ISO - International Organization for Standardization

This Recommendation | International Standard supplements Rec. ITU-T X.509 | ISO/IEC 9594-8 and Rec. ITU-T X.510 | ISO/IEC 9594-11 by providing an extended description of cryptographic algorithms and guidance in establishment and maintenance of a public-key infrastructure (PKI). It is outside the scope of this Recommendation | International Standard to define new cryptographic algorithms, but it is within scope to discuss already-defined cryptographic algorithms that provide optimal protection, including future protection against attacks using powerful quantum computers. This Recommendation | International Standard specifies how public-key infrastructure (PKI) may be adapted to support machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, e.g., smart grid and Internet of things (IoT), to allow interworking. This Recommendation | International Standard specifies the procedures for establishment and maintenance of a PKI supporting new areas, such as intelligent electricity network (smart grid) and industrial Internet of things.

This document specifies a method of determining the total carbon and the total hydrogen in coal and coke by a high temperature combustion method.

This document provides examples and background literature for identifying and calculating greenhouse gas displacement potential for wood-based products as defined in ISO 13391-3:2025, including the calculation of displacement factors. This document also provides a review of considerations for further analyses that address the impact of these potentials over time in a broader economy setting.

This document specifies a method for obtaining a relative measure of the plastic behaviour of hard coal when heated under prescribed conditions. The method is used to obtain values of the plastic properties of coals and blends used in carbonization and in other situations where determination of plastic behaviour of coals is of practical importance. NOTE The empirical nature of this test requires proper equipment calibration to produce fluidity readings which are a true indication of the relative plastic behaviour of the coal.

This document describes the concepts and principles of information and communication technology (ICT) readiness for business continuity (IRBC). It provides a framework of methods and processes to identify and specify aspects for improving an organization's ICT readiness to ensure business continuity. This document serves the following business continuity objectives for ICT: — minimum business continuity objective (MBCO), — recovery point objective (RPO), — recovery time objective (RTO) as part of the ICT business continuity planning. This document is applicable to all types and sizes of organizations. This document describes how ICT departments plan and prepare to contribute to the resilience objectives of the organization.

This document specifies a method for the rapid determination of the plasticity of raw rubber and unvulcanized compounded rubber. It is applicable to the determination of the plasticity retention index (PRI) as specified in ISO 2930.

This document is based on ISO/IEC 22123-1, ISO/IEC 22123-3 and ISO/IEC 5140 and provides an overview of the management challenges faced in multi-cloud deployments, as well as the management activities that can be undertaken to address these challenges. Additionally this document provides use cases with user and functional views to further explain the multi-cloud management challenges and activities.

This document specifies the method for selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to analyse thin crystalline specimens. This document applies to test areas of micrometres and sub-micrometres in size. The minimum diameter of the selected area in a specimen which can be analysed by this method is restricted by the spherical aberration coefficient of the objective lens of the microscope and approaches hundreds of nanometres for a modern TEM. When the size of an analysed specimen area is smaller than the spherical aberration coefficient restriction, this document can also be used for the analysis procedure. However, because of the effect of spherical aberration and deviation of the specimen height position, some of the diffraction information in the pattern can be generated from outside of the area defined by the selected area aperture. In such cases, the use of microdiffraction (nano-beam diffraction) or convergent beam diffraction, where available, can be preferred. This document is applicable to the acquisition of SAED patterns from crystalline specimens, indexing the patterns and calibration of the camera constant.

This document specifies the form and establishes the interpretation of programs written in the C programming language. It is not a complete specification of that language but builds upon ISO/IEC 9899:2018 by constraining and clarifying the Memory Object Model.

This document provides background information, methods and examples of calculating contributions to carbon stored in wood-based products (harvested wood products, HWP), including storage resulting from HWPs in landfill and bio-CCS, as defined in ISO 13391-1:2025. It includes background to the tier 1 HWP coefficients for various wood-based product categories defined in ISO 13391-1:2025.

This document specifies methods of determining the sulfate and pyritic sulfur mass fraction of coals, and of calculating the amount of organic sulfur present.

This document specifies the requirements for hot-rolled and cold-reduced electrolytic zinc-coated carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualities. The product is intended for the manufacture of formed or of miscellaneous parts, and can be supplied chemically treated to render it more suitable for painting.

This document specifies a test method for measuring in situ the sound absorption coefficient of road surfaces for the one-third octave band frequencies ranging from 250 Hz to 1 600 Hz under normal incidence conditions. If necessary for practical applications the diameter of the tube can be reduced to 80 mm. This will increase the upper boundary of the frequency range to 2 000 Hz one-third octave band (see REF Section_sec_5.4 \r \h 5.4 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B020000000800000010000000530065006300740069006F006E005F007300650063005F0035002E0034000000 ) but reduces the area under test. The test method is intended for the following applications: — determination of the sound absorption coefficient (and, if of interest, also the complex acoustical impedance) of semi-dense to dense road surfaces; — determination of the sound absorption properties of test tracks according to ISO 10844[ REF Reference_ref_4 \r \h 2 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000100000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F0034000000 ] or other similar standards and test surfaces defined in national and international type approval regulations for road vehicles and their tyres; — verification of the compliance of the sound absorption coefficient of a road surface with design-specifications or other requirements.

This document specifies procedures for assessing the resistance of paint systems when a cut in the form of a right-angle lattice pattern (cross-cut) or in the form of an X (X-cut) is made into the paint, penetrating through to the substrate. This document is only applicable if the cross-cut or X-cut test method is specified, together with the rating from the appropriate rating scale. This document also specifies suitable equipment and defines inspection areas, sampling plans and acceptance/rejection criteria. It does not specify ratings for particular coating systems.

This document defines the following quantities commonly used to express the composition of gas mixtures: — amount fraction and concentration; — mass fraction and concentration; — volume fraction and concentration. For these quantities of composition, this document specifies methods for: — conversion between different quantities; — conversion between different state conditions. Conversion between different quantities means calculating the value of the content of a specified component in terms of one of the quantities listed above from the value of the same content, at the same pressure and temperature of the gas mixture, given in terms of another of these quantities. Conversion between different state conditions means calculating the value of the content of a specified component, in terms of one of the quantities listed above, under one set of state conditions from the value of the same quantity under another set of state conditions, i.e., pressure and temperature, of the gas mixture. Gas mixture composition can be converted simultaneously between different quantities of composition and different state conditions by combination of the two types of conversion. This document is applicable only to homogeneous and stable gas mixtures. Therefore, any state conditions (pressure and temperature) considered need to be well outside the condensation region of the gas mixture. In addition, volume concentrations can only be used if the component under consideration is completely gaseous, and for the use of volume fractions, all components need to be completely gaseous. Further restrictions of state conditions apply for approximations of compression factors using virial coefficients (see Annex A).

This document specifies two methods for the determination of co-monomer contents of polyethylene products by solution state 13C-NMR spectrometry (nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry): — Method A: inverse gated decoupling method; — Method B: insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer method. This document is applicable to copolymers of ethylene having a content of other 1-olefinic monomers of less than a mass fraction of 50 %. This document is not applicable to ethylene homopolymers or copolymers in which ethylene is polymerized with two or more type 1-olefin comonomers.

This document specifies a syntactic description language for describing the structure of binary data. It covers the representation of an SDL specification in plain text, the syntax of the SDL and the semantic rules of the SDL. In scenarios where the usage or interpretation of the SDL are ambiguous or undefined, this document attempts to specify whether such a scenario is considered an invalid SDL specification or will result in undefined behaviour. NOTE While the SDL borrows from and contains some aspects of a general-purpose programming language, it is not intended, nor is it suitable, to be used for such a purpose. This is reflected in the fact that many concepts related to general-purpose programming languages are not addressed in this document. Examples of concepts considered irrelevant to the SDL and therefore not addressed in this document include storage of an SDL specification in a file, compilation, execution, input/output, execution environment and machine architecture.

This document specifies a test method for the estimation of the short chain branching distribution of semicrystalline ethylene 1-olefin copolymers by successive self-nucleation and annealing (SSA) with conventional, high performance and fast differential scanning calorimetry. This document is applicable to the estimation of the short chain branching distribution of raw materials of semicrystalline ethylene 1-olefin copolymers and its products. Quantitative calculation of short chain branching content, degree of crystallinity and short chain branching distribution is applicable to ethylene/1-butene copolymers, ethylene/1-hexene copolymers and ethylene/1-octene copolymers.

This document describes the common description of the driving behaviour information set (DBIS) data structure and data exchange procedures for sharing among distributed ITS stations by nomadic devices.

This document specifies the principle, devices and operations for measuring bubble size distribution of microbubbles in liquid media using the in-situ dynamic image method. This document is applicable to microbubbles, as well as to bubbles in the size range of 100 μm to 500 μm, dispersed in transparent liquid media, mostly in water.

This document specifies formats for redundant encoding and packaging of live segmented media (REaP). This document specifies: a) formats for Interchangeable Live Media Ingest and stream announcement; b) format and segmentation strategy to generate interchangeable segments; c) formats for generating interchangeable media presentation descriptions or playlists; d) formats for efficient cloud storage access and archiving of live segmented media. e) a protocol for communicating media descriptor files and fragmented media between encoders and packagers. REaP enables the following: 1) failover support and rejoining of distributed components in the workflow (see Annex E); 2) workflows for live with dynamic ad insertion (DAI) with a decisioning system. 3) workflows with digital rights management (DRM) and content protection. 4) Mixing file and live inputs. This document specifies additional constraint to formats defined in ISO/IEC 14496-12, ISO/IEC 23009-1, ISO/IEC 23000-19 and IETF RFC 8216.

This document specifies a method for the determination of reaction temperatures and times, enthalpies of reaction, and degrees of conversion using conventional differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as specified in ISO 11357-1. The method applies to monomers, prepolymers, and polymers in the solid or liquid state. The material can contain fillers and/or initiators in the solid or liquid state. This document is not applicable to fast DSC as specified in ISO 23976.[ REF Reference_ref_2 \r \h 1 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000100000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F0032000000 ]

This document specifies requirements for single use transfusion gravity sets for medical use to ensure their compatibility with containers for blood and blood components as well as with intravenous equipment. It also provides guidance on specifications relating to the quality and performance of materials used in transfusion sets, presents designations for transfusion set components, and ensures the compatibility of sets with a range of cellular and plasma blood components. NOTE In some countries, the national pharmacopoeia or other national regulations are legally binding and take precedence over this document.

This document specifies the Gray-King coke method of assessing the caking power of hard coal under standard conditions.

This document provides a collection of representative use cases of brain-computer interface (BCI) applications in a variety of domains: proposed medical and health, industrial controls, smart environment, etc. This document can be used for the development of potential standards, and it is valuable for a better comprehension of BCI. This document is also helpful for BCI industries and products that provide support for communications among interested parties and stakeholders. This document is applicable to all types of organizations (e.g. commercial enterprises, government agencies, not-for-profit organizations).

This document specifies the quality and safety requirements and test methods of Dioscorea opposita rhizome (dried rhizome of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.). It is applicable to Dioscorea opposita rhizomes that are sold and used as natural medicines in international trade, including Chinese materia medica (whole medicinal material) and decoction pieces derived from this plant.

This document specifies a procedure for the determination of the total mercury mass fraction of coal.

This document specifies requirements for single use transfusion sets for use with pressure infusion equipment capable of generating pressures. It ensures compatibility with containers for blood and blood components as well as intravenous equipment. This document also provides guidance on specifications relating to the quality and performance of materials used in transfusion sets, to present designations for transfusion set components, and to ensure the compatibility of sets with red cell and plasma blood components. NOTE In some countries, the national pharmacopoeia or other national regulations are legally binding and take precedence over this document.

This document specifies the requirements for the contact angle measurement of metallic hydrophobic thin film coatings deposited by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, including thermal evaporation, sputtering and ion plating. This document does not apply to non-metallic coatings, paints or varnishes.

This document provides criteria for planning or rating a failure reporting, analysis and corrective action (FRACA) process, with regard to its capability to collect, process, assess, and eliminate or control failures, in a cost-effective manner that is commensurate with the product safety or mission severity category and life cycle systems engineering product-critical characteristics data. This document is applicable for managing failures that occur to space, launch and ground control systems and equipment after qualification. The requirements in this document apply to all stakeholders that contribute to the design, analysis, test, production and operation of space systems, as required in ISO 14300-2.

This document specifies safety, constructional, performance and testing requirements of normally open automatic vent valves, hereafter referred to as “valves”. This document applies to valves with a declared maximum operating pressure up to and including 500 kPa of nominal connection sizes up to and including DN 100 (4”), for use in gas control train of gas burners or in appliances using gaseous fuels such as natural, manufactured or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). It is not applicable to corrosive and waste gases. This document applies to: — electrically operated valves and to valves actuated by fluids where the control valves for these fluids are actuated electrically, but not to any external devices for switching the control signal or actuating energy; — valves fitted with open position indicator switches. This document covers type testing only.

This document specifies requirements for rapid determination of moisture of fresh meat based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) technology. This document is applicable to the rapid detection of moisture in fresh meat.

This document provides requirements and supporting information on analysis of data collected in situ through methods as specified in ISO/TS 12913-2.

This document specifies terms and definitions to be used in the field of light microscopy and advanced techniques in light microscopy.

This document defines functional and technical requirements for solutions addressing the classification, marking, handling and sharing of sensitive documents. It complements ISO 4669-1, which specifies requirements for information classification, marking and handling (ICMH). This document addresses solutions that control and distribute content in digital format, both inside and outside the organization owning the content. The distribution of content by means of physical media is beyond the scope of this document.

This document provides guidance and requirements for the maintenance in service of mineral oils used as lubricating oils and control fluids used to lubricate steam, gas and combined cycle turbines in service. This document is applicable to lubricants classified in ISO 6743-5 and specified in ISO 8068, except the grades TSD, TGD and TCD (phosphate esters) for which ISO 11365 is more relevant, and the grades TGCE, THA, THCH, THCE and THE. This document also gives guidance and requirements with respect to the corrective actions that are taken to maximize service life.

This document specifies requirements and recommendations to maximize the sustainability of cabling systems including both customer premises infrastructure and the accommodation of information technology equipment by addressing the a) cabling design; b) selection, packaging and transportation of components and related materials; c) installation, operation and maintenance; d) management of waste materials, and e) skill sets necessary for designers, installers and users.

This document specifies dimensions and requirements for high-pressure fuel injection pipe assemblies and assembled pipe sets for both integral and fabricated 60° concave cones used on diesel (compression-ignition) engines.

This document specifies a method for the determination of linear swelling in the radial and tangential directions of wood.

This document defines the assignment and generation of a random, unique, fixed-length identifier for digital tokens in response to a request for registration that conforms to specified application guidelines (see also ISO 24165-2).

This document provides general requirements and guidelines for an ageing-inclusive digital economy, aiming to enhance its applicability and credibility. It specifies the principles, aspects, scenarios, and actions for establishing or transforming to an ageing-inclusive digital economy. This document is applicable to consumers, policymakers, administrations, organizations, and other stakeholders in the digital economy. The requirements and guidelines in this document focus specifically on older persons. This document does not cover information technology, ergonomics, and related requirements and guidelines which are defined or covered by other standards.

This document specifies a simplified routine method for the dynamic or static sampling, by manual or mechanical means, of cereals, pulses and cereal products to assess their quality and condition. It is applicable to sampling for the determination of heterogeneously distributed contaminants, undesirable substances and parameters usually homogenously distributed, such as those used to assess quality or compliance with a specification. It is applicable to daily use in the field, and in silos and factories that ship or receive grains. It does not apply to determining insect infestation in a grain lot. Methods for assessing insect populations are provided in ISO 16002 and ISO 6639-2. This document does not apply to seeds. NOTE The sampling of seeds is governed by the rules established by the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA).

This document specifies requirements and test methods for the physical properties of powered toothbrushes in order to promote the safety of these products for their intended use. There are different technologies of powered toothbrushes. Common features of those powered toothbrushes to which this document applies are: — a battery; — a motor; — a mechanical or magnetic drive system; — a moving brush head with tufted filaments. Powered toothbrushes can have a moving brush head with different motions (e.g. oscillating-rotating, side-by-side), frequencies and velocities. These types of electric toothbrushes are tested for safety in use by means of appropriate test procedures or clinical studies The requirements listed in this document apply to all types of powered toothbrushes. However, there is a possibility that some requirements are not applicable for all types. For example, brush head plate retention can only be applied if the brush has a head portion that can detach from the brush shaft. In addition, for the filaments end-rounding requirements, this document does not apply to filament types that are very thin (less than 0,1 mm outside diameter) or have no sharp edges (e.g. tapered, feathered, with split tips or spherical cap) or non-synthetic filaments, where applying the end-rounding process is inappropriate or impossible. This document is not applicable to other types of powered oral hygiene devices (such as powered interdental brushes) or manual toothbrushes.