ISO - International Organization for Standardization

This document specifies methods to determine 226Ra by alpha spectrometry in supply water, drinking water, rainwater, surface and ground water, marine water, as well as cooling water, industrial water, domestic, and industrial wastewater after proper sampling, handling and test sample preparation. The detection limit depends on the sample volume, the instrument used, the background count rate, the detection efficiency, the counting time and the chemical yield. The detection limit of the methods described in this document, using currently available alpha spectrometry apparatus, is equal to or lesser than 3 mBq·l−1 (or mBq·kg−1), which is lower than the WHO criteria for safe consumption of drinking water (1 Bq·l−1)[ REF Reference_ref_12 \r \h 4 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000110000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F00310032000000 ]. This value can typically be achieved with a counting time of 48 h for a test sample volume of 40 ml. The method described in this document is applicable in the event of an emergency situation. Filtration of the test sample is necessary for the methods described in this document if suspended solids are present. The analysis of 226Ra adsorbed to suspended matter is not covered by this method, because it requires a mineralization step. In this case, the measurement is made on the different phases obtained. The final activity is the sum of all the measured activity concentrations. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for the water samples tested.

This document specifies general and detailed requirements for bellows used in space systems. It establishes requirements regarding material, design, analysis, fabrication, material, testing, inspection, and operation for space use. This document is applicable to metallic bellows which are used as pressure bearing components and are integrated into a pressure system. This document is not applicable to engine bellows or valve bellows.

This document specifies a method of determining the total carbon and the total hydrogen in coal and coke, by the Liebig method.

This document specifies: — How to uniquely identify Digital Items (and parts thereof); — How to uniquely identify IP related to the Digital Items (and parts thereof), for example abstractions; — How to express the relationship between the two above identifiers; — How to deal with varying levels of functional granularity for Digital Item identifiers; — How to uniquely identify description schemes; — The relationship between Digital Items (and parts thereof) and existing identification systems. Annex C contains a list of relevant identification systems. This is not an exhaustive list and is subject to change over time; — How to express the relationship between two Digital Items. This document does not specify: — New identification systems for the content elements for which identification and description schemes already exist and are in use (e.g. this document does not attempt to replace the ISRC, as defined in ISO 3901, for sound recordings); — Normative description schemes for describing content.

This document defines the basic terms of functional components and performance indicators commonly used in the area of refuse collection vehicles (RCV). This document also gives classification and requirements for commercial specifications for RCVs. It aims to align with terminology that are used internationally. This standard provides further vocabulary to those defined in ISO 24161. NOTE ‘Refuse’ and ‘waste’ are used interchangeably in this document.

This document specifies a method of determining the characteristic fusion temperatures of ash from hard coal. NOTE Descriptors: fossil fuels, ash, ashes, tests, high temperature tests, determination, and fusibility.

This document specifies a procedure for the use of quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), including single-quadrupole instruments and tandem ICP-MS/MS, for analysing test solutions prepared from samples of airborne particulate matter collected as specified in ISO 15202-1. Method development, performance checks and a routine analysis method are specified in this document NOTE 1 Other types of ICP-MS (e.g. magnetic sector) are outside of the scope of this document. Test solutions for analysis by this document are prepared as specified in ISO 15202-2. This document is applicable to the assessment of workplace exposure to metals and metalloids for comparison with limit values (e.g. see EN 689[ REF Reference_ref_21 \r \h 10 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000110000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F00320031000000 ] and ASTM E1370[ REF Reference_ref_19 \r \h 8 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000110000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F00310039000000 ]). This document is not applicable to the determination of elemental mercury, since mercury vapour is not collected using the sampling method specified in ISO 15202-1. The procedure specified in this document is suitable for the assessment of exposure against the long-term exposure limits for most of the metals and metalloids for which occupational exposure limit values have been set, when sampling at a typical flow rate of at least 2 l min−1 for sampling times in the range 0,25 h to 8 h and for the assessment of exposure against the short-term exposure limits, where applicable. NOTE 2 The procedure is subject to no significant spectral interferences (see Clause A.3), provided that suitable analytical isotopes are used. However, inadequate matrix-matching can adversely affect results.

This document specifies calibration methods for a pyranometer using a pyrheliometer as a reference instrument. Three methods are specified in this document. a) Alternating sun and shade method. This method uses a shading disc to alternately shade and unshade a pyranometer to compare with the tracking pyrheliometer. The test pyranometer can be horizontal, on a fixed tilt or tracking alongside the pyrheliometer. b) Continuous sun and shade method. In this method, a shaded calibrated reference pyranometer is used in addition to the reference pyrheliometer. The test pyranometer can be horizontal, on a fixed tilt or tracking alongside the reference pyrheliometer, but the reference pyranometer must be mounted in the same plane as the test pyranometer (most often on the horizontal). c) Collimation tube method. In this method, the test pyranometer is mounted on a solar tracker and is equipped with a collimation tube designed to allow the test pyranometer to have the same geometric view as the reference pyrheliometer for a direct comparison of the two instruments. The methods in this document are applicable for calibration of all pyranometers provided that a proper uncertainty evaluation is performed. Unlike spectrally flat pyranometers, non-spectrally flat pyranometers have a sensitivity that strongly depends on the solar spectrum. Therefore, the calibration result can be valid under a more limited range of conditions. The result of a calibration is the instrument sensitivity accompanied by an uncertainty. This document includes suggestions for uncertainty evaluation.

This document specifies a method for the gas chromatographic determination of menthol in the total particulate matter (TPM) of mentholated cigarette mainstream smoke with a smoking regime according to ISO 3308 (standard smoking regime). The smoking of cigarettes and the collection of TPM from the mainstream smoke are carried out in accordance with ISO 4387 with some exceptions (see Annex A). Encapsulated menthol in specific products can lead to specific handling not described in this document.

This document specifies ways in which rare earths can be traced as they move through the supply chain between the separated products to rare earth permanent magnets, or otherwise to be further processed. The documented traceability information is applicable to purchasers, suppliers, and users of rare earth permanent magnets to identify parties in the supply chain who have processed a given shipment of rare earth material, the location of that rare earth material as it passes between supply chain nodes. The documented traceability information is also applicable to supply chain actors and end users who use this information to check the validity of any claims made on the rare earth permanent magnets concerning sustainability, environmental impact, or recycled material content.

This document establishes general requirements for the application of fracture control technology to fracture-critical items (FCIs) fabricated from metallic, non-metallic or composite materials. It also establishes mechanical damage control requirements for mechanical-damage-critical items (MDCIs) fabricated from composite materials. These requirements, when implemented on a particular space system, can assure a high level of confidence in achieving safe operation and mission success. This document provides the minimum fracture control and mechanical damage control requirements for FCIs and MDCIs in general space systems, including launch vehicles, spacecraft and ground support equipment. With modifications, these requirements can also be applicable to reusable launch vehicles (RLVs). This document is not applicable to projects which already have a set of specific fracture and damage control requirements suitable for their special applications. This document is not applicable to processing detected defects.

This document specifies surface finish requirements for the articulating surfaces of total and partial knee joint prostheses classified in ISO 7207-1. This document is intended to provide guidance for periodic validation of production processes.

This document specifies methods for calibration of pyrheliometers using reference pyrheliometers and specifies the calibration procedures for the transfer of the calibration. This document is applicable for use by calibration service providers and test laboratories to enable a uniform quality of accurate calibration sensitivities to be achieved.

This document provides information and general guidance on the selection and use of the methods of exposure to solar radiation described in detail in subsequent parts of the ISO 877 series. These methods of exposure to solar radiation are applicable to plastics materials of all kinds as well as to products and portions of products. It also specifies methods for determining radiant exposure. It does not include direct weathering using black-box test fixtures, which simulate higher end-use temperatures in some applications. NOTE ASTM G7 and ASTM D4141 describe black-box exposure tests.

This document specifies two methods of measurement of the electrophoretic mobility of particles suspended in a liquid: video microscopy and electrophoretic light-scattering. NOTE Estimation of surface charge and determination of zeta-potential can be achieved from measured electrophoretic mobility using proper theoretical models, which are described in detail in ISO 13099-1.

This document specifies the requirements for rubber O-rings and their housing dimensions, which seal gaseous hydrogen, in high-pressure hydrogen devices for gaseous hydrogen fuelling stations, such as valves, filters, joints, breakaways and other such devices. This document is applicable to O-rings suitable for sealing hydrogen gas of up to 70 MPa nominal working pressure, in the operating temperature range of −40 °C to 65 °C. This document contains safety requirements for the design of O-rings and their housing dimensions, compound design, and test methods for seal systems. This document applies to newly manufactured O-rings for hydrogen gas seal in high-pressure hydrogen devices used in hydrogen fuelling stations. NOTE 1 This document was developed using the ISO 3601 series. NOTE 2 This document was developed based on several temperature classes of rubber O-rings suitable for use with high-pressure hydrogen seals in devices for gaseous hydrogen stations. NOTE 3 The operating temperature is not a temperature of the hydrogen gas to be sealed by the O-ring gas seal system. Regardless of the operating temperature, the hydrogen gas temperature to be sealed can rise up to 180 °C. NOTE 4 The O-ring seal system for the high-pressure hydrogen devices are designed by the device manufacturers. The detailed specifications of the O-rings and design of static or non-static high-pressure hydrogen seal systems for the high-pressure hydrogen devices are determined as agreed upon between the interested parties by referring to this document.

This document specifies requirements for indicating linear sizes. This document establishes the default specification operator (see ISO 17450-2) and defines a special specification operator for linear sizes. This document is applicable to the following features of linear size (see ISO 17450-1): — cylinders; — spheres; — two parallel opposite planes. This document provides a set of tools to express several types of linear size characteristics. It does not present any information on the relationship between a function or a use and a linear size characteristic.

This document specifies requirements and gives guidance on mechanical hazards for developing safety standards for child care articles which are intended for children from birth to 48 months.

This document specifies the design, safety and operation characteristics of gaseous hydrogen land vehicle (GHLV) refuelling connectors. GHLV refuelling connectors consist of the following components, as applicable: — receptacle and protective cap (mounted on vehicle); — nozzle; — communication hardware. This document is applicable to refuelling connectors which have nominal working pressures or hydrogen service levels up to 70 MPa and maximum flow rates up to 120 g/s. This document is not applicable to refuelling connectors dispensing blends of hydrogen with natural gas.

This document specifies a method using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the determination of the sulfur content of petroleum products, such as naphthas, unleaded motor gasolines, middle distillates, residual fuel oils, base lubricating oils and components. The method is applicable to products with sulfur content in the range of a mass fraction of 0,03 % to a mass fraction of 5,00 %. This test method can be used for biofuel or biofuel blends.

This document describes the desired joint behaviour of MPEG-4 Systems (MPEG-4 File Format) and MPEG-4 Audio codecs. It is desired that MPEG-4 Audio encoders and decoders permit finite length signals to be encoded to a file (particularly MPEG-4 files) and decoded again to obtain the identical signal, subject to codec distortions. This enables the use of audio in systems implementations (particularly MPEG-4 Systems), perhaps with other media such as video, in a deterministic fashion. Most importantly, the decoded signal has nothing “extra” at the beginning or “missing” at the end. This permits: a) an exact "round trip" from raw audio to encoded file back to raw audio (excepting encoding artefacts); b) predictable synchronization between audio and other media such as video; c) correct behaviour when performing random access as well as when starting at the beginning of a stream; d) identical behaviour when edits are applied in the raw domain and the encoded domain (excepting encoding artefacts). It is also expected that there be predictable interoperability between encoders (as represented by files) and decoders. There are two kinds of audio "offsets" (or "delay" in the context of transmission): those that are result from the encoding process, and those that are result from the decoding process. This document is primarily concerned with the latter. These issues are resolved by the following: — The handling of composition time stamps for audio composition units is specified. Special care is taken in the case of compressed data, like HE-AAC coded audio, that can be decoded in a backward compatible fashion as well as in an enhanced fashion. — Examples are given that show how a finite length signals can be encoded to an MPEG-4 file and decoded again to obtain the identical signal, excepting codec distortions. Most importantly, the decoded signal has nothing “extra” at the beginning or “missing” at the end.

This document specifies the format of the Session-Based Description document and the media presentation description's (MPD) extension to be used in session-based operations with ISO/IEC 23009-1 (MPEG DASH).

This document specifies a method for the calibration of spherical tanks with a radius greater than 1 m by means of external measurements using an electro-optical distance-ranging instrument (EODR). It also specifies the subsequent calculation and the compilation of tank capacity tables. This document applies to spherical tanks built above ground, that are non-insulated, single-shell and with a radial variation up to 1 %. The method specified in this document can also apply to spherical tanks built above the deck when the carrying ship is in the dock. This document does not apply to the calibration of spheroidal tanks.

This document specifies the requirements for sterilized, single-use, gravity feed infusion sets, used together with the volumetric infusion controllers of IEC 60601-2-24.

This document specifies an extensible markup language (XML) format to facilitate the transfer of dental case data and CAD/CAM data between software systems.

This document specifies the requirements for the dimensions of various endodontic obturating materials and the radiopacity for polymeric points, polymeric-coated thermoplastic obturating carriers, non-point-shaped thermoplastic obturating material, or combinations of the above used for obturation of a root canal system. It also specifies numerical and colour-coding systems for designating the sizes of preformed endodontic obturating points, a method for determining the melt mass-flow rate for injection material, and the requirements for marking, labelling, packaging and the instructions for use. Dental endodontic obturating points are marketed as sterilized or non-sterilized. Sterility is not included in this document. Any claim that the product is sterile is the manufacturer's responsibility (see Table 3). This document does not apply to instruments or apparatus used with obturating materials that become plastic with heat or materials supporting a coronal restoration. Clause 7 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E000000530065006300740069006F006E005F007300650063005F0037000000 specifies marking, labelling and packaging, including the instructions for use. This document does not specify requirements or test methods for sterility. Reference to applicable national regulations, internationally accepted pharmacopoeia and standards for validating sterilization processes can apply.

This document specifies the concept of visual positioning system (VPS) in the context of mixed and augmented reality (MAR) and describes a reference model for it in terms of the essential system components and information constructs.

This document provides general requirements of manufacturing readiness review (MRR) for deliverable space products, including initiation process of MRR, implementation process of MRR and activities after MRR. This document is applicable to the MRR of deliverable space products.

This document provides a guideline for good design and practice for urban reclaimed water that recharges into landscape water, including urban stream flow (e.g. rivers and lakes), aesthetic impoundments and wetlands replenishment, to ensure the proper support of the aquatic ecosystem. This document covers urban stream flow and leisure with possible incidental body contact. It does not cover urban irrigation, such as the irrigation of elements of the natural environment, urban public areas, or residential areas. It does not cover the cultivation of aquatic plants or animals for food purposes, including their sale. This document provides recommendations for reclaimed water for landscaping uses, including those for planning, design, management, and maintenance.

This document specifies the encapsulation of codestreams specified in the JPEG 2000 family of Recommendations | International Standards into file formats derived from ISO/IEC 14496-12, including the file format specified in ISO/IEC 23008-12.

This document defines terms for the manufacture and use of gas cylinders and other pressure receptacles and their fittings.

This document specifies requirements for establishing, implementing and maintaining prerequisite programmes (PRPs) to control food safety hazards in the retail part of the food chain, including wholesalers, food banks and other organizations. This document is applicable to all organizations, regardless of size or complexity. This document does not apply to other parts of the food supply chain. Exclusions to requirements can be supported by a sufficient justification that ensures that the exclusion does not adversely impact food safety.

This document specifies, in conjunction with ISO 22002-100, requirements for establishing, implementing and maintaining prerequisite programmes (PRPs) to control food safety hazards in the manufacture of food and feed packaging. This document is applicable to all organizations, regardless of size or complexity. This document does not apply to other parts of the food supply chain. Exclusions to requirements can be supported by a sufficient justification that ensures that the exclusion does not adversely impact food safety.

This document specifies, in conjunction with ISO 22002-100, requirements for establishing, implementing and maintaining prerequisite programmes (PRPs) to control food safety hazards in catering services for direct consumer consumption or take away. The term “food services” is used synonymously with catering services. This document is applicable to restaurants, hotels, food trucks, vending machines, institutions, workplaces (school or factory cafeteria), on-board passenger services, where open exposed food activities (e.g. cooking, mixing, blending, preparation, reheating) occur on-site for direct consumer consumption or take-away. This includes minor processing activities at retail operations (e.g. slicing, portioning, reheating). This document is applicable to all organizations, regardless of size or complexity. This document does not apply to off-site catering kitchens or industrial kitchens that produce food not offered for immediate consumption. EXAMPLE Off-site kitchens that produce foodstuffs that will be supplied to restaurant(s), hotel(s) or onboard catering services. ISO 22002-1 applies in this case. This document does not apply to other parts of the food supply chain. Exclusions to requirements can be supported by a sufficient justification that ensures that the exclusion does not adversely impact food safety.

This document specifies, in conjunction with ISO 22002-100, requirements for establishing, implementing and maintaining prerequisite programmes (PRPs) to control feed safety hazards in feed and animal food, and materials intended for use in the production of feed and animal food. Feed safety hazards in this context relate to attributes that have a potential to affect adversely animal and/or human health. This document is applicable to all organizations, regardless of size or complexity. This document does not apply to other parts of the food supply chain. Exclusions to requirements can be supported by a sufficient justification that ensures that the exclusion does not adversely impact food safety.

This document applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of FUNCTIONAL NIRS EQUIPMENT, as defined in 201.3.205, intended to be used by itself, or as a part of an ME SYSTEM hereinafter referred to as ME EQUIPMENT. HAZARDS inherent in the intended physiological function of ME EQUIPMENT or ME SYSTEMS within the scope of this document are not covered by specific requirements in this document except in IEC 60601-1:2005, IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD1:2012 and IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD2:2020, 7.2.13 and 8.4.1. This document is not applicable to equipment for the measurement of oxygen saturation of the haemoglobin in the micro vessels (capillaries, arterioles and venules), i.e. tissue oximeters; frequency-domain and time-domain equipment for functional near-infrared spectroscopy; equipment for the measurement of changes in the concentration of chromophores other than oxy- and deoxy-haemoglobin; equipment for the measurement of changes in the concentration of oxy- and deoxy-haemoglobin in tissues other than the brain. This document does not specify the requirements for: cerebral tissue oximeter equipment, which are given in ISO 80601-2-85; and pulse oximeter equipment, which are given in ISO 80601-2-61.

This document specifies, in conjunction with ISO 22002-100, requirements for establishing, implementing and maintaining prerequisite programmes (PRPs) to control food safety hazards in food manufacturing. This document is applicable to all organizations, regardless of size or complexity. This document does not apply to other parts of the food supply chain. Exclusions to requirements can be supported by a sufficient justification that ensures that the exclusion does not adversely impact food safety.

This document specifies the common requirements for establishing, implementing and maintaining prerequisite programmes (PRPs) throughout the food, feed and packaging supply chain to assist in controlling food safety hazards with a food safety management system (FSMS). This document is applicable to all organizations, regardless of size or complexity, that are involved in activities across the food, feed and packaging supply chain and that wish to implement PRPs (see Figure 1). Exclusions to requirements can be supported by a sufficient justification that ensures that the exclusion does not adversely impact food safety.

This document specifies, in conjunction with ISO 22002-100, requirements for establishing, implementing and maintaining prerequisite programmes (PRPs) to control food safety hazards in transport and storage in the food chain, including cross-docking and transshipment activities. This document is applicable to all organizations, regardless of size or complexity. This document does not apply to live animals except when intended for direct consumption (e.g. molluscs, crustaceans and live fish). This document does not apply to other parts of the food supply chain or in isolation. Exclusions to requirements can be supported by a sufficient justification that ensures that the exclusion does not adversely impact food safety.

This document applies to arc stud welding of metallic materials subject to static and fatigue loading. This document specifies requirements that are particular to stud welding, in relation to welding knowledge, quality requirements, welding procedure specification, welding procedure qualification, qualification testing of operators and testing of production welds. This document is applicable where it is necessary to demonstrate the capability of a manufacturer to produce welded construction of a specified quality. NOTE General quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials are given in ISO 3834-1, ISO 3834-2, ISO 3834-3, ISO 3834-4 and ISO 3834-5. This document has been prepared in a comprehensive manner, with a view to it being used as a reference in contracts. The requirements contained within it can be adopted in full, or partially, if certain requirements are not relevant to a particular construction (see Annex A). For the working range of stud welding, see Annex B.

This document specifies requirements for stainless steel (shot and irregulars), as supplied for blast-cleaning processes. It specifies ranges of particle sizes, together with corresponding grade designations. Values are specified for hardness, density, defect/structural requirements, metallographic structure and chemical composition. The requirements specified in this document apply to abrasives supplied in the new condition only. Test methods for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives are given in the various parts of ISO 11125. Stainless steel shot and irregulars are used in both static and site blasting equipment. They are most often selected where there is a possibility for the recovery and re-use of the abrasive. NOTE 1 Although this document has been developed for preparation of steelwork, these materials are predominantly used for non-ferrous substrates. The properties specified will generally be appropriate for use when preparing other material surfaces, or components, using blast-cleaning techniques, and can be used for applications where no subsequent coating is applied. NOTE 2 Whenever dissimilar metals are used together, galvanic corrosion can occur.

This document specifies a testing method for determining the elastic modulus of glazed and unglazed ceramic tiles, substrate and glaze layer at ambient temperature by three-point bending tests. This document also specifies procedures for test specimen preparation, test modes, load rates, data collection and reporting. This test method can be used for material research, quality control, characterization and design data-generation purposes of ceramic tiles with a plate shape. See Annex A for more information. This method is not applicable to the ceramic tiles with profiled structures from which the test specimen cannot be machined.

This document specifies a method used for the determination of the temperature of deflection under load of specified plastics (including fibre-reinforced plastics in which the fibre length is, prior to processing, greater than 7,5 mm) under defined conditions. A number of different test conditions are defined, depending on the anticipated specimen dimensions. For additional information, see ISO 75-1:2020, Clause 1.

This document specifies the limits of sizes for major, pitch and minor diameters of ISO metric trapezoidal screw threads (Tr) conforming to ISO 2902 and having basic and design profiles in accordance with ISO 2901. This document is applicable to the metric trapezoidal screw threads with the seven tolerance classes (7H, 8H, 9H, 7e, 8e, 8c and 9c) recommended in ISO 2903.

This document specifies the characteristics and quality assurance requirements for MJ thread bolts made of heat and corrosion resisting steel, of strength class 1 100 MPa, for aerospace construction. It is applicable whenever it is referenced in a definition document.