ISO - International Organization for Standardization

This document specifies a method for the quantitative analysis of residual quartz (i.e. alpha-quartz) in silica bricks within the mass fraction range of 0,3 % to 5,0 %, by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Bragg-Brentano diffractometer. This document includes details of sample preparation and of preliminary establishment of a working curve using external standards. This document does not address the safety issues associated with its use. The ground silica brick powders and reference materials may cause damage to lungs through prolonged or repeat inhalation during tests. It is responsibility of the users of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices.

This document specifies requirements for a procedure that uses the mechanical action of a hexapod tumbler tester to produce changes in appearance (surface, structure and colour) to all types of textile floor coverings. It does not include pilling or colour changes due to other actions.

This document specifies the requirements and corresponding test methods for moulded forms (e.g. sheets, rods and near net shape bars) made from ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) powder for use in the manufacture of surgical implants. This document is not applicable to moulded forms that were intentionally irradiated, that were made from UHMWPE blended with additives or UHMWPE blended with different forms of polyethylene, and the packaged and sterilized finished implant.

This document specifies a procedure for the determination of the total cadmium mass fraction of coal.

This document specifies a test method for investigating the oxidative stability of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) moulded forms as a function of processing and sterilization method. This document describes a laboratory method for accelerated ageing of specimens taken from UHMWPE moulded forms or forms fabricated from these for use in the manufacture of surgical implants. The specimens are aged at elevated temperature and at elevated oxygen pressure, to accelerate oxidation of the material and thereby allow for the evaluation of its potential long-term chemical and mechanical stability.

This document specifies a method for the measurement of the relative extent of oxidation present in ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) moulded forms or forms fabricated for use in the manufacture of surgical implants.

This document describes the extraction from coal by dilute hydrochloric acid and determination of extractable sodium, potassium, calcium, iron and magnesium.

This document specifies requirements for downhole thermoplastics lined tubing (TLT) used in the oil and gas industries, including configuration, materials, manufacturing, inspection and testing, documentation, marking, packaging, transportation, storage and use. This document is applicable to downhole thermoplastics lined tubing (TLT) used in contact with media related to oil and gas exploration and production (which involves multiphase flow, as well as water injection). This document is suitable for thermoplastics including but not limited to polyethylene (PE), polyethylene of raised temperature resistance (PE-RT), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (PE-UHMW), crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X), polypropylene (PP), unplasticized polyamide (PA-U), polyketone (PK), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) which meet the requirements of relevant design specifications, standards or regulations.

This document specifies the requirements and corresponding test methods for ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) powder moulding materials for use in the manufacturing of moulded forms that are subsequently used in the manufacturing of surgical implants. This document is not applicable to UHMWPE moulding materials that were blended with any additives or different forms of polyethylene.

This document specifies the test method for assessing the morphology of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) moulded forms as defined in ISO 5834-2. The assessment of morphology of UHMWPE moulded forms is not required in routine monitoring of validated moulding process because alternative test methods defined in ISO 5834-2, such as density and mechanical properties, already provide reasonable, redundant assurance of successful consolidation. This document is not applicable to UHMWPE powder forms, which are described in ISO 5834-1. NOTE Performance requirements for this test method have not been established.

This document provides guidance on how four complementary international standards can be used in combination by developers of health ICT systems and infrastructures. These standards, three published by CEN and ISO and one by HL7, are — ISO 13940:2015, — ISO 13606-1:2019, — ISO 13606-3:2019, and — HL7 Fast Health Interoperability Resources (FHIR) Release 4. This document defines mappings between these standards: between ISO 13940 and HL7 FHIR in both directions, between ISO 13606 and HL7 FHIR in both directions, it proposes the content of an HL7 FHIR profile corresponding to the ISO 13606-1:2019 “COMPOSITION” class. It also provides guidance and worked examples of the mapping between ISO 13606-3 Reference Archetypes corresponding to ISO 13940 and HL7 FHIR. This document also summarizes the extent to which the source concept is broader than or narrower than the best fit target concept. It also highlights mapping issues that adopters will need to be mindful of, where the representation capability of the standards differs.

This document specifies a method for the determination in a closed conduit of the volume rate of flow of a regular flow a) of a fluid of substantially constant density or corresponding to a Mach number not exceeding 0,25, b) with substantially uniform stagnation temperature across the measuring cross-section, c) running full in the conduit, and d) under steady flow conditions. In particular, it deals with the technology and maintenance of Pitot static tubes, with the calculation of local velocities from measured differential pressures and with the computation of the flow rate by velocity integration.

This document specifies the Image File Format, an interoperable storage format for a single image, a collection of images, and sequences of images. The format defined in this document is built on tools defined in ISO/IEC 14496-12 and enables the interchange, editing, and display of images, as well as the carriage of metadata associated with those images. The Image File Format defines structures used to contain metadata, how to link that metadata to the images, and defines how metadata of certain forms is carried. This document also specifies brands for the storage of images and image sequences conforming to High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Advanced Video Coding (AVC), JPEG, Versatile Video Coding (VVC) and Essential Video Coding (EVC). NOTE The storage of HEVC, AVC, VVC and EVC video sequences is out of scope and is provided in ISO/IEC 14496-15.

This document specifies categorial structures within the subject field of acupuncture needling (specialized for using filiform needles) by defining a set of domain constraints. This document describes a concept system detailing domain constraints of sanctioned characteristics, each composed of a semantic link and an applicable characterizing category.

This document specifies the minimum image quality values (using IQIs) to ensure a uniform radiographic image quality. This document specifies the minimum IQI values for the two testing classes, A and B, of radiographic techniques as specified in ISO 5579. This document is applicable to the two types of image quality indicators as detailed in ISO 19232-1 for wire-type IQIs and ISO 19232-2 for step/hole-type IQIs, and for the two testing, classes A and B, as specified in ISO 5579.

This document specifies laboratory procedures which are intended to imitate the effects of naturally occurring reactions such as oxidation or hydrolysis by humidity for flexible and rigid cellular polymeric materials.

This document specifies field procedures to be adopted when determining and evaluating the precision (repeatability) of rotating lasers, the uncertainty of measurement results obtained by geodetic instruments and their ancillary equipment, particularly when used in building and surveying measurements for levelling tasks. Primarily, these tests are intended to be field verifications of the suitability of a particular instrument for the immediate task at hand and to satisfy the requirements of other standards. They are not proposed as tests for acceptance or performance evaluations that are more comprehensive in nature. This document can be considered as one of the first steps in the process of evaluating the uncertainty of a measurement (more specifically a measurand). The uncertainty of a result of a measurement is dependent on a number of parameters. Therefore, this document differentiates between various quality measures and testing objectives, including repeatability and reproducibility (between-day repeatability), and provides a thorough assessment of all potential error sources, as specified by ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 and ISO 17123-1. These field procedures have been developed specifically for in situ applications without the need for special ancillary equipment and are purposefully designed to minimize atmospheric influences.

This document specifies the safety requirements of hydrogen gas generation appliances or systems that use electrochemical reactions to electrolyse water to produce hydrogen, herein referred to as hydrogen generators.

This document outlines methodologies for creating and evaluating AACN algorithms, using suitable parameters, to predict the level of injury sustained by road users in a collision. The injury prediction is used to facilitate emergency response after a collision occurs. The methodology is based on onboard vehicle data and occupant-related information and applies to vehicle occupants and vulnerable road users. This document is applicable to road vehicles having provisions for measuring and communicating crash related data. This document provides neither a particular AACN injury level prediction algorithm, nor information on how to use the estimated probability of injury to decide on further suitable actions (rescue, medical, etc.). Data format for sending vehicle information and communication protocol between the vehicle and the public service answering point (PSAP) is outside the scope of this document.

This document is applicable to seamless tubing of circular cross-section made from titanium alloy and intended for use primarily in systems with system operating pressure of 35 MPa (5 080 psi) (Pressure Class J), but usage is not limited to such applications.

This document describes an analytical method for the determination of uranium in samples from pure product materials such as U metal, UO2, UO3, uranyl nitrate hexahydrate, uranium hexafluoride and U3O8 from the nuclear fuel cycle. This procedure is sufficiently accurate and precise to be used for nuclear materials accountability. This method can be used directly for the analysis of most uranium and uranium oxide nuclear reactor fuels, either irradiated or un-irradiated, and of uranium nitrate product solutions. Fission products equivalent to up to 10 % burn-up of heavy atoms do not interfere, and other elements which could cause interference are not normally present in sufficient quantity to affect the result significantly. The method recommends that an aliquot of sample is weighed and that a mass titration is used, in order to obtain improved precision and accuracy. This does not preclude the use of alternative techniques which could give equivalent performance. The use of automatic device(s) in the performance of some critical steps of the method has some advantages, mainly in the case of routine analysis.

This document specifies only geometrical data relating to cavities in which two-port hydraulic slip-in cartridge valves are mounted in order to ensure interchangeability. NOTE For example, this document does not specify rated pressures. It applies to cavities for two-port hydraulic slip-in cartridge valves which are generally applicable to industrial equipment.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the gross calorific value of sludge at constant volume and at the reference temperature 25 °C in a bomb calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified benzoic acid. The result obtained is the gross calorific value of the sample at constant volume with both the water of the combustion products and the moisture of the sludge as liquid water. In practice, sludge is burned at constant (atmospheric) pressure and the water is not condensed but is removed as vapour with the flue gases. Under these conditions, the operative heat of combustion to be used is the net calorific value of the fuel at constant pressure. The net calorific value at constant volume can also be used, equations for the calculation are given only as this requires less additional determinations. This method is applicable to all kinds of sludge.

This document specifies a test method for determination of tensile properties, such as tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and fracture strain of ceramic filaments at elevated temperature in air using the hot grip technique. This document applies to continuous ceramic filaments obtained either from a multifilament bundle or spool. This document does not apply to ceramic filaments with creep behaviour at test temperature. The hot grip technique is limited by the temperature resistance of the current ceramic adhesive.

This document specifies the requirements and test methods for air-powered and electrical-powered scaler handpieces and scaler tips, including piezo and magnetostrictive type ultrasonic scalers, operated as stand-alone items or connected to dental units, for use on patients. This document also contains specifications on manufacturers’ instructions, marking and packaging.

This document describes use cases and activities for updating software in vehicles over the air using mobile cellular network. This document provides a case study on the use of International Standards in preparing software update packages, managing infrastructure and operation within the vehicles. This document includes descriptions of a reference model for software update operations and metadata which can be used during the software update operations.

This document provides an overview of the environmental sustainability aspects (e.g. workload, resource and asset utilization, carbon impact, pollution, waste, transportation, location) of AI systems during their life cycle, and related potential metrics. NOTE 1 This document does not identify opportunities on how AI, AI applications and AI systems can improve environmental, social or economic sustainability outcomes. NOTE 2 This document can help other projects related to AI system environmental sustainability.

This document establishes — the operation categories, — the design categories; — the fire safety objectives, and — the general requirements for fire protection measures. This document applies only to railway vehicles defined in ISO 25711. Freight transportation vehicles are not covered by the ISO 9828 series.

This document provides requirements and recommendations on the development of accessible audiovisual content. It provides requirements and recommendations for a variety of different accessibility components, dealt with in further detail in additional parts of the ISO 20071 series, that meet different user accessibility needs. It also provides guidance related to translations, localizations, timing, importance and other general aspects of the creation of these accessibility components. This document does not apply to the presentation devices or transmission mechanisms used to deliver audiovisual content. These devices could include, but are not limited to, televisions, computers, wireless devices, projection equipment, DVD and home cinema equipment, video game consoles, or any similar devices which use displays for visual presentation and other forms of user interface technology. This document does not apply to transcoding files and formats for the various audiovideo outputs. This document helps to improve accessibility. This document does not establish requirements for specific industries (e.g. television broadcasting, motion pictures) nor is it intended to supersede specific international standards within their domain.

This document: — provides method(s) for identifying, in Open-edi modelling technologies and development of scenarios, the additional requirements in business operational view (BOV) specifications for identifying the additional external constraints to be applied to recorded information in business transactions relating to personal information of an individual, as required by legal and regulatory requirements of applicable jurisdictional domains; — integrates existing normative elements in support of privacy and data protection requirements as are already identified in ISO/IEC 14662 and ISO/IEC 15944-1, ISO/IEC 15944-2, ISO/IEC 15944-4, ISO/IEC 15944-5, ISO/IEC 15944-8, ISO/IEC 15944-9 and ISO/IEC 15944-10; — provides overarching, operational ‘best practice’ statements for associated (and not necessarily automated) processes, procedures, practices and governance requirements that act in support of implementing and enforcing technical mechanisms which support the privacy/data protection requirements necessary for implementation in Open-edi transaction environments; — focuses on the life cycle management of personal information, i.e. the contents of SPIs (and their SRIs) related to the business transaction interchanged via EDI as Information Bundles (IBs) and their associated Semantic Components (SCs) among the parties to a business transaction. NOTE Privacy protection requirements (PPR) on information life cycle management (ILCM) and EDI of personal information as stated in this document primarily via enumerated rules which serve as a minimum set of ILCM policy and operational requirements for all recorded information pertaining to a business transaction in particular, as well as ILCM implementation in any organization in general. This document does not specify the technical mechanisms, i.e. functional support services (FSV) which are required to support BOV-identified requirements. Detailed exclusions to the scope of this document are provided in Annex H.

This document specifies a large-scale fire test method for measuring the heat release rate (HRR) and the smoke-production rate (SPR) of wall systems. The fire scenario covered in this document is representative of severe fires originating in near wall or corner locations of an exterior or interior wall construction. A severe fire scenario is defined that imparts a heat flux on the order of 100 kW/m2 to the wall systems. These include exterior fire scenarios such as dumpster, balcony storage fires, and vehicle fires originating outside buildings. Fires caused by combustible storage inside unsprinklered or inadequately sprinklered occupancies, such as warehouse and manufacturing occupancies, represent a few examples of severe interior fires. This document measures the HRR and SPR in accordance with ISO 24473. This document also provides guidelines for heat release and smoke production performance limits, developed and used for risk evaluation by the insurance industry. The test method is not applicable to scenarios where a fire initiates within an air cavity, if present, of an exterior wall system. The test method does not incorporate a window structure and is therefore not applicable to fire spread hazards resulting from inadequately protected window openings in a post-flashover fire scenario.

This document specifies the requirements for wire or textile reinforced hoses and hose assemblies suitable for dispensing hydrogen up to 70 MPa nominal working pressure, in the operating temperature range of −40 °C to 65 °C. This document specifies safety requirements for material, design, manufacture and testing of gaseous hydrogen hose and hose assemblies for hydrogen fuelling stations. This document does not apply to the following hoses and hose assemblies: a) those used as part of a vehicle high pressure on-board fuel storage system; b) those used as part of a vehicle low pressure fuel delivery system; and c) flexible metal hoses. NOTE 1 This document was developed primarily for hoses and hose assemblies for dispensing high-pressure hydrogen from refuelling dispensers to hydrogen vehicles. ISO 16964 addresses hoses used to deliver hydrogen from a transportable vessel (e.g. trailer) into a buffer storage of a station. NOTE 2 Hose assemblies include a hose with connectors on each end (see Figure 1). Each connector has two basic functional elements that are addressed as described below. a) Coupling to hose. This function is defined by requirements and verified (along with the hose itself) by performance-based tests in this document. b) Fitting for transition and connection to the piping system or equipment. This function is addressed by reference to appropriate hydrogen equipment standards and piping codes.

This document provides principles and framework for use of recycled aggregates for concrete, which are produced from used resources primarily in the form of waste concrete. This document is intended to accelerate the use of recycled aggregates produced from construction and demolition wastes such as waste concrete and demolished masonry units. This document complements ISO 19595, natural aggregates for concrete, which does not include the minimum requirements for the recycled aggregates for concrete.

This document defines terms for fire safety regarding the railway system.

This document specifies the minimum functional requirements of digital safe software in order to ensure the integrity, confidentiality and availability of the digital objects it stores. This document does not address system environments for the operation of the digital safe, such as physical security (fire extinguishing systems, armoured doors, presence detectors, etc.), power supply security (generators and transformers) or telecommunication lines.

This document specifies requirements for ten classes, four grades and seven types of wire- or textile-reinforced hydraulic hoses and hose assemblies, of nominal sizes ranging from 5 to 102. Each class has a single maximum working pressure for all sizes. They are suitable for use with: — oil-based hydraulic fluids HH, HL, HM, HR and HV, as defined in ISO 6743-4, at temperatures ranging from −40 °C to +100 °C for types AS, AC, BS and BC hoses and from −40 °C to +120 °C for types CS, CC and DC hoses; — water-based fluids HFC, HFAE, HFAS and HFB, as defined in ISO 6743-4, at temperatures ranging from −40 °C to +70 °C; — water at temperatures ranging from 0 °C to +70 °C. This document does not specify requirements for the connection ends. It is limited to the performance of hoses and hose assemblies. The hose assembly maximum working pressure is governed by the lowest maximum working pressure of the components. NOTE It is the responsibility of the user, in consultation with the hose manufacturer, to establish the compatibility of the hose with the fluid to be used.

This document specifies physical and chemical requirements and test methods for oral rinses. It also specifies requirements on the accompanying information to be given in the manufacturer's instructions for use and on containers as well as the requirements for packaging. Common labelling aspects are specified in order to enhance international understanding and trade. This document is not applicable to other delivery systems (e.g. mouth sprays, foams, powders). It is not intended to describe regulatory aspects, e.g. methods of prescription. This document is not applicable to oral rinses available by prescription only.

This document specifies a method of determining the water content of rocks. This document is applicable to the laboratory determination of the water content of a rock test specimen by oven-drying within the scope of geotechnical investigations. The oven-drying method is the definitive procedure used in usual laboratory practice. The practical procedure for determining the water content of a rock is to determine the mass loss on drying the test specimen to a constant mass in a drying oven controlled at a given temperature. The mass loss is assumed to be due to free water and is referenced to the remaining dry mass of the test specimen. NOTE This document fulfils the requirements of the determination of water content of rock for geotechnical investigation and testing according to EN 1997-2.

This document specifies the method for non-destructive thickness measurement via the magnetic type of electrodeposited nickel coatings, also called “e-nickel”, on magnetic or non-magnetic substrates. It is possible that the method is not applicable to autocatalytic (electroless) nickel coatings, since these coatings are often non-magnetic due to their chemical composition. For the purposes of this document, two types of substrates are distinguished: a) nickel coatings on magnetic substrates (type A coatings); b) nickel coatings on non-magnetic substrates (type B coatings). Not all instruments are applicable to both types of coating. The effective measuring ranges of instruments using the principle of magnetic attraction are up to 50 µm for type A coatings and up to 25 µm for type B coatings. For instruments using the principle of reluctance, the effective ranges are much greater, up to 1 mm or even more. This method is applicable to both types of coatings.

The network-based media processing (NBMP) framework defines the interfaces including both data formats and application programming interfaces (APIs) among the entities connected through digital networks for media processing. Users can access and configure their operations remotely for efficient, intelligent processing. This document describes and manages workflows to be applied to the media data. This process includes uploading of media data to the network, instantiation of the media processing tasks, and configuration of the tasks. The framework enables dynamic creation of media processing pipelines, as well as access to processed media data and metadata in real-time or in a deferred way. The media and metadata formats used between the media source, workflow manager and media processing entities in a media processing pipeline are also specified.

This document specifies a reference architecture for event-based syndromic surveillance systems for infectious diseases. The system reference architecture addresses architectural components including concepts, data sources, and outputs of syndromic surveillance system. From the perspective of the diagnostic process,[ REF Reference_ref_11 \r \h 11 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000110000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F00310031000000 ] this document covers the processes from the symptom-onset stage to the health-behaviour stage, which is prior to the healthcare-encounter stage. Non-infectious health hazards, such as natural disasters, human-induced emergencies and chronic diseases, and their associated surveillance systems are beyond the scope of this document.

This document specifies particular test methods for the verification of requirements of ISO 19932-1:2025 for knapsack sprayers carried on the back or shoulder of the operator for use with plant protection products. It is applicable to lever-operated knapsack sprayers, knapsack compression sprayers and knapsack sprayers driven by an engine or electric motor using hydraulic pressure atomization of the spray liquid intended to be used primarily in agriculture, forestry and horticulture with a nominal volume of more than 6,0 l. It does not apply to knapsack combustion engine-driven air-blast sprayers covered by ISO 28139:2019+2019A1:2024. This document is intended to be applied in conjunction with ISO 19932-1:2025.

This document specifies a reduced molybdophosphate photometric method for the determination of the total phosphorus mass fraction of hard coal, lignites and coke. Two methods for taking the phosphorus into solution are specified, namely extraction from the coal or coke ash with acid or by repeated oxidation of the coal or coke, by acid, to remove carbonaceous matter.

This document defines the syntax and semantics of a file format for the 3D visualization and interrogation of lightweight geometry and product manufacturing information derived from CAD systems, using visualization software tools that do not need the full capability of a CAD system. This document has been adopted as a 3D visualization capability in addition to the ISO 10303 series. The ISO 10303 series are the ISO standards adopted for the engineering data exchange, sharing and long-term archiving of product definition information throughout the product lifecycle. In this document 3D visualization is defined as the visual presentation on a screen or another media of graphical and textual 3 dimensional representations of a set of data representing an object, information or results of a computational process in order to enable decision process by a human looking at the data visualized in a medium. The file format supports the following information: — facet information (triangles), stored with geometry compression techniques; — visual attributes such as lights, textures and materials; — product manufacturing information, such as dimensions, tolerances and other attributes; — boundary representation (b-rep) solid model shape representations. Several alternatives are available, including a representation based on the geometry standard defined in ISO 10303; — configuration representations; — delivery methods such as asynchronous streaming of content. The document does not specify the implementation of, or definition of a run-time architecture for viewing or processing of the file format.

This document provides an overview of the operation of a computed tomography (CT) system. This document specifies steps for interpretation of CT results with the aim of providing the operator with technical information to enable selection of suitable parameters. This document is applicable to industrial imaging (i.e. non-medical applications) and specifies a consistent set of definitions of CT performance parameters, including how these performance parameters relate to CT system specifications. This document is applicable to computed axial tomography. This document does not apply to other types of tomography such as translational tomography and tomosynthesis.

This document specifies the minimum information to be provided to the user by the manufacturers of microscopes with digital displays regarding imaging performance. It further specifies terms and definitions for describing the optical performance of the digital imaging path of microscopy systems including the observation of the image on digital displays. This standard does not apply to confocal microscopes. NOTE Terms and definitions for the direct visual observation with eyepieces are specified in ISO 8039 and ISO 10934.

This document presents the main differences between the standards for working towers made of prefabricated elements in some regions and countries. It provides an analysis of different aspects, including product title, material performance, grade division, dimension requirements, product structure and design, test methods and fall prevention measures. This document gives guidance for the discussion of relevant technologies of working towers made of fibre-reinforced plastics, and also prepares for further development of applicable global technical standards for working towers.

This document specifies a method for assessing the wind-opposed burning behaviour and spread of flame of horizontally mounted floorings exposed to a heat flux radiant gradient in a test chamber, when ignited with pilot flames. Annex A gives details of assessing the smoke development, when required. This method is applicable to all types of flooring, e.g. textile carpet, cork, wood, rubber and plastics coverings as well as coatings. Results obtained by this method reflect the reaction to fire performance of the flooring, including any substrate if used. Modifications of the backing, bonding to a substrate, underlay or other changes of the flooring can affect test results. It cannot be used alone to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of floorings under actual fire conditions. Information on the precision of the test method is given in Annex B.

This document specifies a method using Eschka's mixture during ashing, extraction of the ash residue with acid, and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry or hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry, for the determination of arsenic and selenium in solid mineral fuels. The method is also applicable for the determination of the analytes by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.

This document specifies the safety and environmental requirements and their means of verification for the design and construction of knapsack sprayers carried on the back or shoulder of the operator for use with plant protection products. It also specifies the type of information on safe working practices (including residual risks) to be provided by the manufacturer. This document is applicable to lever-operated knapsack sprayers, knapsack compression sprayers and knapsack sprayers driven by an engine or electric motor using hydraulic pressure atomisation of the spray liquid intended to be used primarily in agriculture, forestry and horticulture with a nominal volume of more than 6,0 l. This document is not applicable to knapsack sprayers which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document. It does not apply to knapsack combustion engine-driven air-blast sprayers according to ISO 28139: 2019+A1:2024. This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events relevant to knapsack sprayers when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A), excepting the hazards arising from: — static electricity; — explosion or fire from chemicals for spraying; and — insufficient structural integrity. Noise is not considered to be a relevant hazard for: — lever operated knapsack sprayers; — electric motor driven knapsack sprayers. This document does not cover electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements. This document is intended to be applied in conjunction with ISO 19932-2:2025.