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This document gives guidance on auditing management systems, including the principles of auditing, managing an audit programme and conducting management system audits, as well as guidance on the evaluation of competence of individuals involved in the audit process. These individuals include those managing the audit programme, auditors and audit teams.
It is applicable to all organizations that need to plan and conduct audits of management systems or manage an audit programme.
The application of this document to other types of audits is possible, provided that special consideration is given to the specific competence needed and the objectives to be achieved.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for operating lights used in dental treatment and intended for illuminating the oral cavity of patients. It also contains specifications on the instructions for use, marking and packaging.
This document applies to operating lights, irrespective of the technology of the light source.
This document excludes auxiliary light sources and those intended for patient contact, e.g. from dental handpieces and dental headlamps, fibreoptic intraoral operating lights and operating lights which are specifically designed for use in oral surgery.

This document specifies coupling between handpieces and motors that are connected to dental units. For the purposes of this document, the couplings described in this document are not equipped with electronic terminal(s).
This document specifies the nominal dimensions, tolerances and extraction force of coupling systems for use between handpieces and motor which supply the handpiece with water, air and light and rotation energy.

IEC 60940:2026 establishes general rules and safety requirements on the application of capacitors, resistors, inductors, and complete filter units for electromagnetic interference suppression which will be connected to an AC mains or other supply (DC or AC) with a nominal voltage not exceeding 1 000 V AC having a nominal frequency not exceeding 400 Hz, or 1 500 V DC.
It facilitates drafters of product safety standards and other stakeholders such as designers, manufacturers, service providers, policy makers and regulators to consider safety aspects for the intended use and the reasonably foreseeable misuse of these components in its products and systems and apply risk reduction measures to achieve a tolerable risk level.
This third edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) new title to change the document from “guidance” into “general rules and safety requirements;
b) new content added (Clause 5 to Clause 9);
c) the previous edition is partly contained in Clause 4.

This document specifies general interface requirements for small-bore connectors that form part of a medical device or accessory that conveys liquids or gases to a patient.
This document also identifies the applications for which these small-bore connectors are intended to be used, which include, but are not limited to:
—     respiratory;
—     enteral;
—     limb cuff inflation;
—     neural;
—     intravascular or hypodermic;
—     other use cases utilizing an ISO 80369-7 small-bore connector.
This document provides the methodology to assess non-interconnectable characteristics of small-bore connectors based on their inherent design in order to reduce the risk of misconnections between medical devices or between accessories for different applications as specified in this document as well as those that can be developed under future parts of the ISO and IEC 80369 series.
NOTE            Clause A.2 contains guidance or rationale for this Clause.

IEC TS 63537:2026 addresses the requirements for hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation test of power system stability control system (see definition in 3.1.2). Its purpose is to provide guidelines encompassing the use of terms and definitions, as well as the objective and general requirements for HIL simulation test. The TS covers the test requirements, test system, test contents, and test quality management. This document improves the safe and stable operation of the power system.

This document supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 62841-1, so as to convert it into the IEC Standard: Particular requirements for transportable planers and thicknessers.
IEC 62841-1:2014, Clause 1 is applicable, except as follows:
This document applies to transportable planers, thicknessers and combined planers and thicknessers intended for cutting wood and analogous materials with a maximum planing width of 330 mm.
This document does not apply to planers, thicknessers or combined planers and thicknessers other than transportable.
NOTE 101 ISO 19085-7:2019 gives requirements for planers, thicknessers or combined planers and thicknessers other than transportable.

This document specifies the requirements and methods for the clinical investigation of medical electrical (ME) equipment used to measure the body temperature in indirect measurement mode.
This document covers both intermittently and continuously measuring clinical thermometers.
NOTE 1        This document does not apply to clinical thermometers measuring the body temperature in direct measurement mode.
NOTE 2        For clinical thermometers in direct measurement mode determining the technical accuracy in accordance with ISO 80601-2-56:—1) is considered sufficient.
This document is applicable to clinical thermometers with claimed measurement time shorter than 60 seconds (for methods such as oral or rectal measurement), or shorter than 5 minutes (for methods such as axillary measurement), and which are treated as predictive type thermometers and fall under the scope of this document.
This document specifies additional disclosure requirements.
This document does not apply to the clinical investigation of a screening thermographs for human febrile temperature screening whose laboratory accuracy requirements are described in IEC 80601-2-59.
This document does not apply to pulmonary artery catheter for the determination of cardiac output by thermodilution.
NOTE 3        ISO 80601-2-56:—1) does include pulmonary artery catheter for the determination of cardiac output by thermodilution.

This document specifies requirements for oropharyngeal airways.
This document is not applicable to metal oropharyngeal airways, nor to requirements concerning flammability of oropharyngeal airways.
This document is not applicable to supralaryngeal airways, which are covered by ISO 11712[1].
The requirements that are also applicable to other airway devices have been removed from this document as they now appear in the general airway device standard (ISO 18190).
The requirements in this device-specific standard take precedence over any conflicting requirements in the general standard for airway devices (ISO 18190).

This document provides requirements and specific guidance for the safe operation and maintenance of optical fibre communication systems (OFCSs). In these systems, optical power is possibly accessible outside the confines of the transmitting equipment and/or at great distance from the optical source.
This document requires the assessment of hazard level at each accessible location of the OFCS as a replacement for product classification according to IEC 60825-1. It applies to the installed OFCS as an engineered, end-to-end assembly for the generation, transfer and receipt of optical radiation arising from lasers, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or optical amplifiers, in which the transference is by means of optical fibre for communication and/or control purposes.
NOTE 1 Throughout this document, a reference to 'laser' is taken to include LEDs and optical amplifiers.
Individual components and subassemblies that fall under the definition of a laser product are subject to the applicable subclause(s) of IEC 60825-1. This document is applicable to individual components and subassemblies intended to be installed within OFCSs.
This document does not apply to optical fibre systems primarily designed to transmit optical power for applications such as material processing or medical treatment.
In addition to the hazards resulting from laser radiation, OFCSs possibly give rise to other hazards, such as fire.
This document does not address safety issues associated with explosion or fire with respect to OFCSs deployed in explosive atmospheres.
NOTE 2 The hazard presented by optical radiation emerging from a fibre is determined by the wavelength and power emerging from the fibre and also by the optical characteristics of the fibre itself (see Annex A).

IEC TS 63346-2-1:2026 establishes the general principles for the design of low-voltage auxiliary power systems (APS) with nominal voltages below or equal to 1 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC, and nominal frequency up to and including 60 Hz, so as to provide safe and correct operation for the intended use.
This document applies to the design of low-voltage auxiliary systems for
- substations, which are part of an electrical system, confined to a given area, mainly including ends of transmission or distribution lines, electrical switchgear and controlgear, buildings and transformers,
- converter stations,
- hydropower stations, where the gravitational energy of water is converted into electricity, and
- thermal power stations, where the thermal energy is obtained by burning fossil fuels.

ISO/IEC 14543-4-303:2026 specifies an application-layer protocol important for ensuring interoperability among the products of various manufacturers regarding communications between electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) chargers and controllers. It uses the network enhanced communications device (NECD) protocol specified in ISO/IEC 14543-4-3. This protocol is based on UDP using IPv4 or IPv6 (TCP is optional).

IEC 60079-10-2 is concerned with the identification and classification of areas where explosive dust atmospheres and combustible dust layers are present in order to permit the proper assessment of ignition sources in such areas. In this document, explosive dust atmospheres and combustible dust layers are treated separately. In Clause 4, area classification for explosive dust clouds is described, with dust layers acting as one of the possible sources of release. In Clause 7, other general considerations for dust layers are described. The examples in this document are based on a system of effective housekeeping being implemented in the plant to prevent dust layers from accumulating. Where effective housekeeping is not present, the area classification includes the possible formation of explosive dust clouds from dust layers. The principles of this document can also be followed when combustible fibres or flyings might cause a hazard.
Atmospheric conditions include variations in pressure and temperature above and below reference levels of 101,3 kPa (1 013 mbar) and 20 °C (293 K), provided that the variations have a negligible effect on the explosive properties of the combustible material. For air with normal oxygen content, typically a volume fraction of 21 % is assumed.
It does not apply to:
a) underground mining areas;
b) dusts of explosives that do not require atmospheric oxygen for combustion such as pyrophoric substances, propellants, pyrotechnics, munitions, peroxides, oxidizers, water‑reactive elements or compounds, or other similar materials;
c) catastrophic failures or rare malfunctions which are outside the conditions dealt with in this document;
d) rooms used for medical purposes;
e) domestic premises;
f) where a hazard is due to the presence of flammable gas or vapour, but the principles can be used in the assessment of a hybrid mixture (see also IEC 60079-10-1).
This document does not consider the effects of consequential damage following a fire or an explosion. Please refer to the foreword of the document for a detailed listing of the significant technical changes from the previous edition.

IEC/IEEE 60802:2026 defines time-sensitive networking profiles for industrial automation. The profiles select features, options, configurations, defaults, protocols, and procedures of bridges, end stations, and LANs to build industrial automation networks. This document also specifies YANG modules defining read-only information available online and offline as a digital data sheet. This document also specifies YANG modules for remote procedure calls and actions to address requirements arising from industrial automation networks.

IEC TS 62607-6-24:2026 which is a Technical Specification, establishes a standardized method to determine the key control characteristic (KCC)
• number of layer distribution
for CVD graphene film by
• optical contrast measurement
The number of layers and number of layer distribution of CVD graphene film is derived by G‑channel contrast values.
This method is applicable for clean CVD graphene film without twisted multilayer structures on a SiO2/Si substrate.

ISO/IEC 14543-4-304:2026 specifies an application-layer protocol important for ensuring interoperability among the products of various manufacturers regarding communications between electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) charger and dischargers and controllers. It uses the network enhanced communications device (NECD) protocol specified in ISO/IEC 14543-4-3. This protocol is based on UDP using IPv4 or IPv6 (TCP is optional).

IEC TS 63427:2026 provides principles and technical requirements for the adjustment potential of demand side resources in demand side management. Demand side resources include dispatchable loads, electrical energy storage, grid-connected microgrids, and distributed energy resources, which are connected to power distribution systems and capable of adjusting their operating state and exchanging information with grid control systems. It includes the DSR characteristics, system requirements, data preparation and evaluation process.
The adjustments of demand side resources can be subject to relevant local regulations or specifications. Electricity market mechanisms, user behaviour and data privacy are excluded from the scope of this document.

IEC 61754-2: 2026 defines the standard interface dimensions for type BFOC/2,5 family of connectors. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1996. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) addition of Clause 2, Clause 3 and the Bibliography; b) addition of the active device receptacle interface type; c) revision of the ferrule grades to refer to the connector optical interfaces specified in the IEC 61755-3 series; d) revision of the ferrule end face geometry to refer to the connector optical interfaces specified in the IEC 61755‑3 series and IEC 63267‑3 series; e) improvement of the description of the characteristics of the resilient alignment sleeve for adaptor and rigid bore sleeve for active device receptacle; f) harmonisation of the dimensions of reference A for the rigid bore sleeve with other connector interface standards in IEC 61754 series.

This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the periodic inspection and testing of permanently mounted tubes of: composite with seamless metallic liners; composite with non-load-sharing liners; seamless steel; in battery vehicles and multiple element gas containers (MEGCs) including frames and associated equipment (these components are also inspected); and large tubes of: composite with seamless metallic liners; composite with non-load-sharing liners; in modules including frames and associated equipment (these components are also inspected).

This document specifies the requirements for dehydrated tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus Linnaeus) (methylchavicol type; also called “estragole -type tarragon”) in the form of whole or cut leaves and powder. It does not apply to the elemicin-sabinene-type tarragon. Recommendations relating to storage and transport conditions are given in Annex A.

IEC 60404-8-3:2023 defines the grades of cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet delivered in the semi-processed state in nominal thicknesses of 0,47 mm, 0,50 mm, 0,64 mm, 0,65 mm and 0,79 mm. It gives general requirements, magnetic properties, geometric characteristics, tolerances and technical characteristics as well as inspection procedures. The nominal thicknesses of 0,47 mm, 0,64 mm and 0,79 mm apply to the grades for use at 60 Hz only.
This document applies to cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet delivered in the semi-processed state, i.e. without final heat treatment, in coils or sheets, and intended for the construction of magnetic circuits. This document does not apply to materials supplied in the fully-processed state.
These materials correspond respectively to classes B2 and C21 of IEC 60404-1.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Modification of terms and technical requirements concerning geometrical characteristics to be consistent with IEC 60404-9:2018;
b) Insertion of Table 3 – Tolerances on nominal thickness;
c) Change of the length of the test specimen for determination of geometrical characteristics from 2 m to 1 m;
d) Deletion of Annex A with the European numerical system of designation of steels.

This document is applicable to whole body vibration as a significant hazard. It also specifies the methods for determining the vibration emission transmitted to the whole body of drivers standing or seated on freely moveable ground support equipment (GSE) when driving, for purposes of type evaluation and declaration. This document also specifies methods for verifying vibration emission. This document is applicable to self-powered GSE only. The test results do not apply to the determination of whole body vibration exposure of persons. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the different parts of the EN 1915 series and the EN 12312 series. This document does not apply to GSE manufactured before the date of its publication.

IEC 61995-1:2025 applies to devices for the connection of luminaires (DCL) intended for household and similar purposes, for the electrical connection of fixed luminaires of class I or class II to final circuits rated at not more than 16 A without mechanical support for the luminaires incorporated in the plug/outlet interface. The DCL retention mechanisms are not intended to support the weight of the luminaires. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2005 and Amendment 1:2016. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) additional requirements and tests for additional suspension means; b) additional requirements and tests for additional functions; c) additional requirements and tests for floating type DCLs; d) introduction of insulation piercing terminals (IPT); e) additional classification according to the connection capacities of the DCL outlet terminals; f) modification of maximum withdrawal force for plugs with enabled locking means; g) improvements of temperature rise tests.

This document specifies a subset of the syntax specified in Rec. ITU-T T.840.1 | ISO/IEC 6048-1 via one Main stream profile and three decoder tool subsets as three decoder profiles. It also defines higher bounds on tile and picture sizes via levels of a decoder profile that a conforming decoder implementation shall support, and specifies profiles, each being tailored to certain application domains, and defines the levels of the profiles.

IEC 62541-9:2026 specifies the representation of Alarms and Conditions in the OPC Unified Architecture. Included is the Information Model representation of Alarms and Conditions in the OPC UA address space. Other aspects of alarm systems like alarm philosophy, life cycle, alarm response times, alarm types and many other details are captured in standards such as IEC 62682 and ISA 18.2. The Alarms and Conditions Information Model in this document, is designed in accordance with IEC 62682 and ISA 18.2. Annex C specifies a recommended mapping between OPC Classic Alarm & Events (A&E) servers to the model described in this document. Annex A describes recommended localized names for Alarm states. Annex B describes examples (e.g. Event sequences, Alarm areas in AddressSpace). This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2020. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) addition of "Comment" parameter to Alarm shelving methods; b) addition of method that allows a client to get the members of a group, since it is possible that the AddressSpace does not expose instances of alarms; c) addition of deadband properties for all limits in the limit AlarmType (from which all other types described in this issue are derived); d) addition of text explaining the disabling of alarms is no longer supported in ISA 18.2 and that it is maintained in this document for backward compatibility, but that it is recommended that Alarm not be disabled; e) addition of optional severities for limit alarms; f) addition of new AlarmState variable type that can be used to collect alarm information for displays on graphics; g) addition of SupportsFilterRetain property to improve Client filtering; h) removal of ConditionSubClassId and ConditionSubClassNames from the conditiontype definition since they are now defined in BaseEventType.

This document provides a self-assessment of an organization’s human-centred design principles, processes, and activities throughout the life cycle of computer-based interactive systems. It also provides an overview of information given in the ISO 9241-200 series of standards. It is intended to be used as an introduction and self-assessment guide to human-centred design (HCD). Its target audience is personnel responsible for and managing design processes, and it is concerned with ways in which both hardware and software components of interactive systems can enhance human–system interaction. This document does not provide detailed coverage of the methods and techniques required for human-centred design, nor does it address health or safety aspects in detail. Although it addresses the planning and management of human-centred design, it does not address all aspects of project management. NOTE Detailed human factors, ergonomics, usability and accessibility issues are dealt with more fully in a number of standards including other parts of ISO 9241 and ISO 6385, which sets out the broad principles of ergonomics.

This document specifies the syntax, semantics, and decoding for visual volumetric media using video‑based coding methods. Furthermore, this document specifies processes that can be needed for reconstruction of visual volumetric media, and can also include additional processes such as post‑decoding, pre-reconstruction, post‑reconstruction, and adaptation.

IEC 60404-8-5:2020(E) defines the grades of electrical steel strip and sheet with specified mechanical properties and magnetic polarization. In particular, it gives general requirements, mechanical properties, magnetic polarization, geometric characteristics, tolerances and technological characteristics, as well as inspection procedures.
This document applies to electrical steel strip and sheet intended for the construction of poles and rims of rotating electrical machines.
The grades are grouped into two classes according to their manufacturing process:
- hot-rolled grades;
- cold-rolled grades.
They correspond to Class D21 of IEC 60404-1.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) extension of the range of products to include the improved grades;
b) division of "flatness" into "edge wave (wave factor)" and "residual curvature" in consistent with IEC 60404-9;
c) change length of test specimen for determinations of geometrical characters from 2 m to 1 m.

This document provides guidance on applying the set of user accessibility needs (UANs) to the procurement, development and evaluation of ICT products and services. This includes guidance on documenting the application of user accessibility needs. Applying user accessibility needs helps improve accessibility for all users and in particular for users with special needs that might otherwise be overlooked.

IEC 60404-8-4:2022 defines the grades of cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet in nominal thicknesses of 0,35 mm, 0,47 mm, 0,50 mm, 0,65 mm and 1,00 mm. In particular, it gives general requirements, magnetic properties, geometric characteristics, tolerances and technological characteristics, as well as inspection procedure. The nominal thickness 0,47 mm applies to the grades for use at 60 Hz only. This document applies to cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet supplied in the fully-processed state, i.e. the final annealed condition, in coils or sheets, and intended for the construction of magnetic circuits. This document does not apply to materials supplied in the semi-processed state. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- modification of terms and technical requirements concerning geometrical characteristics to be consistent with IEC 60404-9:2018;
- insertion of Table 3 - Tolerances on nominal thickness;
- change of the length of test specimen for determination of geometrical characteristics from 2 m to 1 m.

IEC 60404-8-8:2017(E) defines the grades of thin non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet in nominal thicknesses of 0,05 mm, 0,10 mm, 0,15 mm, 0,20 mm, 0,25 mm, 0,30 mm and 0,35 mm and of thin grain-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet in nominal thicknesses of 0,05 mm, 0,10 mm, 0,15 mm and 0,18 mm. In particular, it gives general requirements, magnetic properties, geometric characteristics and tolerances, technological characteristics, as well as inspection procedures.
NOTE For thin non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet, other nominal thicknesses (i.e. 0,12 mm, 0,18 mm, 0,23 mm and 0,27 mm) can be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
This document applies to electrical steel strip and sheet supplied in the finally annealed condition in coils or sheets and intended for the construction of magnetic circuits predominantly used at frequencies in the range from 100 Hz to 10 kHz.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- extension of the range of electrical steels to include the improved grades.

This document specifies the presentation of lexicographic entries in general language dictionaries, whether monolingual, bilingual or multilingual, following a lexicographic lemma-oriented approach, and intended for human end-users. Concerning the modelling of the underlying data, this document follows the ISO 24613 series. The document provides recommendations for addressing the heterogeneous structures of data presentation in lexicographic entries, both in printed and digital dictionaries. This document also establishes core concepts related to the broader scope of lexicographic work.

This document provides information on the design of geosynthetics for surface erosion control on slopes and river or channel banks. It does not apply to the design of geosynthetics for the stability of slopes and river or channel banks. It does not apply to coastal protection issues.

This document describes a solution for integrating advanced process control and optimization capabilities for manufacturing systems by introducing the advanced control system of the distillation column in detail with a separate distillation column as an application case. This document is intended to be used with ISO 15746-1, ISO 15746-2 and ISO 15746-3.

This document concerns human exposure to whole-body vibration and shock in buildings with respect to the comfort and annoyance of the occupants based on both measurements and simulations. It specifies a method for measurement and evaluation, comprising the determination of the measurement direction and measurement location. It defines the frequency weighting, Wm, which is applicable in the frequency range 1 Hz to 80 Hz where the posture of an occupant does not need to be defined, see Annex A. NOTE 1 The frequency weightings given in ISO 2631-1 can be used if the posture of the occupant is defined. Whilst it is often the case that a building will be available for experimental investigation, many of the concepts contained within this document would apply equally to a building in the design process or where it will not be possible to gain access to an existing building. In these cases, reliance will have to be placed on the prediction of the building response by some means. This document does not provide guidance on the likelihood of structural damage, which is discussed in ISO 4866. Further, it is not applicable to the evaluation of effects on human health and safety. Acceptable magnitudes of vibration are not stated in this document, but guidance is provided in Annex C in the form of exposure-response curves for the estimation of annoyance when vibration originates from various sources, including railway, construction activities and blasting. NOTE 2 The exposure-response curves are based on the most recent evidence which suggests that human response to vibration in buildings is dependent on the magnitude, frequency, duration and temporal characteristics of the vibration[4]. In addition, it is known that other factors not directly related to the vibration characteristics have a significant influence on the annoyance response. These are identified in Annex B and include consideration of some parallel effects, subjective impressions and socio-demographic factors which need to be accounted for when collecting vibration data. NOTE 3 Several national standards have been proposed to define methods for assessing exposure to vibration in buildings as well as reference values for judging the annoyance resulting from exposure. These standards generally present significant differences in terms of metrics and methods used to quantify exposure as well as on the guideline values to prevent adverse effects. Some standards define limit values that are based on experimental field data leading to exposure-response relationships such as those proposed in Annex C. Other standards base their limit values on estimations that take into account vibration perception thresholds and situational factors. Some standards also consider the magnitude of vibration that can present a risk of damage to the buildings, particularly when blasting is involved.

This document provides requirements and guidance on common competence requirements and qualifications for crewed submersible operations to enable operators to develop their own competence schemes. It is applicable to any crewed submersible system (CSS) or craft. Conventional and nuclear powered naval submarines, and diving bells are not addressed in this document.

This document provides test methods for determining air tightness and separation performance (permeation and salt rejection) of reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane elements.

This document establishes concepts for understanding and improving systems resilience. Systems resilience addresses the capabilities of systems under adversity. This document is applicable to human-created systems that can be either physical or conceptual, or a combination of both. It applies to systems as defined in ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288, including services and products. It is not intended to apply to naturally occurring systems.

This document specifies the dimensions of fixed or rotatable bolted knife-edge flanges used in vacuum systems for pressures ranging from atmospheric to as low as 10−11 Pa.

This document specifies principles and requirements and gives guidance on environmental product declaration (EPD) programmes and their associated EPDs. This document specifies the use of ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 on life cycle assessment (LCA) in the development of EPDs. This document is applicable to EPD programmes and their associated EPDs that are intended to address the potential environmental impacts and environmental aspects of products, and which can also include related social and economic aspects in support of sustainable development. NOTE 1 This document does not deal with social or economic LCA indicators. NOTE 2 Related social and economic aspects of the products can be reported as additional sustainability-related information, where relevant and available. This document provides requirements and guidance for the communication of the potential environmental impacts and environmental aspects of products to the intended audience of the EPD. This document does not apply to sector-specific provisions, which are dealt with in other ISO documents. It is intended that sector-specific provisions in other ISO documents related to EPDs are based on and use the principles, requirements and guidance of this document.

This document provides guidance on risks specific to artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) and how to apply the risk management process of ISO 14971 to ML-enabled medical devices (MLMD). This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 14971 and ISO/TR 24971[2].
This document does not apply to MLMD employing large language models (LLM) or generative AI.

This document provides requirements for demonstrating that the site in question is adequate to provide safe, long-term containment of CO2, for demonstrating that the CO2 flood is operated in a way to assure containment of the CO2 in the EOR complex, and for quantifying associated storage. This document applies to CO2 that is injected in enhanced recovery operations for oil and other hydrocarbons, including natural gas, (CO2-EOR) for which quantification of CO2 that is safely stored long-term in association with the CO2-EOR project is sought. Recognizing that some CO2-EOR projects use non-anthropogenic CO2 in combination with anthropogenic CO2, the document also shows how allocation ratios can be utilized for optional calculations to quantify the portion of associated storage comprised of anthropogenic CO2 (see Annex A). This document does not apply to quantification of CO2 injected into reservoirs where no hydrocarbon production is anticipated or occurring. Storage of CO2 in geologic formations that do not contain hydrocarbons is covered by ISO 27914 even if located above or below hydrocarbon producing reservoirs. If storage of CO2 is conducted in a reservoir from which hydrocarbons were previously produced but will no longer be produced in paying or commercial quantities, such storage would be subject to the requirements of ISO 27914. This document addresses: safe, long-term containment of CO2 within the EOR complex; CO2 leakage from the EOR complex through leakage pathways; and on-site CO2-EOR project loss of CO2 from wells, equipment, or other facilities. This document does not address the following: lifecycle emissions, including but not limited to CO2 emissions from capture or transportation of CO2, on-site emissions from combustion or power generation, and CO2 emissions resulting from the combustion of produced hydrocarbons; storage of CO2 above ground; buffer and seasonal storage of CO2 below ground (similar to natural gas storage); )any technique or product that does not involve injection of CO2 into the subsurface; and emissions of any greenhouse gases (GHGs) other than CO2. NOTE Some authorities can require other GHG components of the CO2 stream to be quantified.

This document specifies a method of testing the laser-induced ignition and damage of medical beam delivery systems to allow checking of suitable products according to the classification system.
NOTE 1 Take care when interpreting these results, since the direct applicability of the results of this test method to the clinical situation has not been fully established.
NOTE 2 Users of products tested by this method are cautioned that the laser will be wavelength sensitive and tested at the wavelength for which it is intended to be used. If tested using other wavelengths, the power settings and modes of beam delivery need to be explicitly stated.
CAUTION — This test method can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document provides advice on minimizing some of the risks associated with its use but does not purport to address all such risks. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies the characteristics of wheels for all heavy rail track gauges.
This document applies to heavy rail vehicles and applies, in principle, to other vehicles such as urban rail vehicles. Five steel grades, ER6, ER7, ER8, ERS8 and ER9, are defined in this document.
NOTE 1   Steel grade ERS8 has been introduced in this document as an optimization of steel grades ER8 and ER9 due to contact fatigue (RCF), taking into account service feedback from Europe, for example, BS 5892-3 in force in the United Kingdom.
Some features are provided as a Category 1 or Category 2 function.
The requirements defined in this document apply to cylindrical bores. Most requirements also apply to wheels with tapered bores. Specific requirements for tapered bores (e.g. geometrical dimensions, etc.) are defined in the technical specification.
This document applies to monobloc wheels in vacuum degassed steel, forged and rolled, with surface treated rims, which have already been the subject of extensive commercial applications on a European network or have complied with a technical approval procedure according to EN 13979-1:2020 to validate their design.
Annex A describes the evaluation process for accepting new materials that are not included in this document.
This document defines the requirements to be met for wheels; the technical approval procedure is not part of the scope of this document.
NOTE 2   A "surface-treated rim" is achieved by heat treatment which aims to harden the rim and create compressive residual stress.