agreements between the manufacturer and the customer.
This document does not apply to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. This document does not establish appropriate safety and health practices and does not determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for determining the total moisture content of materials obtained from End of Life Tyres (ELT) by drying samples in an oven. The method is applicable to chips, granulates, powders and textile derived from the treatment of End of Life Tyres.
This document is not intended for the determination of moisture content in steel wires.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies two different methods for the quantitative estimation of non-metallic content remaining adhered to the steel wire obtained from the recovery of materials from end-of-life tyres.
The pyrolysis method is considered as the reference method while the hydrostatic method is considered as an in situ method.
This document includes sample collection and the preparation of representative samples based on a sampling plan for the purpose of their characterization.
This document does not apply to the operational performance or fitness for use of the materials which are deemed to be a function of agreements between the manufacturer and the customer.
This document does not apply to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. This document does not establish appropriate safety and health practices and does not determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the designation, dimensions, load ratings and reference speed for tyres and rims fitted to vehicles, such as all-terrain equipment, mobile cranes, crash tenders, likely to operate on highway over long distances at reference speed and under constant load.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the generation of tyre and road wear particles (TRWP) in a road simulator laboratory that is representative of actual driving conditions. Guidance is provided for the road simulator system, test pavement and tyres, vacuum collection system, monitoring and reporting. This method is applicable for the collection of TRWP from a known pavement and tyre type under realistic driving conditions without the inference of road surface contaminants (e.g. brake dust, exhaust, grease). There is a possibility that this method is not relevant for studded tyres.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard8 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies types of clamp-in TPMS tubeless valves and associated requirements. It applies to the tyre valves assembled on a valve hole of rim with diameter 11,3 mm for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles (M1 and N1 categories). This document does not include the design, development or requirements of the TPMS housing or the interface between said housing and the valve.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the designation, dimensions and load ratings of metric-series tyres primarily intended for passenger cars.
- Standard57 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies test methods for clamp-in tyre valves for tyre pressure monitoring systems (TPMSs). These methods are defined to determine the minimum level of performance requested. This document applies to the tyre valve assembled on the rim hole with diameter of 11,3 mm for passenger cars or for light duty vehicles.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies test methods for clamp-in tubeless tyre valves. These methods are defined to determine the minimum level of performance requested. This document applies to the tyre valve assembled on the rim hole with diameter of 11,3 mm for passenger cars or for light duty vehicles. This document does not include tyre pressure monitoring system (TPMS) valves.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 All X-ray systems are subject to changing efficiencies, so a practice for checking the overall operation is needed. This practice will assure the operator of an optimized image when ambient conditions are controlled and the X-ray high voltage generator is adjusted as prescribed.
5.2 The densities of some tire cord materials are very close to that of the rubber matrix in which they are enclosed, so the resolving capability of an X-ray system is critical to the detection of abnormalities. The rubber-cord pie disk provides a means for optimizing the resolving power in a particular apparatus and for comparing its performance over any period of time.
5.3 The rubber-cord pie disk can be used to compare the performances of X-ray systems in different laboratories. It can also be used in special cases to optimize system performance for a particular sector or cord-type, as may be required for examining a specific tire.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the construction and use of a rubber-cord pie-shaped standard disk for demonstrating the discernment capability of an X-ray imaging system.
1.2 This practice is applicable to direct viewing (fluoroscopic) X-ray imaging systems and film, plate or paper (radiographic) X-ray imaging systems that are used for checking the construction consistency of pneumatic tires.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies test methods for snap-in tubeless tyre valves intended for, but are not limited to, on-road applications. TPMS valves and high-pressure valves are not included in this document.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the P225/60R16 97S radial standard reference test tire. The tire covered by this specification is primarily for use as a reference tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wear performance evaluations, but may also be used for other evaluations, such as pavement roughness, noise, or other tests that require a reference tire.
1.1.1 Other standard reference test tires are also used for these purposes and are referenced in Section 2.
1.2 This specification provides a 16 rim diameter code standard tire design and construction, standard dimensions, and specifies the conditions of storage.
1.3 As of 2020 the E1136 P195/75R14 92S Standard Reference Test Tire has ceased production. The F2493 P225/60R16 97S Standard Reference Test Tire is an acceptable replacement for E1136 as the reference tire for Test Methods F1805 and E1337.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification contains the general requirements for the 245/7OR19.5 136/134M radial truck standard reference test. Provided in this specification is a 19.5 rim diameter code standard truck design and construction, standard dimensions, and standard conditions of storage. A reference tire is covered in this specification for braking traction, snow traction, wear evaluations pavement roughness, noise and other forms of test requiring a reference tire. Test methods of the tensile sheet cure, the 300% stress elongation, and tensile sheet strength should be in accordance to the specified testing requirements presented in D3182, and D412. The testing procedure also includes using of Type A durometer centred at the presser foot at a minimum of 6.0 mm, chaking the durometer operation and the state of durometer calibration with rubber reference, determining tire tread hardness by four readings and quickly applying the presser foot to the tire tread without inducing shock.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the 245/70R19.5 136/134M radial truck standard reference test tire. The tire covered by this specification is primarily for use as a reference tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wear performance evaluations, but may also be used for other evaluations, such as pavement roughness, noise, or other tests that require a reference tire.
1.1.1 Other standard reference test tires are also used for these purposes and are referenced in Section 2.
1.2 This specification provides a 19.5 rim diameter code standard truck tire design and construction, standard dimensions, and specifies the conditions of storage.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements for the 315/70R22.5 154/150L radial truck standard reference tire. Provided in this specification is a 22.5 rim diameter code standard truck tire design and construction, standard dimensions and standard condition of storage. This specified tire is primarily used as a reference tire for braking traction, snow traction, wear performance evaluations, pavement and noise evaluations and other tests that necessitate a reference tire. Testing methods for the tensile sheet cure, the stress at 300% elongation, the tensile strength shall be in accordance with the standards presented by D3182 and D412 respectively. The test methods also include checking of the durometer operation, checking the sate calibration of the durometer, determining the tire tread hardness by averaging four readings and applying the presser foot to the tire tread as rapidly as possible without shock.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the 315/70R22.5 154/150L radial truck standard reference test tire. The tire covered by this specification is primarily for use as a reference tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wear performance evaluations, but may also be used for other evaluations, such as pavement roughness, noise, or other tests that require a reference tire.
1.1.1 Other standard reference test tires are also used for these purposes and are referenced in Section 2.
1.2 This specification provides a 22.5 rim diameter code standard truck tire design and construction, standard dimensions, and specifies the conditions of storage.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the designations and dimensions for the following pneumatic bicycle tyres: — clincher tyres mounted on straight side or crotchet type rims; — tubeless tyres; — tubeless-ready tyres; — tube-type tyres; — “beaded edge” tyres mounted on hooked bead rims. This document does not apply to tubular sew-up tyres and non-pneumatic tyres.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document establishes a framework for the characterization of physical and chemical properties of tyre and road wear particles (TRWP) using published analytical standards. It is applicable to laboratory-generated TRWP and TRWP collected in the environment. NOTE This framework focuses primarily on published International Standards, but also includes standards published by other entities such as ASTM and AFNOR. A brief summary and justification for each standard required to characterize the physical and chemical properties of interest are provided.
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SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all definitions developed by Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cords and Fabrics.
1.2 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to the tire cord fabric industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the tire cord fabric industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, this terminology is also a tool for managing the Subcommittee's terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the same concept are defined in different words.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The tread of a tire, the annular band that contacts the pavement, normally contains geometric tread pattern elements that are defined by grooves or voids. These are employed to confer appropriate traction properties to the tire, mainly on wet or snow-covered roads.
5.2 One characteristic feature of tire tread patterns that is important for both traction and tire wear behavior is the percent or “fractional” groove area. The groove-area fraction is calculated with respect to the total or gross contact area.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a technique for measuring the groove or void area of a tire tread pattern. The void area is measured on the inked impression of a tire tread statically loaded against heavyweight paper on a load platen.
1.2 This procedure is intended to serve as a reference practice for measuring groove or tread pattern void areas in a tire-footprint impression. This technique is usable by any laboratory without special equipment although more sophisticated procedures are also commonly employed, such as optical or video camera processes.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Static measurements of tires are important to tire manufacturers, processing engineers, and vehicle design engineers for purposes of commerce (in consumer/vendor agreements) and in tire research and development.
4.2 The procedures are sufficiently detailed to achieve commercially acceptable reproducibility among laboratories and may therefore be used for specification, compliance, or reference purposes.
4.3 Changes attributable to growth after inflation may be obtained by comparing measurements made immediately after inflation with those made 18 to 24 h later.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers methods for performing certain mechanical static measurements on tires. The term “static” implies that the tire is not rotating while measurements are being made.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Test Methods D1149 and D1171 can be used to evaluate different aspects of fatigue and weather cracking resistance of sidewall component materials in the form of test specimens. The present method applies to complete tires that are subjected to actual weather exposure conditions. The present method is satisfactory for research and development purposes but is not applicable to regulatory statutes or purchase specifications until standard classifications of state of cracking, similar to those in Test Method D1171, can be established.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for evaluating passenger car tires for sidewall component integrity and cracking resistance, using an outdoor roadwheel.
1.2 This test method evaluates the resistance of tire sidewalls to dynamic weathering, atmospheric ozone cracking, fatigue cracking, or openings of splices within, or of junctures between, sidewall components and cracking at molded sidewall elements.
1.3 This test method is useful for evaluating tire black sidewalls, white, or other colored, sidewalls, and coverstrips.
1.4 This test method is limited to comparative performance testing between a “control” sidewall component or assembly and one or more experimental alternatives that are built onto the same tire (“multisection”) or onto tires that are identical in all respects other than the sidewall variation.
1.5 This test method is not applicable to evaluation of sidewall resistance to abrasion, as may be experienced in severe cornering or curb scuffing.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see 5.2.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document establishes a test method for evaluating the wear caused to the road surface by passenger car tyres and light truck tyres that are equipped with studs.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard12 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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This document specifies designations and dimensions for earth-mover tyres and gives the recommended rims primarily intended for earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard27 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document gives working definitions of masses and load cycles and specifies tyre loads and reference inflation pressures for tyres primarily intended for earth-mover machines.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard29 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods for measuring tyre-to-road sound emissions from tyres fitted on rig that applies the tyre on a rotating drum under coast-by conditions (i.e. when the tyre is in free‑rolling, non‑powered operation). The specifications are intended to achieve a correlation between results of testing the exterior noise of tyres in a semi anechoic chamber and outdoor testing as described in ISO 13325. This document is applicable to passenger cars and light commercial vehicles tyres as defined in 3.1. It is not intended to be used to determine the sound contribution of tyres applying a torque, nor for the determination of traffic sound nuisance at a given location.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard42 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements and test methods for tube-type tyres in automotive vehicles that require rubber flaps, in order to ensure they are protected against damages to the inner tube caused by the rim or tyre. This document is applicable to tyres for road vehicles. It does not apply to 2/3 wheeler and non-road tyres. Requirements and test methods for rubber flaps for non-road tyres are provided in Annex E.
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This document specifies the main requirements of the metric series of pneumatic tyres primarily intended for industrial vehicles, including designations, dimensions and markings. The tyres are based on the following parameters: — speeds not exceeding 50 km/h; — use on 5° tapered or flat base rims. The conversion of code-designated industrial tyres into metric-designated tyres is outside the scope of this document.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The 1.707-m [67.23-in.] diameter laboratory test roadwheel is one of the most extensively employed testing devices for tire durability and endurance testing.
5.2 This test apparatus operating in the laboratory at controlled surface speeds, loads, and ambient temperatures simulates, to a degree, tire-operating conditions resembling actual service. Because of the roadwheel curvature, the test tire is fatigued more rapidly than a tire operating on a road.
5.3 The laboratory roadwheel described in this practice is suitable for comparative evaluation of tires under controlled operating and environmental conditions.
5.4 While the laboratory roadwheel may not reproduce structural fatigue exactly as it occurs in service, the laboratory wheel can be used to produce fatigue under controlled conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for a 1.707-m [67.23-in.] diameter laboratory roadwheel for durability and endurance testing of tires under controlled operating and environmental conditions.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7 and Note 1.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the P225/60R16 97S radial low tread depth standard reference test tire. The tire covered by this specification is primarily for use as a reference tire for wet braking traction evaluations for tires in a worn state but may also be used for other evaluations.
1.2 This specification provides a 16 rim diameter code standard tire design and construction, standard dimensions, and specifies the conditions of storage.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology primarily covers definitions for technical terms that occur in ASTM Committee F09 standards on the characteristics and performance of tires.
1.2 Definitions for terms that may also be used in other technologies, such as vehicle behavior, are worded to cover both areas.
1.3 When any definition in this terminology (that does not have the limiting phrase) is quoted out of context, editorially insert the limiting phrase in a tire after the dash following the term. This will properly limit the field of application of the term and definition.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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This document specifies test methods for TPMS snap-in tubeless valves that determine the minimum level of performances requested.
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- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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- Standard13 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This Standard specifies the safety requisites requirements and their verification for the design and building of machines (see the definition in point 3.2) for mounting and demounting tyres on the vehicles listed below and identified according to the international categories M1, M2, N1, O1, O2, L4 and L5:
a) cars
b) buses
c) lorries
d) motor-vehicles for specific or special transport
e) mobile homes
f) cargo trailers
g) car trailers
h) motorised quadricycles
i) motor vehicles
j) mopeds
k) agricultural machines (if the wheel/tyre dimensions are compatible with the maximum dimensions indicated in the tyre changer user instructions)
The vehicles listed in points a) to f) must have an overall full-load mass no greater than 3.5 t.
These machines are designed to ensure the tyre is correctly fitted on the wheel in safe conditions. The standard describes how to eliminate or reduce the risks resulting from the foreseen use (or improper but reasonably foreseeable use) of these machines by the operator during normal operation and service. In addition, it specifies the type of information that the manufacturer must supply with regards to safe working procedures.
The Standard describes all the significant hazards (as listed in Table 1) and the danger situations and events relating to these machines.
This Standard does not apply to hazards regarding maintenance or repairs carried out by professional maintenance personnel.
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the method for measuring the relative ice grip performance index of a candidate tyre compared with a reference tyre under loaded conditions for new tyres intended to be used for passenger cars on surfaces made of ice. This document applies to all passenger car tyres, except for T-type temporary-spare tyres.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tires having reduced groove depth are required in some tire tests to determine changes in performance as a tire wears in service. This guide describes the preparation of artificially worn tires. This guide is not meant to replace the development of worn tires through over-the-road travel when naturally worn tires are required. Further refinements of these techniques may be made with increased field experience.
5.2 The amount of tread rubber to be removed (groove depth reduction) and the final surface texture are selected according to the requirements of a particular testing program.
5.3 The type of test program determines the actual tolerance necessary on the final groove depth. For example, snow traction will require very close control of the final groove depth while vehicle handling tests can accommodate a wider tolerance on the final groove depth.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide outlines the preparation of artificially worn tires by tread rubber removal (cutting or grinding, or both) for subsequent performance testing. The purpose is to permit the preparation of test tires with a uniformly reduced tread groove depth and tread geometry that will yield repeatable test results while avoiding the time-consuming and costly over-the-road natural wearing of tires.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Guide4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a standard procedure of comparative testing, for tire durability and treadwear, for the use of approving tires under the Administrator's Cooperative Approved Tire List (CATL) (2).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers comparative tire durability and treadwear. This test method covers commercially available, over the highway pneumatic tires, new and retreaded, both tube type and tubeless, for use on conventional passenger cars, station wagons, pursuit and emergency high speed and pursuit passenger vehicles, light trucks, medium to heavy truck, trailers, buses, and similar vehicles normally operated on public roads and highways. This test method also covers commercially available, special application light truck tires for operation on non-improved road surfaces.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Tire testing operations usually consist of a sequence of tests that involve special “reference” tires in addition to the candidate tires being evaluated for their performance characteristics. Reference tires serve as an “internal benchmark” which may be used to adjust for variation in test results to give improved comparisons among the candidate tires. Numerous approaches have been adopted using different terminology for such testing. This causes confusion and the purpose of this practice is to standardize some of the elementary concepts and terminology on this topic.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice presents some basic concepts for tire testing and a standard set of terms relating to the use of reference tires frequently used for comprehensive tire testing programs. The tests may be conducted in a laboratory on various dynamometer wheels or other apparatus as well as at outdoor proving ground facilities. The overall objective of this practice is to develop some elementary principles for such testing and standardize the terms used in these operations. This will improve communication among those conducting these tests as well as those using the results of such testing.
1.2 In addition to the basic concepts and terminology, a statistical model for tire testing operations is also presented in Annex A1. This serves as a mathematical and conceptual foundation for the terms and other testing concepts; it will improve understanding. The annex can also serve for future consultation as this practice is expanded to address additional aspects of the testing process.
1.3 This overall topic requires a comprehensive treatment with a sequential or hierarchical development of terms with substantial background discussion. This cannot be accommodated in Terminology F538.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a standard procedure of comparative testing, for tire strength and dimensional characteristics, for use under the Administrator's Cooperative Approved Tire List (CATL) (2).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurements for comparative tire strength and dimensional characteristics. This test method covers new and retreaded pneumatic tires, both tube and tubeless types, and flaps when applicable, for mounting on construction, earthmoving, mining and logging equipment, graders, mobile cranes, and similar vehicles operated at low speeds off the road.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods describe techniques for assessing the performance characteristics of tires in a winter environment on snow and ice surfaces in a standardized manner. When only snow is referred to hereafter, it should be understood that ice is implied as appropriate.
5.2 A series of maneuvers are conducted to characterize several aspects of the tire performance in snow, since a single maneuver is not sufficient to characterize all aspects of a tire's performance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of tire performance on snow and ice surfaces utilizing passenger car or light truck vehicles. Since the tires are evaluated as part of a tire/vehicle system, the conclusions reached may not be applicable to the same tires tested on a different vehicle.
1.2 These test methods do not purport to identify every maneuver useful for determining tire performance in a winter environment.
1.3 These test methods are not meant to evaluate vehicle performance. Allowing for the variability of test results with different vehicles, these procedures have been developed and selected to evaluate relative tire-snow performance.
1.4 These test methods are suitable for research and development purposes, where tires are compared during a single series of tests. They may not be suitable for regulatory statutes or specification acceptance because the values obtained may not necessarily agree or correlate either in rank order or absolute traction performance level with those obtained under other environmental conditions on other surfaces or the same surface after additional use.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off