ISO/TC 146 - Air quality

This document specifies the measurement methods and strategies for determining the total number of airborne particles per unit volume of air indoor, using a condensation particle counter (CPC) for particles approximately between 10 nm to 3 µm. NOTE As the particle number concentration is usually dominated by the ultrafine particle (UFP) fraction, the obtained result can be used as an approximation of the UFP concentration. Quality assurance, determination of the measurement uncertainty and minimal reporting information are also discussed in this document. This document is applicable to indoor environments as specified in ISO 16000-1. This document does not address the determination of bioaerosols or the chemical characterization of particles. Nevertheless, some bioaerosols can be detected by the CPC and then contribute to the measured count of particles.

This document specifies a procedure for the assessment of the indoor air quality that is valid for all interior rooms in residential and non-residential buildings with natural or mechanical ventilation, in which people do not only stay temporarily. This document is applicable to indoor environments as defined in ISO 16000-1. The assessment of working materials in workrooms or workplaces in buildings, that are subject to statutory occupational safety specifications, are excluded from this document. In these rooms, only air constituents that do not originate from working materials can be assessed according to this document. It is not possible to define classes with exact values for the individual pollutants, as the corresponding limit and guide values differ in individual countries. In addition, the values relate to different observation periods. Aspects concerning electromagnetic fields, noise and vibrations and their effect on the indoor air quality are not the object of this document. The classification of further consequences and measures, such as organisational steps, structural engineering measures, renovation proposals, further human medicine appraisals and the like, are not the object of this document. NOTE This document applies to of all types of indoor environments occupied by all kinds of persons, including regular users, clients and workers.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the mass concentration of particulate cadmium and cadmium compounds in workplace air, using either flame or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The sample digestion procedure specified in 10.2.2 has been validated for a selection of cadmium compounds and pigments and glass enamels containing cadmium. The analytical method has been validated for the determination of masses of 10 ng to 600 ng of cadmium per sample using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, and 0,15 µg to 96 µg of cadmium per sample using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentration range for cadmium in air for which this procedure is applicable is determined in part by the sampling procedure selected by the user. The method is applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable or respirable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to stationary sampling.

This document specifies the following requirements: a) requirements for measurement sections and sites with respect to performing emission measurements; b) requirements for the measurement objective, plan and report of emission measurements of air pollutants and reference quantities to be carried out in waste gas ducts at industrial plants. This document applies to periodic measurements using manual or automated reference methods (RM). This document specifies generic principles which can be applied to perform emission measurements at different plant types and to meet different measurement objectives. NOTE The measurement objective is specified by the customer. The testing institute identifies the measurement objective and related regulatory requirements at the beginning of the measurement planning. Where measurements are being made for regulatory purposes, the customer should seek approval from the competent authority. This document specifies procedures for taking representative samples in waste gas ducts. This document specifies a procedure for finding the best available sampling point for automated measuring systems used for continuous monitoring of emissions. The planning and reporting aspects of this document are applicable to emission measurements at diffusive and fugitive emission sources. This document does not address aspects of structural safety of chimneys and ducts, construction of working platforms and safety of personnel using them.

This document specifies a harmonized methodology for calculating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the cement industry, with a view to reporting these emissions for various purposes and by different basis, such as, plant basis, company basis (by country or by region) or even international group basis. It addresses all the following direct and indirect sources of GHG included: — Direct GHG emissions [ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4, a)] from sources that are owned or controlled by the organization, such as emissions that result from the following processes: — calcinations of carbonates and combustion of organic carbon contained in raw materials; — combustion of kiln fuels (fossil kiln fuels, alternative fossil fuels, mixed fuels with biogenic carbon content, biomass and bioliquids) related to either clinker production or drying of raw materials and fuels, or both; — combustion of non-kiln fuels (fossil fuels, alternative fossil fuels, mixed fuels with biogenic carbon content, biomass and bioliquids) related to equipment and on-site vehicles, room heating and cooling, drying of MIC (e.g. slag or pozzolana); — combustion of fuels for on-site power generation; — combustion of carbon contained in wastewater; — Indirect GHG emissions [ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4, b)] from the generation of purchased electricity consumed in the organization’s owned or controlled equipment; — Other indirect GHG emissions [(ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4, c) to f)] from purchased clinker. Excluded from this document are all other ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4, c) to f) emissions from the cement industry.

This document provides a harmonized methodology for calculating GHG emissions from the ferro-alloys industry based on the mass balance approach. This document also provides key performance indicators over time for ferro-alloys plants. This document covers the following direct and indirect sources of GHG: — direct GHG emissions [see ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4 a)] from sources that are owned or controlled by the company, such as emissions resulting from the following sources: — smelting (reduction) process; — decomposition of carbonates inside the furnace; — auxiliaries operation related to the smelting operation (i.e. aggregates, drying processes, heating of ladles, etc.); — indirect GHG emissions [see ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4 b)] from the generation of purchased electricity consumed in the company’s owned or controlled equipment.

This document specifies a harmonized method for calculating the emissions of greenhouse gases from the electrolysis section of primary aluminium smelters and aluminium anode baking plants. This document also specifies key performance indicators for the purpose of benchmarking of aluminium and boundaries.

This document provides a harmonized methodology for calculating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the lime industry. It includes the manufacture of lime and any downstream lime products manufactured at the plant, such as ground or hydrated lime. This document allows for reporting of GHG emissions for various purposes and on different basis, such as plant basis, company basis (by country or by region) or international organization basis. This document addresses all of the following direct and indirect sources of GHG included as defined in ISO 14064-1: — direct greenhouse gas emissions [see ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4 a)] from greenhouse gas sources that are owned or controlled by the company, such as emissions resulting from the following sources: — calcination of carbonates and combustion of organic carbon contained in the kiln stone; — combustion of kiln fuels (fossil kiln fuels, alternative fossil fuels, mixed fuels with biogenic carbon content, biomass fuels and bio fuels) related to lime production and/or drying of raw materials; — combustion of non-kiln fuels (fossil kiln fuels, mixed fuels with biogenic carbon content, biomass fuels and bio fuels) related to equipment and on-site vehicles, heating/cooling and other on-site uses; — combustion of fuels for on-site power generation; — indirect greenhouse gas emissions [see ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4 b)] from the generation of imported electricity, heat or steam consumed by the organization; — other indirect greenhouse gas emissions [see ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4 c) to f)], which are a consequence of an organization's activities, but arise from greenhouse gas sources that are owned or controlled by other organizations, except emissions from imported kiln stone, are excluded from this document. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 19694-1, which contains generic, overall requirements, definitions and rules applicable to the determination of GHG emissions for all energy-intensive sectors, provides common methodological issues and defines the details for applying the rules. The application of this document to the sector-specific standards ensures accuracy, precision and reproducibility of the results.

This document specifies procedures for establishing quality assurance levels (QAL) for automated measuring systems (AMS) installed on industrial plants for the determination of the flue gas components and other flue gas parameters. This document specifies: — a procedure (QAL2) to calibrate the AMS and determine the variability of the measured values obtained by it, so as to demonstrate the suitability of the AMS for its application, following its installation; — a procedure (QAL3) to maintain and demonstrate the required quality of the measurement results during the normal operation of an AMS, by checking that the zero and span characteristics are consistent with those determined during QAL1; — a procedure for the annual surveillance tests (AST) of the AMS in order to evaluate (i) that it functions correctly and its performance remains valid and (ii) that its calibration function and variability remain as previously determined. This document is designed to be used after the AMS has been certified in accordance with the series of documents EN 15267.

This document provides guidelines for the design, manufacture, installation, and maintenance of a WPR. It describes the following: — Measurement principle (Clause 5). Scatterers that produce echoes and methods of wind velocity measurement are described. The description of the measurement principle mainly aims at providing the information necessary for describing the guidelines in Clauses 6 to 11. — Guidelines for WPR system (Clause 6). Frequency, hardware, software, and signal processing are described. They are mainly applied in designing and manufacturing the hardware and software of WPR. — Guidelines for system performance (Clause 7). Measurement resolution, range sampling, radar sensitivity evaluation, and measurement accuracy are described. They can be used for estimating the measurement performance of a WPR’s system design and operation. — Guidelines for quality control (QC) in digital signal processing (Clause 8). — Guidelines for measurement products and data format (Clause 9). Measurement products obtained by a WPR and their data levels are defined. Guidelines for data file formats are also described. — Guidelines for installation (Clause 10) and maintenance (Clause 11). This document does not aim at providing a thorough description of the measurement principle, WPR systems, and WPR applications. For further details of these items, users are referred to technical books (e.g. References [1],[2],[3]). WPRs are referred to by various names (e.g. radar wind profiler, wind profiler radar, wind profiling radar, atmospheric radar, or clear-air Doppler radar). Conventional naming for WPRs should be allowed.

This document specifies flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric methods for the determination of the time-weighted average mass concentration of particulate lead and lead compounds in workplace air. These methods are typically applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to static (area) sampling. It can be applied to other health-related fractions as required. The sample dissolution procedure specifies hot plate or microwave assisted digestion, or ultrasonic extraction (see 11.2). The use of an alternative, more vigorous dissolution procedure is necessary when it is desired to extract lead from compounds present in the test atmosphere that are insoluble using the dissolution procedures described herein (see Clause 5). The flame atomic absorption method is applicable to the determination of masses of approximately 1 µg to 200 µg of lead per sample, without dilution[1]. The electrothermal atomic absorption method is applicable to the determination of masses of approximately 0,01 µg to 0,5 µg of lead per sample, without dilution[1]. The ultrasonic extraction procedure has been validated for the determination of masses of approximately 20 µg to 100 µg of lead per sample, for laboratory-generated lead fume air filter samples[2]. The concentration range for lead in air for which this procedure is applicable is determined in part by the sampling procedure selected by the user (see 10.1).

This document specifies requirements for the evaluation of measuring procedures using samplers for the determination of a chemical agent present in the workplace atmosphere as a mixture of airborne particles and vapour. The procedures given in this document provide results only for the sum of airborne particles and vapour. The concentration is calculated in terms of mass per unit volume. NOTE The physical behaviour of a mixture of airborne particles and vapour is described in Annex A. Examples of substances which can be present in multiple phases are toluene diisocyanate, diethanolamine, ethyleneglycol and tributylphosphate. This document can also be applied to complex mixtures, such as metal working fluids or bitumen fumes. This document is applicable to samplers and measuring procedures using these samplers in which sampling and analysis are carried out in separate stages.

This document specifies a determination of formaldehyde (HCHO) and other carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) in air. The method is specific to formaldehyde but, with modification, at least 12 other aromatic as well as saturated and unsaturated aliphatic carbonyl compounds can be detected and quantified. It is suitable for determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in the approximate concentration range 1 µg/m3 to 1 mg/m3. The sampling method gives a time-weighted average (TWA) sample. It can be used for long-term (1 h to 24 h) or short-term (5 min to 60 min) sampling of air for formaldehyde. This document specifies a sampling and analysis procedure for formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds that involves collection from air on to adsorbent cartridges coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and subsequent analysis of the hydrazones formed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection by ultraviolet absorption[12],[16]. The method is not suitable for longer chained or unsaturated carbonyl compounds.

This document specifies a method for the determination of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in flue gas of stationary sources and describes the fundamental structure and the key performance characteristics of automated measuring systems. The method allows continuous monitoring with permanently installed measuring systems of NOx emissions. This document describes extractive systems and in situ (non-extractive) systems in connection with a range of analysers that operate using, for example, the following principles: — chemiluminescence (CL); — infrared absorption (NDIR); — Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; — ultraviolet absorption (NDUV); — differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS); Other equivalent instrumental methods such as laser spectroscopic techniques can be used provided they meet the minimum performance requirements specified in this document. The measuring system can be validated with reference materials, in accordance with this document, or comparable methods. Automated measuring system (AMS) based on the principles listed above has been used successfully in this application for the measuring ranges as shown in Annex F.

This document specifies performance requirements for battery powered pumps used for personal sampling of chemical and biological agents in workplace air. It also specifies test methods in order to determine the performance characteristics of such pumps under prescribed laboratory conditions. This document is applicable to battery powered pumps having a nominal volumetric flow rate above 10 ml ⋅ min−1, as used with combinations of sampler and collection substrate for sampling of gases, vapours, dusts, fumes, mists and fibres. This document is primarily intended for flow-controlled pumps.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the time-weighted average mass concentration of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid in workplace air by ion chromatography. The anions are detected by conductivity. The method is applicable to the personal sampling of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to static (area) sampling. The method does not apply to the determination of sulfur trioxide. The procedure does not differentiate between the acids and their corresponding salts if both are present in the workplace air. The procedure does not differentiate between phosphoric acid and diphosphorus pentoxide (phosphoric anhydride) if both are present in the workplace air.

This document provides requirements for the evaluation and use of test method for snow depth sensors. This document is applicable to the following types of automatic snow depth sensors which employ different ranging technologies by which the sensors measure the distance from the snow surface to the sensor: a) Ultrasonic type, also known as sonic ranging depth sensors; b) Optical laser snow depth sensors including single point and multipoint snow depth sensors; c) Other snow depth sensors. This document mainly covers two major tests: a laboratory(indoor) test and a field (outdoor) test. The laboratory test includes the basic performance test and other tests under various environmental changes. The field test is proposed to ensure the performance of the snow depth sensors in field measurement conditions. For the field test, both the natural ground and artificial target surface such as snow plates are considered for the procedures defined in this document.

This document specifies performance requirements and test methods under prescribed laboratory conditions for the evaluation of diffusive samplers (see Reference [1]) and of procedures using these samplers for the determination of gases and vapours in workplace atmospheres (see Reference [2]). This document is applicable to diffusive samplers and measuring procedures using these samplers, such as ISO 16200‑2 and ISO 16017‑2, in which sampling and analysis are carried out in separate stages. This document is not applicable to — diffusive samplers which are used for the direct determination of concentrations, and — diffusive samplers which rely on sorption into a liquid. This document addresses requirements for method developers and/or manufacturers. NOTE For the purposes of this document a manufacturer can be any commercial or non-commercial entity.

This document specifies the whole vehicle test chamber, the vapour sampling assembly and the operating conditions for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbonyl compounds in vehicle cabin air. There are three measurements performed: one (for VOCs and carbonyl compounds) during the simulation of ambient conditions (ambient mode) at standard conditions of 23 °C - 25 °C with no air exchange; a second only for the measurement of formaldehyde at elevated temperatures (parking mode); and a third for VOCs and carbonyl compounds simulating driving after the vehicle has been parked in the sun starting at elevated temperatures (driving mode). For the simulation of the mean sun irradiation, a fixed irradiation in the whole vehicle test chamber is employed. The VOC method is valid for measurement of non-polar and slightly polar VOCs in a concentration range of sub-micrograms per cubic metre up to several milligrams per cubic metre. Using the principles specified in this method, some semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) can also be analysed. Compatible compounds are those which can be trapped and released from the Tenax TA®[1] sorbent tubes described in ISO 16000‑6, which includes VOCs ranging in volatility from n-C6 to n-C16. The sampling and analysis procedure for formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds is performed by collecting air on to cartridges coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and subsequent analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection by ultraviolet absorption. Formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds can be determined in the approximate concentration range 1 µg/m3 to 1 mg/m3. The method is valid for passenger cars, as defined in ECE-TRANS-WP.29/1045. This document gives guidelines for: a) transport and storage of the test vehicles until the start of the test; b) conditioning for the surroundings of the test vehicle and the test vehicle itself as well as the whole vehicle test chamber; c) conditioning of the test vehicle prior to measurements; d) simulation of ambient air conditions (ambient mode); e) formaldehyde sampling at elevated temperatures (parking mode); f) simulation of driving after the test vehicle has been parked in the sun (driving mode). [1] Tenax TA® is the trade name of a product supplied by Buchem. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.

This document specifies a method for determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in indoor air and in air sampled for the determination of the emission from products or materials used in indoor environments (according to ISO 16000‑1) using test chambers and test cells. The method uses sorbent sampling tubes with subsequent thermal desorption (TD) and gas chromatographic (GC) analysis employing a capillary column and a mass spectrometric (MS) detector with or without an additional flame ionisation detector (FID)[13]. The method is applicable to the measurement of most GC-compatible vapour-phase organic compounds at concentrations ranging from micrograms per cubic metre to several milligrams per cubic metre. Many very volatile organic compounds (VVOC) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) can be analysed depending on the sorbents used.

IEC 62990-2:2021 gives guidance on the selection, installation, use and maintenance of electrical equipment used for the measurement of toxic gases and vapours in workplace atmospheres. The primary purpose of such equipment is to ensure safety of personnel and property by providing an indication of the concentration of a toxic gas or vapour and warning of its presence. This document is applicable to equipment whose purpose is to provide an indication, alarm or other output function to give a warning of the presence of a toxic gas or vapour in the atmosphere and in some cases to initiate automatic or manual protective actions. It is applicable to equipment in which the sensor automatically generates an electrical signal when gas is present. For the purposes of this document, equipment includes: a) fixed equipment; b) transportable equipment, and c) portable equipment. This document is intended to cover equipment defined within IEC 62990-1, but can provide useful information for equipment not covered by that document.

This document describes and specifies the whole vehicle test chamber, the vapour sampling assembly and the operating conditions for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs; for more information see Annex E), and carbonyl compounds in vehicle cabin air. There are three measurements performed: one (for VOCs and carbonyl compounds) during the simulation of ambient conditions (ambient mode) at standard conditions of 23 °C with no air exchange; a second only for the measurement of formaldehyde at elevated temperatures (parking mode); and a third for VOCs and carbonyl compounds simulating driving after the vehicle has been parked in the sun starting at elevated temperatures (driving mode). For the simulation of the mean sun irradiation, fixed irradiation in the whole vehicle test chamber is employed. The VOC method is valid for measurement of non-polar and slightly polar VOCs in a concentration range of sub-micrograms per cubic metre up to several milligrams per cubic metre. Using the principles described in this method, some semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) can also be analysed. Compatible compounds are those which can be trapped and released from the Tenax TA®1) sorbent tubes described in ISO 16000‑6, which includes VOCs ranging in volatility from n-C6 to n-C16. The sampling and analysis procedure for formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds is performed by collecting air on to cartridges coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and subsequent analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection by ultraviolet absorption. Formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds can be determined in the approximate concentration range 1 μg/m3 to 1 mg/m3. This method applicable to trucks and buses, as defined in ISO 3833:1977 3.1.1 to 3.1.6. This document describes: a) Transport and storage of the test vehicle until the start of the test. b) Conditioning of the surroundings of the test vehicle and the test vehicle itself as well as the whole vehicle test chamber. c) Conditioning of the test vehicle prior to measurements. d) Simulation of ambient air conditions (ambient mode). e) Formaldehyde sampling at elevated temperatures (parking mode). f) Simulation of driving after the test vehicle has been parked in the sun (driving mode). 1)Tenax TA® is the trade name of a product supplied by Buchem. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.

The method described in this document quantifies the absolute exposure to mineral oil vapours and droplets, within a concentration range from 0,5 mg/m3 to 125 mg/m3, in the inhalable fraction of the workplace air. This document contains comprehensive information and instructions on the equipment and chemicals to be used. This method is applicable for water soluble oils and metal working fluids.

This document describes methods for determining air speed and flow direction, CO, NO and NO2 concentrations and visibility in road tunnels using direct-reading instruments. This document specifically excludes requirements relating to instrument conformance testing.

This document describes a method for the sampling and measurement of mercury of both vapour and solid phases on stationary source flue gas streams. Mercury generally exists as elemental (Hg0) and oxidized (Hg2+) forms, both in the vapour and solid phases in flue gases. The vapour-phase (gaseous) mercury is captured either isokinetically or non-isokinetically with a gold amalgamation trap after removing solid-phase (particulate) mercury with a filter. Because gold amalgamation trap captures only gaseous elemental mercury, the oxidized mercury (Hg2+) in the vapour phase is converted to elemental mercury (Hg0) prior to the gold amalgamation trap. The concentration of gaseous mercury is determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) or atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) after releasing mercury by heating the gold amalgamation trap. Separately, particulate mercury is collected isokinetically on a filter and the concentration is determined using cold vapour AAS or cold vapour AFS after dissolving the particulate mercury into solution. The total concentration of mercury in flue gas is expressed as the sum of both gaseous and particulate mercury concentrations. The gold amalgamation method is intended for short-term (periodic) measurements of gaseous mercury ranging from 0,01 μg/m3 to 100 μg/m3 with sampling volumes from 0,005 m3 to 0,1 m3 and sample gas flow rate between 0,2 l/min to 1 l/min. The measurement range of particulate mercury is typically from 0,01 μg/m3 to 100 μg/m3 with sampling volume from 0,05 m3 to 1 m3.

This document specifies a laboratory test method using test chambers defined in ISO 16000-9 and further specified in EN 16516 and evaluation procedures for the determination of odours emitted from building products and materials. Sampling, transport and storage of materials under test, as well as preparation of test specimens are described in ISO 16000-11 and further specified in EN 16516.

This document specifies performance requirements and test methods under prescribed laboratory conditions for the evaluation of pumped samplers used in conjunction with an air sampling pump and of procedures using these samplers for the determination of gases and vapours in workplace atmospheres. This document addresses requirements for method developers and/or manufacturers. NOTE 1 For the purposes of this document, a manufacturer can be any commercial or non-commercial entity. NOTE 2 For the sampling of semi-volatile compounds which can appear as a mixture of vapours and airborne particles in workplace atmospheres see EN 13936. This document is applicable to pumped samplers and measuring procedures using these samplers in which sampling and analysis are carried out in separate stages. This document is not applicable to: — pumped samplers which are used for the direct determination of concentrations, for example, length-of-stain detector tubes; — samplers which rely on sorption into a liquid, and subsequent analysis of the solution (bubblers).

This document specifies a method for collecting samples of airborne particulate matter for subsequent determination of metals and metalloids using inductively coupled plasma — atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Samples obtained using the method described herein can also be subsequently analysed for elemental composition by other instrumental methods, such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method is not applicable to the sampling of mercury, which is present in air in the vapour phase at ambient temperatures; inorganic compounds of metals and metalloids that are permanent gases, e.g. arsine (AsH3); or inorganic compounds of metals and metalloids that are present in the vapour phase at ambient temperatures, e.g. arsenic trioxide (As2O3). NOTE Although the method does not describe a means of collecting inorganic compounds of metals and metalloids that are present in the vapour phase, in most instances this is relatively easily to achieve by using a back-up filter which has been pre-treated to trap the compound(s) of interest, e.g. a back-up paper pad impregnated with sodium carbonate is suitable for collecting arsenic trioxide (see ISO 11041[2]). The method is applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable, thoracic or respirable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to static sampling. This document excludes sampling of surfaces or bulk materials. Guidance on collection of samples for surfaces may be found in ASTM D7659[7].

This document specifies terms and definitions that are related to air quality (see 3.1.1.1). These are either general terms or are used in connection with the sampling (see 3.3.3.1) and measurement of gases, vapours (see 3.1.5.8) and airborne particles (see 3.2.2.1) for the determination of air quality. The terms included are those that have been identified as being fundamental because their definition is necessary to avoid ambiguity and ensure consistency of use. An alphabetical index of the terms is provided in Annex A. This document is applicable to all International Standards, ISO Technical Reports, ISO Technical Specifications, and ISO Guides related to air quality.

This document specifies a number of suitable methods for preparing test solutions from samples of airborne particulate matter collected using the method specified in ISO 15202‑1, for subsequent determination of metals and metalloids by ICP‑AES using the method specified in ISO 15202‑3. It contains information about the applicability of the methods with respect to the measurement of metals and metalloids for which limit values have been set. The methods can also be used in the measurement of some metals and metalloids for which limit values have not been set but no information about its applicability is provided in this case. NOTE The sample preparation methods described in this document are generally suitable for use with analytical techniques other than ICP‑AES, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) by ISO 8518[5] and ISO 11174[10] and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‑MS) by ISO 30011[11]. The method specified in Annex B is applicable when making measurements for comparison with limit values for soluble metal or metalloid compounds. One or more of the sample dissolution methods specified in Annexes C through H are applicable when making measurements for comparison with limit values for total metals and metalloids and their compounds. Information on the applicability of individual methods is given in the scope of the annex in which the method is specified. The following is a non-exclusive list of metals and metalloids for which limit values have been set (see References [14] and [15]) and for which one or more of the sample dissolution methods specified in this document are applicable. However, there is no information available on the effectiveness of any of the specified sample dissolution methods for those elements in italics. Aluminium Calcium Magnesium Selenium Tungsten Antimony Chromium Manganese Silver Uranium Arsenic Cobalt Mercury Sodium Vanadium Barium Copper Molybdenum Strontium Yttrium Beryllium Hafnium Nickel Tantalum Zinc Bismuth Indium Phosphorus Tellurium Zirconium Boron Iron Platinum Thallium Caesium Lead Potassium Tin Cadmium Lithium Rhodium Titanium ISO 15202 is not applicable to the determination of elemental mercury or arsenic trioxide, since mercury vapour and arsenic trioxide vapour are not collected using the sampling method specified in ISO 15202‑1.

This document specifies a method using scanning electron microscopy for determination of the concentration of inorganic fibrous particles in the air. The method specifies the use of gold-coated, capillary-pore, track-etched membrane filters, through which a known volume of air has been drawn. Using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, the method can discriminate between fibres with compositions consistent with those of the asbestos varieties (e.g. serpentine and amphibole), gypsum, and other inorganic fibres. Annex C provides a summary of fibre types which can be measured. This document is applicable to the measurement of the concentrations of inorganic fibrous particles in ambient air. The method is also applicable for determining the numerical concentrations of inorganic fibrous particles in the interior atmospheres of buildings, for example to determine the concentration of airborne inorganic fibrous particles remaining after the removal of asbestos-containing products. The range of concentrations for fibres with lengths greater than 5 µm, in the range of widths which can be detected under standard measurement conditions (see 7.2), is approximately 3 fibres to 200 fibres per square millimetre of filter area. The air concentrations, in fibres per cubic metre, represented by these values are a function of the volume of air sampled. The ability of the method to detect and classify fibres with widths lower than 0,2 µm is limited. If airborne fibres in the atmosphere being sampled are predominantly [8] can be used to determine the smaller fibres.

This document specifies the fundamental structure and the most important performance characteristics of automated measuring systems for carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) to be used on stationary source emissions. This document describes methods and equipment for the measurement of concentrations of these gases. The method allows continuous monitoring with permanently installed measuring systems of CO, CO2 and O2 emissions. This international standard describes extractive systems and in situ (non-extractive) systems in connection with analysers that operate using, for example, the following principles: — infrared absorption (CO and CO2); — paramagnetism (O2); — zirconium oxide (O2); — electrochemical cell (O2); — tuneable laser spectroscopy (TLS) (CO, CO2 and O2). Other instrumental methods can be used provided they meet the minimum requirements proposed in this document. Automated measuring systems (AMS) based on the principles above have been used successfully in this application for measuring ranges which are described in Annex G.

This document specifies a reference method using transmission electron microscopy for the determination of airborne asbestos fibres and structures in in a wide range of ambient air situations, including the interior atmospheres of buildings, and for a detailed evaluation for asbestos structures in any atmosphere. The method allows determination of the type(s) of asbestos fibres present and also includes measurement of the lengths, widths and aspect ratios of the asbestos structures. The method cannot discriminate between individual fibres of asbestos and elongate fragments (cleavage fragments and acicular particles) from non-asbestos analogues of the same amphibole mineral[13].

This document specifies a reference method using transmission electron microscopy for the determination of airborne asbestos fibres and structures in in a wide range of ambient air situations, including the interior atmospheres of buildings, and for a detailed evaluation for asbestos structures in any atmosphere. The specimen preparation procedure incorporates ashing and dispersion of the collected particulate, so that all asbestos is measured, including the asbestos originally incorporated in particle aggregates or particles of composite materials. The lengths, widths and aspect ratios of the asbestos fibres and bundles are measured, and these, together with the density of the type of asbestos, also allow the total mass concentration of airborne asbestos to be calculated. The method allows determination of the type(s) of asbestos fibres present. The method cannot discriminate between individual fibres of the asbestos and elongate fragments (cleavage fragments and acicular particles) from non-asbestos analogues of the same amphibole mineral[12].

This document specifies the use of FTIR spectrometry for determining the concentrations of individual volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in waste gases from non-combustion processes. The method can be employed to continuously analyse sample gas which is extracted from ducts and other sources. A bag sampling method can also be applied, if the compounds do not adsorb on the bag material, and is appropriate in cases where it is difficult or impossible to obtain a direct extractive sample. The principle, sampling procedure, IR spectral measurement and analysis, calibration, handling interference, QA/QC procedures and some essential performance criteria for measurement of individual VOCs are described in this document. NOTE 1 The practical minimum detectable concentration of this method depends on the FTIR instrument (i.e. gas cell path length, resolution, instrumental noise and analytical algorithm) used, compounds, and interference specific (e.g. water and CO2).

This document specifies a manual method of measurement including sampling and different analytical methods for the determination of the mass concentration of ammonia (NH3) in the waste gas of industrial plants, for example combustion plants or agricultural plants. All compounds which are volatile at the sampling temperature and produce ammonium ions upon dissociation during sampling in the absorption solution are measured by this method, which gives the volatile ammonia content of the waste gas. This document specifies an independent method of measurement, which has been validated in field tests in a NH3 concentration range of approximately 8 mg/m3 to 65 mg/m3 at standard conditions. The lower limit of the validation range was determined under operational conditions of a test plant. The measurement method can be used at lower values depending, for example, on the sampling duration, sampling volume and the limit of detection of the analytical method used. NOTE 1 The plant, the conditions during field tests and the performance characteristics obtained in the field are given in Annex A. This method of measurement can be used for intermittent monitoring of ammonia emissions as well as for the calibration and validation of permanently installed automated ammonia measuring systems. NOTE 2 An independent method of measurement is called standard reference method (SRM) in EN 14181.

This document specifies requirements for an indoor air quality management system. It is applicable to any organization that wishes to: a) establish a system for the management of the quality of indoor air; b) implement, maintain and continually improve the indoor air quality management system; c) ensure conformity to the indoor air quality management system; d) demonstrate conformity to this document. It is applicable to the indoor environments of all kinds of facilities, installations and buildings, except those that are exclusively dedicated to industrial and/or agriculture activities. It is applicable to all types of indoor environments occupied by all kinds of persons, including regular users, clients, workers, etc.

This document, along with ISO 16000-38, specifies the measurement method for determining the mass concentration of primary, secondary and tertiary aliphatic and aromatic amines in indoor air using accumulated sampling and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) or high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The analytical procedure is covered by this document. The sampling procedure and the manufacturing of the samplers are covered by ISO 16000-38. This document describes specifications for the chromatography and the mass spectroscopy for the amines. Measurement results are expressed in µg/m3. Although primarily intended for the measurement of amines listed in Tables A.1 and A.2, it can also be used for the measurement of other amines in indoor air. This document gives instructions and describes procedures for the inclusion of other amines. The range of application of this document concerning the concentrations of amines in indoor air depends on the linear range of the calibration line and hence on the gas sample volume (here: from 5 l up to 100 l), the eluate volume (from 1 ml up to 5 ml), the injection volume (from 1 µl up to 10 µl) and the sensitivity of the analytical equipment (e.g. linear range from 2 pg up to 2 ng amine). The range of application can be expected to be from approximately 0,002 µg/m3 (100 l sample) up to 2 000 µg/m3 (5 l sample) for a common analytical equipment (e.g. Waters ?TQD") for the majority of the amines listed in Tables A.1 and A.2. The analysis of derivatives of ethanolamine is usually about 10 times more sensitive and the analysis of short-chained aliphatic amines is usually about 10 times less sensitive than the analysis of an average amine. The performance data of the analytical method is given in Annex B, particularly in Tables B.1 and B.2. This document can be used also for the determination of amines in water if the detection limit is sufficient. This document does not cover the determination of isocyanates in indoor air (nor in water samples) as corresponding amines (covered by ISO 17734-1 and ISO 17734-2).

This document specifies a large bag sampling method for measuring volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds which are emitted from vehicle interior parts into the air inside road vehicles. This method is intended for evaluation of large new vehicle interior parts, and complete assemblies. This is a screening method to compare similar car components under similar test conditions on a routine basis. Evaluating VOC emissions of vehicle interior parts is an important aspect of the vehicle indoor air quality. This document is complementary to existing standards and provides test laboratories and the manufacturing industry with a cost-effective evaluation of vehicle interior parts. This method is only applicable to newly manufactured vehicle parts. This method is applicable to all types of vehicles, and vehicle products which are used as parts in the interior of vehicles.

This document specifies a method for the sampling and analysis of airborne organic isocyanates in workplace air. This document is applicable to a wide range of organic compounds containing isocyanate groups, including monofunctional isocyanates (e.g. phenyl isocyanate), diisocyanate monomers [e.g. 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI)], prepolymers (e.g. the biuret and isocyanurate of HDI), as well as chromatographable intermediate products formed during production or thermal breakdown of polyurethane. In mixed systems of HDI and IPDI products, it is impossible to identify and quantify low levels of IPDI monomer using this document, due to coelution of IPDI monomer with HDI-uretidinedione. It is known that the method underestimates the oligomer in MDI-based products. Total isocyanate group (NCO) is underestimated in MDI-based products by about 35 % as compared to dibutylamine titration. The method has been successfully modified to be used with LC-MS-MS for TDI monomer using an isocratic 70 % acetonitrile/30 % 10 mM ammonium formate mobile phase. The useful range of the method, expressed in moles of isocyanate group per species per sample, is approximately 1 × 10−10 to 2 × 10−7. The instrumental detection limit for the monomers using both ultraviolet (UV) detection and fluorescence (FL) detection is about 2 ng monomer per sample. The useful limit of detection for the method using reagent impregnated filters is about 10 ng to 20 ng monomer per sample for both UV and FL detection. For a 15 l sample, this corresponds to 0,7 µg/m−3 to 1,4 µg/m−3. For impinger samples, which require solid phase extraction, experience has shown that the useful limit of detection is about 30 ng to 80 ng monomer per sample.

ISO 19926-1:2019 specifies system performance of ground-based weather radar systems measuring the atmosphere using frequencies between 2 GHz and 10 GHz. These systems are suitable for the area-wide detection of precipitation and other meteorological targets at different altitudes. This document also describes ways to verify the different aspects of system performance, including infrastructure. ISO 19926-1:2019 is applicable to linear polarization parabolic radar systems, dual-polarization and single-polarization radars. It does not apply to fan-beam radars [narrow in azimuth (AZ) and broad in elevation (EL)], including marine and aeronautical surveillance radars, which are used for, but are not primarily designed for, weather applications. Phased-array radars with electronically formed and steered beams, including multi-beam, with non-circular off-bore sight patterns, are new and insufficient performance information is available. ISO 19926-1:2019 does not describe weather radar technology and its applications. Weather radar systems can be used for applications such as quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE), the classification of hydrometeors (e.g. hail), the estimation of wind speeds and the detection and surveillance of severe meteorological phenomena (e.g. microburst, tornado). Some of these applications have particular requirements for the positioning of the radar system or need specific measurement strategies. However, the procedures for calibration and maintenance described in this document apply here as well. ISO 19926-1:2019 addresses manufacturers and radar operators.

This document specifies a method for the determination of primary, secondary and tertiary aliphatic and aromatic amines in indoor air using accumulated sampling and high-performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) or high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). It specifies the sampling procedure for determining the mass concentration of amines as mean values by sampling the amines on phosphoric acid impregnated filters. The analytical procedure of the measurement method is covered by ISO 16000-39. Measurements, performed with samplers containing phosphoric acid-impregnated inert supporting material and operating at specified flow rates for specified sampling periods are described in this document. Requirements regarding sample volume are also defined. The range of application of this document concerning the concentrations of amines in indoor air depends on the linear range of the calibration line and hence on the gas sample volume (here: from 5 l up to 100 l), the eluate volume (from 1 ml up to 5 ml), the injection volume (from 1 µl up to 10 µl) and the sensitivity of the analytical equipment (e.g. linear range from 2 pg up to 2 ng amine). The range of application can be expected to be from approximately 0,002 µg/m3 (100 l sample) up to 2 000 µg/m3 (5 l sample) for a common analytical equipment[1] for the majority of the amines listed in Annex A. The analysis of derivatives of ethanolamine is usually about 10 times more sensitive and the analysis of short-chained aliphatic amines is usually about 10 times less sensitive than the analysis of an average amine. Although primarily intended for the measurement of amines listed in Annex A, this document can also be used for the measurement of other amines in indoor air. This document describes procedures for the fabrication and gives requirements for the use of glass tubes containing impregnated filters out of phosphoric acid-impregnated glass wool as samplers, but does not exclude other samplers with proven equal or improved properties. This document also gives procedures for the demonstration of equivalence of other sampler types or methods. This document does not cover the determination of amines in other media like water or soil. Furthermore, it does not cover the determination of isocyanates in indoor air as corresponding amines (covered by ISO 17734-1 and ISO 17734-2). Quaternary amines are also not included in this document. [1] Waters "TQ-D" is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.

This document specifies the measurement methods and strategies for determining the PM2,5 mass concentrations of suspended particulate matter (PM) in indoor air. It can also be used for determining PM10 mass concentration. The reference method principle consists of collecting PM2,5 on a filter after separation of the particles by an impaction head and weighing them by means of a balance. Measurement procedure and main requirements are similar to the conditions specified in EN 12341. This document also specifies procedures for operating appropriate supplementary high time resolution instruments, which can be used to highlight peak emission, room investigation and as part of the quality control of the reference method. Quality assurance, determination of the measurement uncertainty and minimal reporting information are also part of this document. The lower range of application of this document is 2 µg/m3 of PM2,5 (i.e. the limit of detection of the standard measurement method expressed as its uncertainty). This document does not cover the determination of bioaerosols or the chemical characterization of particles. For the measurement and assessment of dust composition, see the relevant technical rules in the International Standards in the ISO 16000 series. This document does not cover passenger compartments of vehicles and public transport systems.

This document specifies a general laboratory test method for evaluating the reduction of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) concentrations by sorptive building materials. This method applies to boards, wallpapers, carpets, paint products, and other building materials. The sorption of those target compounds, i.e. formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds, can be brought about by adsorption, absorption and chemisorption. The method specified in this document employs formaldehyde and other carbonyl compound spiked supply air to determine the performance of building materials in reducing formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds concentrations. This document is based on the test chamber method specified in ISO 16000-9. Sampling, transport and storage of materials to be tested and preparation of test specimens are specified in ISO 16000-11. Air sampling and analytical methods for the determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds are specified in ISO 16000-3, which is part of the complete procedure. This document applies to the determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, benzaldehyde, butyraldehyde, valeraldehyde, 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde, capronaldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, propionaldehyde, o-tolualdehyde, m-tolualdehyde, p-tolualdehyde.

This document specifies a general laboratory test method for evaluating the reduction in concentration of VOCs by sorptive building materials. This method applies to boards, wallpapers, carpets, paint products, and other building materials. The sorption of those target compound(s), i.e. VOCs, can be brought about by adsorption, absorption and chemisorption. The performance of the material, with respect to its ability to reduce the concentration of VOCs in indoor air, is evaluated by measuring area-specific reduction rate and saturation mass per area. The former directly indicates material performance with respect to VOC reduction at a point in time; the latter relates to the ability to maintain that performance. This document is based on the test chamber method specified in ISO 16000-9. NOTE Sampling, transport and storage of materials to be tested, and preparation of test specimens, are described in ISO 16000-11. Air sampling and analytical methods to determine VOCs are described in ISO 16000-6 and ISO 16017-1.

This document specifies the requirements and performance test procedures for monostatic heterodyne continuous-wave (CW) Doppler lidar techniques and presents their advantages and limitations. The term "Doppler lidar" used in this document applies solely to monostatic heterodyne CW lidar systems retrieving wind measurements from the scattering of laser light by aerosols in the atmosphere. Performances and limits are described based on standard atmospheric conditions. This document describes the determination of the line-of-sight wind velocity (radial wind velocity). NOTE Derivation of wind vector from individual line-of-sight measurements is not described in this document since it is highly specific to a particular wind lidar configuration. One example of the retrieval of the wind vector can be found in ISO 28902-2:2017, Annex B. This document does not address the retrieval of the wind vector. This document can be used for the following application areas: — meteorological briefing for e.g. aviation, airport safety, marine applications, oil platforms; — wind power production, e.g. site assessment, power curve determination; — routine measurements of wind profiles at meteorological stations; — air pollution dispersion monitoring; — industrial risk management (direct data monitoring or by assimilation into micro-scale flow models); — exchange processes (greenhouse gas emissions). This document can be used by manufacturers of monostatic CW Doppler wind lidars as well as bodies testing and certifying their conformity. This document also provides recommendations for users to make adequate use of these instruments.

This document specifies performance requirements and test methods for the evaluation of procedures for measuring metals and metalloids in airborne particles sampled onto a suitable collection substrate. This document specifies a method for estimating the uncertainties associated with random and systematic errors and combining them to calculate the expanded uncertainty of the measuring procedure as a whole, as prescribed in ISO 20581. This document is applicable to measuring procedures in which sampling and analysis is carried out in separate stages, but it does not specify performance requirements for collection, transport and storage of samples, since these are addressed in EN 13205-1 and ISO 15767. This document does not apply to procedures for measuring metals or metalloids present as inorganic gases or vapours (e.g. mercury, arsenic) or to procedures for measuring metals and metalloids in compounds that could be present as a particle/vapour mixture (e.g. arsenic trioxide).

This document specifies a method to evaluate the capacity of air purifiers to reduce the concentration of airborne culturable bacteria. The test is applicable to air purifiers commonly used in single room spaces.