ISO - International Organization for Standardization

This document specifies a procedure for determining whether a perceptible sensory difference or similarity exists between samples of two products. The method is a forced-choice procedure. The method is applicable whether a difference exists in a single sensory attribute or in several attributes. The method is statistically less efficient than the triangle test (described in ISO 4120) but is easier to perform by the assessors. The method is applicable even when the nature of the difference is unknown (i.e. it determines neither the size nor the direction of difference between samples, nor is there any indication of the attribute(s) responsible for the difference). The method is applicable only if the products are fairly homogeneous. The method is effective for: determining that either: a perceptible difference results (duo-trio testing for difference); or a meaningful perceptible difference does not result (duo-trio testing for similarity) when, for example, a change is made in ingredients, processing, packaging, handling or storage; selecting, training and monitoring assessors. Two forms of the method are described: the constant-reference technique, used when one product is familiar to the assessors (e.g. a sample from regular production); the balanced-reference technique, used when one product is not more familiar than the other.

This document specifies a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of marker residues of nicarbazin (4,4-dinitrocarbanilide) in chicken tissue and eggs. This document is applicable to the determination of marker residues of nicarbazin (4,4-dinitrocarbanilide) in chicken tissue (including muscle, liver and kidney) and eggs.

This document specifies a test method for estimating the magnitude of radiosonde temperature sensor warming, induced by direct solar radiation, based on variations in air pressure, temperature, ventilation speed, tilt angle of its supporting sensor boom, and light illumination angle on the boom through a laboratory evaluation. This document provides the following: technical requirements for a laboratory setup to measure the effect of direct solar radiation on radiosonde temperature measurement under simulated sounding conditions; a test procedure for estimating radiosonde temperature measurement errors due to direct solar radiation in the air pressure range of 3 hPa to 1 000 hPa, temperature range1) of −70 °C to 50 °C, ventilation speed range of 3 m∙s−1 to 7 m∙s−1 at a specified irradiance (e.g. 1 000 or higher), sensor boom tilt range2) from 0° to 45° with respect to the air ventilation direction and the range of light illumination3) angle from 0° to 90° with respect to the sensor boom plane; a method to evaluate uncertainty in the results under the test conditions.

This document specifies, with reference to ISO 230-1 and ISO 230-2, geometric tests and tests for checking the accuracy and repeatability of positioning of numerically controlled axes for general purpose, normal accuracy, bridge-type milling machines with a fixed bridge (portal type). This document also specifies the applicable tolerances corresponding to the above-mentioned tests. This document is applicable to machines with moving tables and fixed double columns. It does not include single-column (open sided) machines and those with fixed tables and moving columns. This document deals only with the verification of the accuracy of the machine. It does not apply to the testing of the machine operation (vibration, abnormal noise, stick-slip motion of components, etc.) nor to machine characteristics (such as speeds, feeds, etc.), which are generally checked before testing the accuracy. This document provides the terminology used for the principal components of the machine and the designation of the axes with reference to ISO 841.

This document specifies the determination of fluoroquinolone residue content in meat, fish and their products by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method. This document is applicable to the determination of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin residues in meat, fish and their products, including livestock and poultry.

This document applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of MEDICAL BEDS as defined in 201.3.214, intended for ADULTS as defined in 201.3.222. Included in the scope are both electrical and non-electrical (manual) MEDICAL BEDS with or without adjustable functions. This document is applicable to either a BED-LIFT or a detachable MATTRESS SUPPORT PLATFORM or both. The combination of BED-LIFT or a detachable MATTRESS SUPPORT PLATFORM with a compatible non-MEDICAL BED as specified by the MANUFACTURER is also considered a MEDICAL BED. This document does not apply to: - MEDICAL BEDS for CHILDREN and ADULTS with atypical anatomies (ADULTS ranging outside the definition for ADULTS in 202.3.222) covered by IEC 80601-2-89; - SPECIALITY MATTRESS covered by ISO 20342 series; - devices for which the INTENDED USE is mainly for examination or transportation under medical supervision (e.g. stretcher, examination table); - all requirements for MEDICAL BEDS with special functionality. If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to a MEDICAL BED only, or to ME SYSTEMS only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to MEDICAL BED and to ME SYSTEMS, as relevant. HAZARDS inherent in the intended physiological function of MEDICAL BED or ME SYSTEMS within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in 7.2.13 and 8.4.1 of IEC 60601-1:2005, IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD1:2012 and IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD2:2020.

This document specifies methods for the enumeration of thermoresistant spores of thermophilic bacteria in heat-processed milk and dried milk products by using a colony-count technique at 55 °C after heating the sample at 106 °C or 100 °C. The applicability of this document is limited to heat-processed milk including pasteurized, ultra-high temperature (UHT) processed and sterilized milk; as well as dried whole milk, skim milk, buttermilk and whey products.

This document describes a digital twin system for monitoring and managing the robotic multilayer and multipass gas-shielded metal arc welding process.

This document specifies requirements for classification of covered electrodes and deposited metal in the as-welded condition and in the post-weld heat-treated condition for manual metal arc welding of high-strength steels with a minimum yield strength greater than 500 MPa or a minimum tensile strength greater than 570 MPa. This document is a combined specification providing a classification utilizing a system based on the yield strength and an average impact energy of 47 J of the all-weld metal, or utilizing a system based on the tensile strength and an average impact energy of 27 J of the all-weld metal. Clauses, subclauses and tables which carry the suffix “System A” are applicable only to covered electrodes classified under the system based on the yield strength and an average impact energy of 47 J of the all-weld metal given in this document. Clauses, subclauses and tables which carry the suffix “System B” are applicable only to covered electrodes classified under the system based on the tensile strength and an average impact energy of 27 J of the all-weld metal given in this document. Subclauses and tables which do not have either the suffix “System A” or the suffix “System B” are applicable to all covered electrodes classified under this document.

This document specifies a method for the measurement of ease of ignition of vertically oriented textile fabrics and industrial products in the form of single or multi-component textile fabrics (coated, quilted, multilayered, sandwich constructions, and similar combinations), when subjected to a small, defined flame.

This document defines the terms used in acoustic emission testing and forms a common basis for standards and general use.

This document specifies the definitions of Zhacai (pickled and squeezed vegetables) and its requirements, including sensory, physical and chemical, contaminants, microorganisms, packaging, labelling, storage and transport. It also describes the corresponding test methods. This document is only applicable to Zhacai.

This document establishes a model-free approach for the isoconversional kinetic analysis of chemical reactions and phase transitions. The isoconversional principle is based on the assumption that the reaction rate at a given conversion depends solely on the temperature, i.e. is independent on the scan rate. This document establishes a method for the determination of the activation energy as a function of the conversion of the reaction or transition. The method is applicable to dynamic and isothermal temperature program measurements done by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) or thermogravimetry (TG). It can be applicable to other measurement techniques, too, that enable the determination of conversion curves. The method is applicable to the prediction of the kinetic behaviour of reactions and transitions even in temperature regions that are not experimentally accessible. The method is not applicable in the glassy state of polymers.

This document defines terms relating to sustainable development in communities, smart community infrastructure and related subjects.

This document specifies a method for the measurement of flame spread times of vertically oriented textile fabrics and industrial products in the form of single or multi-component textile fabrics (coated, quilted, multilayered, sandwich combinations, and similar combinations) when subjected to a small, defined flame.

The purpose of this document is to establish the machine-readable (linear, two-dimensional, and composite symbols) and human-readable content for direct marking and labelling of items, parts, and components. This document provides a means for items, parts and components to be marked, and read in either fixtured or hand-held scanning environments at any manufacturer’s facility and then read by customers purchasing items for subsequent manufacturing operations or for final end use. Intended applications include, but are not limited to, supply chain applications, e.g. inventory, distribution, manufacturing, quality control, acquisition, transportation, supply, repair and disposal.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the brittle crack arrest temperature (CAT). This document is applicable to either ferritic or bainitic, or both steel base metals with a body-centred cubic (BCC) crystal lattice structure that exhibit ductile to brittle transition behaviour. The applicable materials are rolled steel plates. This document is intended for steels with a tensile strength of 950 MPa or less and a thickness greater than 6 mm but not exceeding 200 mm. The range of arrest temperatures is between − 196 °C and + 100 °C. This document also specifies the requirements for test method and test procedures when using the isothermal crack arrest test to judge valid test results under isothermal conditions and in order to determine the crack arrest temperature.

This document specifies the requirements for pimento or allspice [Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr.], whole or ground. Recommendations relating to storage and transport conditions are given in Annex A.

This document specifies certain characteristics of the essential oil of rockrose labdanum (Cistus ladanifer L.), with a view to facilitating the assessment of its quality.

This document provides the logical data structure of a mobile Vehicle Certificate (mVC) in conformity with ISO/IEC TS 23220-2 that serves as a confirmation of vehicle register data and confirmation of conformity with issuance requirements. Other documents related to vehicle administration, such as a document that proves ownership of a vehicle and is designed to be used for ownership transfer, are out of scope of this document.

This document: specifies the minimum requirements for the design of labels containing a linear bar code and two dimensional (2D) symbols on product packages to convey data between trading partners; provides guidance for the formatting on the label of data presented in a linear bar code, 2D symbols or human-readable form; provides specific recommendations regarding the choice of linear bar code and 2D symbologies, and specifies quality requirements and classes of bar code density; provides specific recommendations regarding both linear and 2D symbologies, which allow a broad choice for general use of scanning hardware (e.g. area imagers, linear imagers, single line laser scanners, and raster laser scanners); makes recommendations as to label placement, size and the inclusion of free text and any appropriate graphics. This document supports item identification and supply chain processes, at the product package level, such as inventory control, picking, and point of use. NOTE 1 ISO 15394[2] supports the distribution and transportation business processes, so aiding the tracing and tracking of unique shipments. NOTE 2 ISO 28219 addresses the direct part marking. The purpose of this document is to establish the machine readable (e.g. bar code) and human-readable data content of labels applied to product packages. Intended applications include, but are not limited to, inventory, warehouse management, maintenance and point of purchase. While guidance is provided, specific label dimensions or marking areas and the location of the information are not defined in this document. Before implementing this specification, suppliers and manufacturers are advised to review and mutually agree on these details with their trading partners. This document does not supersede or replace any applicable safety or regulatory marking or labelling requirements. It is intended to satisfy the product package requirements of numerous applications and industry groups. As such, it is applicable to a wide range of industries, each of which has specific implementation guidelines. This document is also applicable to any other labelling requirements.

This document specifies requirements and guidelines for assessing the chemical airborne cleanliness of equipment and materials which are foreseen to be used in cleanrooms and associated controlled environments that are linked to the ISO standard for air cleanliness by chemical concentration (see ISO 14644-8). This document does not apply to the following: health and safety requirements; compatibility with cleaning agents and techniques; cleanability; biocontamination; specific requirements of equipment and materials for processes and products; design details of equipment.

This document provides guidance on the design and conduct of clinical studies to determine the performance characteristics of new intrauterine devices. It also provides advice on the analysis of data when the study is completed, as well as interpretation of these results by manufacturers, researchers and regulatory bodies. Certain clinical trial concerns are not addressed in this document, including participant compensation, confidentiality of participants and their records, use of local ethics committees, etc. These and many other clinical trial design issues are covered in great detail in ISO 14155.

This document provides organizations seeking or providing finance with principles and general requirements for financing ex-ante investment in risk reduction, including disaster preparedness, in cities and communities (hereinafter the financing is referred to as “ex-ante DRR finance”). This document also provides principles and general requirements for the ex-ante DRR finance related to projects, assets and activities. This document contains requirements that can be used to assess conformity of projects, assets or activities, and organization’s ability, to this document. This document is intended to be used by all types and sizes of organizations in cities and communities. NOTE The ex-ante DRR finance under this document is debt instruments. It does not include insurance or risk transfer instruments. This document can also be utilized with insurance or risk transfer instruments, equity instruments, grants, or any other financial instruments.

This document establishes governing principles and guidelines for plain science writing. It builds upon the foundation for plain language established in ISO 24495-1. It is organized according to the four principles presented in ISO 24495-1. This document focuses on science writing: writing about scientific subjects that is intended for readers with varying education levels, backgrounds and interests. These readers can range from young students to decision-makers in industry and government. This document does not explicitly address scientific writing. Such writing is found in scientific journal articles or academic documents, where experts write for others in their fields of specialization. However, it is possible that other experts do not work in precisely the same field as the author and prefer reading documents that follow plain language guidance. The principles found in this guidance and in ISO 24495-1 can help any author who seeks to create a plain language document. This document applies to printed or digital information that is primarily in the form of text and images. This document applies to most written languages.

This document specifies requirements to the safe handling and the physical, chemical and biological testing of plastic containers for parenterals. This document is applicable to plastic containers for parenterals having one or more chambers and having a total nominal capacity in the range of 50 ml to 5 000 ml such as film bags or blow-moulded plastic bottles for direct administration of infusion (injection) solutions. NOTE 1 In some countries, national or regional pharmacopoeias or other government regulations are legally binding, and these requirements take precedence over this document. NOTE 2 Annex E provides explanations about the history of the development of the standard and summarises the different arguments discussed within ISO/TC 76 during the elaboration of the document. NOTE 3 Annex F provides recommendations regarding sustainability. NOTE 4 Annex G provides information on attributive and variable testing.

This document specifies the general requirements, content and writing requirements for the prescription of decoction pieces. It notably regulates the qualification of prescription writing, the prescription of precious medicines, the prescription of toxic and anaesthetic medicines, and institution-based prescriptions. This document applies to prescription writing, dispensing and storage.

This document specifies dimensions, shape, mass and tolerances of metric series hot-rolled steel bars. This document is applicable to: hot-rolled round bars with diameter of 5,5 mm up to 400 mm; hot-rolled square bars with side length of 5,5 mm up to 300 mm; hot-rolled flat bars with thickness of 3 mm up to 60 mm and width of 10 mm up to 200 mm; hot-rolled hexagonal bars with distance across opposite flats of 8 mm up to 70 mm; hot-rolled octagonal bars with distance across opposite flats of 16 mm up to 40 mm. NOTE Wide flats can be covered under flat bars for practical reasons.

This document specifies the minimum requirements and test methods for Ziziphus jujuba fruit. This document is applicable to Ziziphus jujuba fruit that is sold and used as herbal raw materials in the international trade, including Chinese materia medica (whole medicinal materials) and decoction pieces derived from these plants.

This document specifies a test method to determine parameters of bolt tightening procedures for pretensioned bolted connections to be used in structural steelwork. The methods to establish bolt tightening procedures given in this document are applicable to pretensioned bolted connections for which no approved tightening parameters exist in national or international standards. For example, in cases where bolting assemblies have to be tightened by turning the head instead of the nut, when conditions deviate from a given harmonized standard for pretensioning of bolting assemblies, or when stainless steel bolting assemblies are to be pretensioned. In these cases, tightening parameters as well as tightening procedures can be determined with the use of the Bolt Tightening Qualification Procedure (BTQP) given in this document.

This document specifies the technical requirements and guidelines for seafloor mapping with uncrewed marine vehicles, including uncrewed surface vehicles (USVs) and uncrewed underwater vehicles (UUVs). This document covers navigation and positioning, uncrewed vehicle assembly, survey parameter setting, single-beam and multi-beam echo sounding, and data processing. This document is applicable to uncrewed marine vehicles in estuaries, offshore and open sea areas.

This document defines a set of colour image encodings for use in storage, transmission, and display of high dynamic range and wide colour gamut (HDR/WCG) digital still images. It defines the colour encodings, the mandatory and optional metadata, and the reference viewing conditions for HDR/WCG images.

This document specifies the calibration and adjustment of the metrological characteristics of contact (stylus) instruments for the measurement of surface texture by the profile method as defined in ISO 25178-601. The calibration and adjustment specified within this document is intended to be carried out with the aid of measurement standards. NOTE Annex B specifies the calibration and adjustment of metrological characteristics of simplified operator contact (stylus) instruments which do not conform with ISO 25178-601.

This document specifies a method to evaluate, by means of impactors described in ISO 29584:2015, safe breakage characteristics of vacuum insulating glass (VIG) products intended to reduce cutting and piercing injuries to persons through accidental impact. This document does not specify the intended use of the products, but provides a method of classification in terms of the performance of the products being tested. The impact energy used for the various levels of classification are designed to provide the intended user or the legislator with the information to assist in defining the level of safety and protection required relative to the intended location at which the selected safety glass is to be used. The products to which this document is applicable are: VIG without further processing (Group 2); VIG processed into a laminated glass (Group 1); VIG backed with an adhesive (safety) film (Group 1). Insulating glass units incorporating VIG are excluded from this document.

This document gives guidelines for the assessment of thermal stress inside vehicles used for land, sea and air operation. It offers information about the assessment of hot, cold as well as moderate thermal environments by referring to different methods and specifying the constraints and necessary adjustments for the special case of vehicle climate assessment.

This document specifies requirements and provides recommendations for repetitive work tasks involving repetitive movements and exertions of the upper extremity. It provides guidance on the identification and assessment of risk factors commonly associated with repetitive movements and exertions of the upper limbs, thereby allowing evaluation of the related health risks to the working population. The recommendations apply to the adult working population and are intended to give reasonable protection for nearly all healthy adults. This document does not address the manual handling of objects while using lift-assistive devices such as exoskeletons and does not address the needs of pregnant women or persons with disabilities.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the puncture resistance by measuring the force required to push a flat-ended plunger through geosynthetics. The test is normally carried out on dry specimens conditioned in the specified atmosphere. The test is applicable to most types of geosynthetic products, but does not apply to products with apertures greater than 10 mm.

This document specifies a method for the determination of selected polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE) (see Figure 1 and Table 1) in sediment, suspended particulate matter and biota using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or with high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) in the electron impact (EI), negative ion chemical ionization (NCI) or atmospheric pressure ionization (APCI) mode. The method is applicable to sediment and suspended particulate matter samples with limits of quantification of 0,2 µg/kg dry mass (dm) for brominated diphenylether (BDE) BDE-28 to BDE-183, of 2 µg/kg dry mass (dm) for BDE‑209. The method is applicable as well with lower limits of quantification (LOQ), if specific clean-up methods, described in Clause 10, Table 3, method 1 and method 2 in combination with measurement methods GC-MS/MS or GC-HRMS after electron impact ionization (El) or negative ion chemical ionization (NCI) for BDE-209 are used. Depending on the analytical capability of the instrument, limits of quantification down to 0,003 µg/kg dm for BDE-28 to BDE-154 and 0,02 µg/kg dm for BDE-183 and 1 µg/kg dm for BDE-209 and lower are possible. The method is applicable to biota samples with limits of quantification down to 0,000 2 µg/kg fresh mass (fm) (BDE-28 to BDE-154) and 0,03 μg/kg fresh mass (fm) (BDE-183), if specific clean-up methods, described in Table 4 in combination with measurement methods GC-MS/MS or GC-HRMS after electron impact ionization (El) are used. Performance data are listed in Annex E.

This document specifies testing methods for alternative current (AC) influenced corrosion of conducting alloys. The methods are applicable for testing the corrosion rate of specific conducting metals and alloys for high-voltage AC electric power transmission systems exposed to atmosphere. This document introduces corrosion testing methods for comparative study of corrosion rate of conducting materials such as aluminium, copper and their alloys.

This document specifies the requirements for seal-less rotodynamic pumps that are driven with permanent magnet coupling (magnet drive pumps) or with canned motor, and which are mainly used in chemical processes, water treatment and petrochemical industries. Their use can be dictated by space, noise, environment or safety regulations. Seal-less pumps are pumps where an inner rotor is completely contained in a pressure vessel holding the pumped fluid. The pressure vessel or primary containment device is sealed by static seals such as gaskets or O-rings. Pumps normally conform to recognized standard specifications (e.g. ISO 5199, explosion protection, electromagnetic compatibility), except where special requirements are specified herein. This document includes design features concerned with installation, maintenance and operational safety of the pumps, and defines those items to be agreed upon between the purchaser and manufacturer/supplier. Where conformity to this document has been requested and calls for a specific design feature, alternative designs can be offered providing that they satisfy the intent of this document and they are described in detail. Pumps which do not conform with all requirements of this document can also be offered providing that the deviations are fully identified and described. Whenever documents include contradictory requirements, they are applied in the following sequence of priority: purchase order (or inquiry, if no order placed), see Annexes C and D; data sheet (see Annex A) or technical sheet or specification; this document; other standards.

This document specifies the characteristics of hexalobular socket set screws with metric coarse pitch threads M3 to M30 for steel and M3 to M24 for stainless steel and with product grade A. Set screws are not intended for use under tensile load. If in certain cases other specifications are requested, hardness classes and stainless steel grades can be selected from ISO 898-5 or ISO 3506-3, and dimensional options from ISO 888, ISO 965-1 or ISO 4753.

This document specifies technical characteristics and strength requirements for fork arm extensions and telescopic fork arms (as defined in ISO 5053-2) for industrial trucks (as defined in ISO 5053-1). It applies to fork arm extensions and telescopic fork arms that are designed for use on industrial trucks that have fork arm carriers and, in the case of fork arm extensions, fork arms that conform to ISO 2330. This document does not apply to integral transverse telescopic fork devices or scissor-action reach devices.

This document specifies: protocols and commands; other parameters required to initialize communications between a vicinity integrated circuit card and a vicinity coupling device; methods to detect and communicate with one card among several cards ("anticollision"); optional means to ease and speed up the selection of one among several cards based on application criteria. This document does not preclude the addition of other existing card standards on the vicinity integrated circuit card (VICC), such as ISO/IEC 7816-6 or others listed in this document.

This document specifies the tests for verifying the stability of rough-terrain counterbalanced trucks with mast, equipped with fork arms or with load handling attachments with a rated load up to and including 10 000 kg. It is not applicable to trucks designed for handling freight containers, which are dealt with by ISO 22915-9. It is not applicable to rough-terrain variable-reach trucks when fitted with a vertical mast attachment.

This document specifies the apparatus and test procedure to be used when conducting accelerated corrosion tests for the comparative quality evaluation of metallic materials with or without permanent corrosion protection or temporary corrosion protection in salt-contaminated outdoor environments. The test involves cyclic exposure of the specimens to neutral salt mist, “dry” and “wet” conditions. The type of test specimen and the exposure period are not specified. The particular advantages of this test over common accelerated tests such as the neutral salt spray (NSS) test lie in its ability to better reproduce the corrosion that occurs in outdoor salt-contaminated environments. This document is applicable to: metals and their alloys; metallic coatings (anodic and cathodic); conversion coatings; anodic oxide coatings; organic coatings on metallic materials. NOTE Methods of test for coatings to determine their resistance, in the presence of scribe marks through to the substrate, to various cyclic corrosion conditions which include the condensation of water on the test specimens during periods of humidity are given in ISO 11997-1.

This document specifies a test method for evaluating the antimicrobial (either antibacterial or antifungal, or both) activity of footwear and footwear components. This document is applicable to all types of footwear and footwear components employing diffusing antimicrobial treatments.

This document specifies requirements for white pepper (Piper nigrum L.) (see ISO 676), whole or ground, at the following commercial stages: semi-processed white pepper (SP); processed white pepper (P). This document is not applicable to white pepper categories called “light”. NOTE Specifications for white pepper are given in ISO 959-1. Recommendations relating to storage and transport conditions are given in Annex B.