ISO - International Organization for Standardization

This document specifies a test method for the quantitative determination of the antifungal activity by measuring the intensity of luminescence produced by an enzymatic reaction [adenosine triphosphate (ATP) method]. This document is applicable to various kinds of textile products, such as fibres, yarns, fabrics, clothing, bedclothes, home furnishings and other miscellaneous goods.

This document analyses a feasible way to accommodate interoperability elements for the data component of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI) and extend the meta model framework for interoperability (MFI) in securing interoperability among heterogeneous domain information models under the smart city context. This document: a) outlines the interoperability issues for city domain information models; b) reviews relevant standards and best practices and examines methodologies or solutions to tackle the interoperability issues; c) supposes a use case and provides an example to secure interoperability among different domain information models using model registry; d) specifies technical requirements in concern about how to apply the interoperability elements of the meta model framework to support the interoperability of smart city services; e) highlights the standardization items to be developed to secure interoperability.

This document provides a telehealth cybersecurity reference model of the overall security framework for systems and services applied to telehealth. This document contains a general description of: — factors of telehealth cybersecurity threats; — relationships between security risks and safety risks in telehealth services; — methodologies for defining security levels in telehealth services; — a cybersecurity reference model of telehealth services. Defining the specific type of telehealth services is not covered in this document.

This document specifies requirements for producing and testing a dyed sulfuric acid anodic coating on aluminium alloys. The anodizing process is applied in the manufacture of aerospace products to improve paint adhesion and resistance to corrosion and can colour the part in accordance with the drawing requirements.

This document specifies the requirements for technical procedures, quality inspection, etc. for the surface treatment of martensitic, precipitation hardening and maraging stainless steel parts (e.g.400 series, 17-7PH, 17-4PH, 15-5PH, AM350, AM355, PH15-7Mo, PH13-8Mo, Custom 450 and 455 or equivalent). It provides practical methods for removing contaminants and for obtaining suitable corrosion resistance for aerospace applications. This document applies to the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants, surface cleaning, surface finishing and surface passivation before non-destructive inspection of martensitic, precipitation hardening and maraging stainless steel parts.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the specific electrical resistivity of cathode blocks and baked anodes used in the production of aluminium, using samples at ambient temperature.

NOTE Clause A.2 contains guidance or rationale for this clause. This document specifies requirements for small-bore connectors intended to be used for connections in neural applications. This document does not specify requirements for the medical devices or accessories that use these connectors. Such requirements are given in particular standards for specific medical devices or accessories.

This document specifies information metadata, metrics metadata, clinical data linkage metadata, auxiliary fields, SAM interoperability, protection metadata and programming interfaces of genomic information. It defines: — metadata storage and interpretation for the different encapsulation levels as specified in ISO/IEC 23092-1 (in REF Section_sec_6 \r \h Clause 6 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E000000530065006300740069006F006E005F007300650063005F0036000000 ); — metrics metadata containing sequencing data metrics at the dataset and access unit levels as specified in ISO/IEC 23092-1 (in REF Section_sec_7 \r \h Clause 7 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E000000530065006300740069006F006E005F007300650063005F0037000000 ); — clinical data linkage metadata stored at the dataset group, dataset and annotation table levels as specified in ISO/IEC 23092-1 (in REF Section_sec_8 \r \h Clause 8 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E000000530065006300740069006F006E005F007300650063005F0038000000 ); — protection elements providing confidentiality, integrity and privacy rules at the different encapsulation levels as specified in ISO/IEC 23092-1 (in REF Section_sec_9 \r \h Clause 9 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E000000530065006300740069006F006E005F007300650063005F0039000000 ); — how to associate auxiliary fields to encoded reads (in REF Section_sec_10 \r \h Clause 10 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000F000000530065006300740069006F006E005F007300650063005F00310030000000 ); — interfaces to access genomic information coded in compliance with ISO/IEC 23092-1 and ISO/IEC 23092-2 (in REF Section_sec_12 \r \h Clause 12 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000F000000530065006300740069006F006E005F007300650063005F00310032000000 ); — mechanisms for backward compatibility with existing SAM content, and exportation to this format (in Annex E).

This document specifies requirements for producing and testing an undyed sulfuric acid anodic coating on aluminium alloys. The anodizing process is applied in the manufacture of aerospace products to improve paint adhesion and resistance to corrosion.

This document specifies the requirements for technical procedures, quality inspection, etc. for the surface treatment of austenitic stainless steel parts (e.g. 300 series, AISI 651, A286 or equivalent). This document applies to the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants, surface cleaning, surface finishing and surface passivation before the non-destructive test of austenitic stainless steel parts.

This document specifies gas chromatography (GC) test methods for the deodorant testing of all textile products. These methods apply to odour component chemicals, such as indole, isovaleric acid and nonenal. Two methods are described in this document. — Method A (single analysis) where an odour chemical is applied in a container avoiding contact with a test specimen. — Method B (auto-regeneration) where an odour chemical is applied in a container avoiding contact with a test specimen multiple times to repeatedly challenge a test specimen.

This document specifies a reference model for virtual reality (VR)-based clinical practice simulation. This model includes components, relations, data element and types, and roles of the users.

This document specifies a method to quantify residues of certain organic solvents (see Annex A) in footwear materials with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This document is applicable to footwear materials where there is a risk for the presence of certain solvent residues (e.g. solvent present in glues, leather finishing and coated textiles, plastics, rubber).

This document specifies a method for determining the extension set of leather. It is intended for use on upholstery leather but is applicable to all flexible leathers.

This document is applicable to small floating working machines used for work in, over, or on, inland waters. This document specifies safety-related requirements and test methods. This document specifies minimum requirements for small floating working machines with a length of 3, with temporarily or permanently installed work equipment or machines used on inland waters. These small floating working machines can be used for activities such as extraction work, lifting work, sampling, mowing and clearing work or comparable tasks.

This document describes procedures for determining the specific volume of plastics as a function of temperature and pressure in both the molten and solid states. This document specifies the use of a piston-equipped apparatus in which the test sample, held in a measurement cell, is pressurized by means of the piston. Measurements under conditions of constant pressure or constant temperature can be made. NOTE For the acquisition of data needed for processing design, the isobaric cooling method is found to be more useful, see ISO 17282. The result of this measurement cannot be used directly for injection-moulding simulation. This document is used to obtain: — pvT diagrams that represent the relationship which exists between pressure, specific volume and temperature for a given material; — volumetric compressibility and volumetric thermal-expansion coefficients; — information on first-order and glass transitions as a function of temperature and pressure.

This document defines the requirements for capabilities of build and deployment tools to support and automate building, packaging, and deploying work. This document is intended for use in evaluating and selecting build and deployment tools according to the procedures defined in ISO/IEC 20741. This document is applicable to different development methodologies and approaches (e.g. Waterfall, Agile, or DevOps).

This document specifies procedures in the preparation and carrying out of the modernization process of launch complexes and their components. These procedures are devised in case there is a need to make changes in existing configuration of launch complexes. This document establishes the following: a) modernization stages; b) modernization performance requirements; c) functions of the main participants of the modernization process and their interactions. This document is applicable to organizations involved in the modernization of the launch complexes.

This document specifies test methods and acceptance criteria, within the frequency range of 0,5 MHz to 15 MHz, for assessing the performance of equipment dedicated for determining thickness using pulse-echo ultrasound, e.g. according to ISO 16809. This document only specifies the verifications required for the determination of thickness. This document is applicable to instruments with numerical display and instruments with A-scan presentation, each using either single- or dual-transducer probes. The tests described in this document can be used for verifying equipment covered by ISO 22232-1 and ISO 22232-2 when used for thickness determination.

This document specifies test methods for verifying the capabilities of tyres for motorcycles. The test methods presented in this document are not applicable for gradation of tyre performance or quality levels. This document is applicable to all motorcycle tyres.

This document provides guidelines for the self-assessment questionnaire systems to be used for health. This document includes the following: — structure and components of the self-assessment questionnaire systems; — guidelines for administering and managing the self-assessment questionnaire systems; — basic data elements for interacting with the self-assessment questionnaire systems. This document does not define the contents of the self-assessment questionnaire specialised in healthcare domains or departments. The questionnaires themselves are out of the scope of this document since they are dependent on the intended purpose of the self-assessment questionnaire systems.

This document provides an overview of terminological entries relating to building information modelling (BIM) as well as those relating to geographic information or geomatics. This document identifies terminological entries which are identical, equivalent (i.e. synonyms), homonymous, and entries which are unique to their respective domains. This document does not provide recommendations to resolve terminology homonyms.

This document describes an analytical method to determine the emissions from non-metallic materials used for moulded parts in motor vehicles, such as textiles, carpets, adhesives, sealing compounds, forms, leather, plastic parts, films and sheets, paints or material combinations. The materials are characterized in terms of the type and quantity of organic substances that can be outgassed from them. For this purpose, two semiquantitative sum values are determined, which allow an estimation of the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC value) and the proportion of condensable substances [low volatile “fogging” compound (FOG) value]. Furthermore, individual substances of the emission are determined. During the analysis, the samples are thermally extracted, the emissions are separated by gas chromatography and detected by mass spectrometry. The test method presented in this document provides values that are valid only for conditions described in this document. The results which can be achieved using this method are not appropriate for making further estimations of any kind of the health effects of emitted substances nor should they be used might that can be found in the interior of a complete vehicle in stationary condition, while driving or in conditions similar to driving.

This document specifies the test methods, test conditions, test target design, and analysis procedures for the evaluation of the image permanence performance of photographic reflection prints. Tests based on ISO 18936, ISO 18937 (all parts), ISO 18941, and ISO 18946 characterize the thermal stability, the light stability, the ozone stability, and the humidity stability of photographic prints, respectively. This document is applicable to any photographic reflection print produced through a digital step in the workflow. It includes prints created by chromogenic silver halide, inkjet, electrophotography, thermal diffusion, and other technologies. With reference to monochrome prints, this document is relevant to photographic prints where the print material contains colorants. This document is not relevant to monochrome silver halide prints, often known as black and white prints. The document specifies the content and procedure for graphical reporting of test results as a first level data collection for basic technical communication of image permanence performance of photographic prints. This document does not include application-specific end-points, environmental conditions during preservation and display of photographic prints, and test doses (durations, intensity).

This document establishes requirements and recommendations for adventure tourism involving cyclotourism [e.g. road bike, mountain bike, gravel bike, bikepacking or fatbike, including electrically power assisted cycles (EPAC) and mountain EPAC], relating to the safety of participants, leaders and assistants. This document also establishes criteria relating to characteristics and difficulty levels for cyclotourism route classification. This document applies to cyclotourism offered as a tourism product. Tourism product design involves a product planning and development phase that is not covered in this document. Some tourism products include cyclotourism combined with other tourism services (e.g. transfers, meals, lodging), but this document applies only to cyclotourism. Additional tourism services are excluded from the scope. This document is applicable to any kind of adventure tourism activity provider that offers tourism products consisting of cyclotourism. This document is not applicable to sportive cycling activities (including mountain biking in bike parks or in ski areas), bicycle rentals or bicycle sharing use (i.e. bicycle rental for urban or rural mobility) with no adventure tourism purposes. This document does not cover the maintenance and repair work of the bicycle.

This document specifies the principle, apparatus, condition, sample, procedure and data processing of measuring striae in infrared optical materials. It is applicable for the determination of striae in infrared optical materials, such as infrared optical glass, which is opaque to visible wavelengths and whose transmission optical spectra are beyond 0,78 µm.

This document provides examples and background literature for identifying and calculating greenhouse gas displacement potential for wood-based products as defined in ISO 13391-3:2025, including the calculation of displacement factors. This document also provides a review of considerations for further analyses that address the impact of these potentials over time in a broader economy setting.

This document specifies a method for obtaining a relative measure of the plastic behaviour of hard coal when heated under prescribed conditions. The method is used to obtain values of the plastic properties of coals and blends used in carbonization and in other situations where determination of plastic behaviour of coals is of practical importance. NOTE The empirical nature of this test requires proper equipment calibration to produce fluidity readings which are a true indication of the relative plastic behaviour of the coal.

This document describes the concepts and principles of information and communication technology (ICT) readiness for business continuity (IRBC). It provides a framework of methods and processes to identify and specify aspects for improving an organization's ICT readiness to ensure business continuity. This document serves the following business continuity objectives for ICT: — minimum business continuity objective (MBCO), — recovery point objective (RPO), — recovery time objective (RTO) as part of the ICT business continuity planning. This document is applicable to all types and sizes of organizations. This document describes how ICT departments plan and prepare to contribute to the resilience objectives of the organization.

This Recommendation | International Standard supplements Rec. ITU-T X.509 | ISO/IEC 9594-8 and Rec. ITU-T X.510 | ISO/IEC 9594-11 by providing an extended description of cryptographic algorithms and guidance in establishment and maintenance of a public-key infrastructure (PKI). It is outside the scope of this Recommendation | International Standard to define new cryptographic algorithms, but it is within scope to discuss already-defined cryptographic algorithms that provide optimal protection, including future protection against attacks using powerful quantum computers. This Recommendation | International Standard specifies how public-key infrastructure (PKI) may be adapted to support machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, e.g., smart grid and Internet of things (IoT), to allow interworking. This Recommendation | International Standard specifies the procedures for establishment and maintenance of a PKI supporting new areas, such as intelligent electricity network (smart grid) and industrial Internet of things.

This document specifies a method for the rapid determination of the plasticity of raw rubber and unvulcanized compounded rubber. It is applicable to the determination of the plasticity retention index (PRI) as specified in ISO 2930.

This document specifies a method of determining the total carbon and the total hydrogen in coal and coke by a high temperature combustion method.

This document is based on ISO/IEC 22123-1, ISO/IEC 22123-3 and ISO/IEC 5140 and provides an overview of the management challenges faced in multi-cloud deployments, as well as the management activities that can be undertaken to address these challenges. Additionally this document provides use cases with user and functional views to further explain the multi-cloud management challenges and activities.

This document specifies the method for selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to analyse thin crystalline specimens. This document applies to test areas of micrometres and sub-micrometres in size. The minimum diameter of the selected area in a specimen which can be analysed by this method is restricted by the spherical aberration coefficient of the objective lens of the microscope and approaches hundreds of nanometres for a modern TEM. When the size of an analysed specimen area is smaller than the spherical aberration coefficient restriction, this document can also be used for the analysis procedure. However, because of the effect of spherical aberration and deviation of the specimen height position, some of the diffraction information in the pattern can be generated from outside of the area defined by the selected area aperture. In such cases, the use of microdiffraction (nano-beam diffraction) or convergent beam diffraction, where available, can be preferred. This document is applicable to the acquisition of SAED patterns from crystalline specimens, indexing the patterns and calibration of the camera constant.

This document specifies the form and establishes the interpretation of programs written in the C programming language. It is not a complete specification of that language but builds upon ISO/IEC 9899:2018 by constraining and clarifying the Memory Object Model.

This document specifies the requirements for hot-rolled and cold-reduced electrolytic zinc-coated carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualities. The product is intended for the manufacture of formed or of miscellaneous parts, and can be supplied chemically treated to render it more suitable for painting.

This document specifies methods of determining the sulfate and pyritic sulfur mass fraction of coals, and of calculating the amount of organic sulfur present.

This document provides background information, methods and examples of calculating contributions to carbon stored in wood-based products (harvested wood products, HWP), including storage resulting from HWPs in landfill and bio-CCS, as defined in ISO 13391-1:2025. It includes background to the tier 1 HWP coefficients for various wood-based product categories defined in ISO 13391-1:2025.