Latest Standards, Engineering Specifications, Manuals and Technical Publications

This document specifies requirements for the establishment of an operations control programme (OCP) to ensure efficient cleanroom operation within specified cleanliness levels. The OCP includes management of personnel, entry and exit of personnel and materials, cleaning, maintenance and monitoring.
This document specifies operational requirements that relate to:
—     providing a system that specifies policies and operational procedures for maintaining cleanliness levels;
—     training of personnel;
—     transferring, installing and maintaining stationary equipment;
—     transferring material and portable equipment into and out of the cleanroom;
—     maintaining a personnel management programme that includes a gowning programme;
—     maintaining a cleaning programme that addresses special cleaning;
—     maintaining a cleanroom maintenance programme;
—     establishing an appropriate monitoring programme.
This document gives additional information in annexes for:
—     personnel management;
—     gowning;
—     training;
—     cleaning.
This document does not specifically address biocontamination control. For details on this topic, see ISO 14698-1 and ISO 14698-2.
This document does not apply to the following topics:
—     aspects of health and safety management that have no direct bearing on contamination control;
—     specific requirements for individual industries;
—     specific requirements for equipment and materials used or associated with processes and products;
—     design details of equipment;
—     cleaning agent compatibility with cleanroom materials.

This amendment of EN 50604-1 provides clarification to questions raised by test institutes for being able to proceed in testing according to the standard. It is ready for immediate release / publication.

2022-05-30: Fragments 1 to 7 circulated to parallel CDV separately, then merged into this PR before FDIS stage
2020-10-06: PR changed from A3 to new edition furhter to same change at IEC

IEC 63522-18:2025 This part of IEC 63522 is used for testing along with the appropriate severities and conditions for measurements and tests designed to assess the ability of DUTs to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage and all aspects of operational use. The object of this test is to determine the thermal resistance of the relay coil.

IEC 63522-5:2025 This part of IEC 63522 is used for testing all kinds of electrical relays and for evaluating their ability to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage and all aspects of operational use.
This document defines a standard test method for insulation resistance.

This document guides users of the EN 45545 series, particularly EN 45545 2:2020+A1:2023, in the application of these standards in designing and assessing Ni-Cd batteries on board trains for their fire protection measures.
This document excludes any new requirements, considering only the requirements stated by the above listed standards.
However, since the EN 45545 series contain generic requirements and do not specifically refer to Ni-Cd batteries, this document helps the application for those batteries.

IEC 60730-2-8:2025 applies to electrically operated water valves
• for use in, on, or in association with equipment for household appliance and similar use;
NOTE 1 Throughout this document, the word "equipment" means "appliance and equipment" and "control" means "electrically operated water valve".
EXAMPLE 1 Electrically operated water valves for appliances within the scope of IEC 60335.
• for building automation within the scope of ISO 16484 series and IEC 63044 series (HBES/BACS);
EXAMPLE 2 Independently mounted water valves, controls in smart grid systems and controls for building automation systems within the scope of ISO 16484-2.
• for equipment that is used by the public, such as equipment intended to be used in shops, offices, hospitals, farms and commercial and industrial applications;
EXAMPLE 3 Electrically operated water valves for commercial catering, heating and air-conditioning equipment.
• that are smart enabled electrically operated water valves;
EXAMPLE 4 Smart grid control, remote interfaces and controls of energy-consuming equipment including computer or smart phone.
• that are AC or DC powered electrically operated water valves with a rated voltage not exceeding 690 V AC or 600 V DC;
• used in, on, or in association with equipment that uses electricity, gas, oil, solid fuel, solar thermal energy, etc., or a combination thereof;
• utilized as part of a control system or controls which are mechanically integral with multifunctional controls having non-electrical outputs;
• using NTC or PTC thermistors and to discrete thermistors, requirements for which are contained in Annex J of Part 1;
• responsive to or controlling such characteristics as temperature, pressure, passage of time, humidity, light, electrostatic effects, flow, or liquid level, current, voltage, acceleration, or combinations thereof;
• in which actuators and valve bodies are designed to be fitted to each other.
• as well as manual controls when such are electrically or mechanically integral with automatic controls.
NOTE 2 Requirements for manually actuated mechanical switches not forming part of an automatic control are contained in IEC 61058-1-1.
This document applies to
- the inherent safety of electrically operated water valves, and
- functional safety of electrically operated water valves and safety related systems,
- controls where the performance (for example the effect of EMC phenomena) of the product can impair the overall safety and performance of the controlled system,
- the operating values, operating times, and operating sequences where such are associated with equipment safety.
This document specifies the requirements for construction, operation and testing of electrically operated water valves used in, on, or in association with an equipment.
This document contains requirements for electrical features of water valves and requirements for mechanical features of valves that affect their intended operation.
This document does not
• apply to electrically operated water valves intended exclusively for industrial process applications unless explicitly mentioned in the relevant Part 2 or the equipment standard. However, this document can be applied to evaluate automatic electrical controls intended specifically for industrial applications in cases where no relevant safety standard exists.
• apply to
- electrically operated water valves of nomi

IEC 62290‑3:2025 specifies the system architecture for urban guided transport management and command/control systems (UGTMS) as defined in IEC 62290‑1 and IEC 62290‑2, and the allocation of functions and requirements defined in IEC 62290‑2 to the different UGTMS subsystems (designated as system constituents in IEC 62290‑1 and IEC 62290‑2), for use in urban guided passenger transport lines and networks.
The IEC 62290 series specifies the functional, system and interface requirements for the command, control, and management systems intended to be used on urban, guided passenger transport lines and networks.
These systems are designated herein as urban guided transport management and command/control systems (UGTMS). UGTMS cover a wide range of operations needs from non-automated (GOA1) to unattended (GOA4) operation. A line may be equipped with UGTMS on its full length or only partly equipped.
The IEC 62290 series does not specifically address security issues. However, aspects of safety requirements may apply to ensuring security within the urban guided transit system.
The main objectives of this series are as follows:
* to provide a baseline system description and functional requirements specification for a transport authority to use in a request for proposal,
* to provide recommendations for those transport authorities wishing to acquire an interoperable or interchangeable system.
It is the responsibility of the transport authority concerned to decide on how to apply the IEC 62290 series and to take into account their particular needs.
The IEC 62290 series is also intended to support applications for upgrading existing signalling and command control systems. In this case, interchangeability and compatibility could be ensured only for the additional UGTMS equipment. Checking the possibility for upgrading existing equipment and the level of interoperability is the responsibility of the transport authority concerned.
This document is applicable for new lines or for upgrading existing signalling and command control systems.
This document is applicable to applications using
* continuous data transmission,
* continuous supervision of train movements by train protection profile, and
* localisation by onboard UGTMS equipment (reporting trains), and optionally by external wayside (and optionally onboard) device.
The functional allocations of the UGTMS subsystems are mandatory (forming a sort of core system) or optional, according to the mandatory/optional functions and requirements defined in IEC 62290‑2.
This document is applicable as a basis to define FIS and FFFIS. For specific applications, some elements can be added to meet the requirements coming from additional functions or equipment.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2019. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the last maintenance of IEC 62290‑1 is taken into account, in particular the changes made for describing the external environment of UGTMS;
b) the last maintenance of IEC 62290‑2 is taken into account, as IEC 62290‑3 is using the requirements defined in the latter. Therefore, the document reflects the deleted functions and requirements in IEC 62290‑2, and also the new functions and requirements.

IEC 62290‑1:2025 provides an introduction to the IEC 62290 series and deals with the main concepts, the system definition, the principles and the basic functions of UGTMS (urban guided transport management and command/control systems) for use in urban guided passenger transport lines and networks. This document is applicable for new lines or resignalling of existing lines.
This document is applicable to applications using:
- continuous data transmission,
- continuous supervision of train movements by train protection profile, and
- localisation of trains by onboard UGTMS equipment (reporting trains), and optionally by external wayside (and optionally onboard) device.
The IEC 62290 series specifies the functional, system and interface requirements for the command, control, and management systems intended to be used on urban, guided passenger transport lines and networks.
These systems are designated herein as urban guided transport management and command/control systems (UGTMS). UGTMS cover a wide range of operations needs from non-automated (GOA1) to unattended (GOA4) operation. A line may be equipped with UGTMS on its full length or only partly equipped.
The IEC 62290 series does not specifically address security issues. However, aspects of safety requirements may apply to ensuring security within the urban guided transit system.
The main objectives of this series are as follows:
- to provide a baseline system description and functional requirements specification for a transport authority to use in a request for proposal,
- to provide recommendations for those transport authorities wishing to acquire an interoperable or interchangeable system.
It is the responsibility of the transport authority concerned to decide on how to apply the IEC 62290 series and to take into account their particular needs.
This document is applicable to applications using:
- continuous data transmission,
- continuous supervision of train movements by train protection profile, and
- localisation of trains by onboard UGTMS equipment (reporting trains), and optionally by external wayside (and optionally onboard) device.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Figure 3, giving the system environment of UGTMS, has been amended to reflect the adaptation of it;
b) external equipment for which no requirement is described in the IEC 62290 series has been removed;
c) new external equipment having such requirements (like the washing machine) has been added.

This document specifies the method for the determination of the apparent relative density of coke, i.e. the ratio of the mass of a volume of dry coke to the mass of an equal volume of water.

Field devices are a key component in intelligent transport systems (ITS). Field devices include traffic signals, message signs, weather stations, traffic sensors, roadside equipment for connected ITS environments, etc. The ISO 26048 series defines data that can be used to manage field devices, including device configuration, control and monitoring. Field devices can be quite complex, necessitating the standardization of many data concepts for exchange. As such, the ISO 26048 series is divided into several individual parts. This document (ISO/TS 26048-1) introduces the ISO 26048 series, provides content that is normatively referenced in subsequent parts, and defines data that is applicable to the management of a wide range of field devices. The scope of the ISO 26048 series does not define the logic used by the management station, the underlying protocols used to exchange the defined data elements, or internal design of the field device. However, the ISO 26048 series does define functional requirements on the interface and assumes an interface based on an SNMPv3 environment as specified by ISO 15784-2. NOTE Many of the concepts defined in this document were derived from NTCIP 1103[ REF Reference_ref_11 \r \h 1 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000110000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F00310031000000 ] and NTCIP 1201[ REF Reference_ref_12 \r \h 2 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000110000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F00310032000000 ], however, the design has been updated to better address security concerns. It is expected that future versions of NTCIP will migrate to the design defined in this document.

This document specifies computational methods for determining the acoustical source level of projectile sound and its one-third octave band spectrum, expressed as the sound exposure level for nominal mid-band frequencies from 12,5 Hz to 10 kHz. It also specifies a method on how to use this source level to calculate the sound exposure level at a receiver position. Results obtained with this document can be used as a basis for assessment of projectile sound from shooting ranges. Additionally, the data can be used to determine sound emission or immission from different types of ammunition and weapons. The prediction methods are applicable to outdoor conditions and straight projectile trajectories. Two computational methods are given to determine the acoustical source level: one for streamlined projectile shapes and one for non-streamlined shapes, such as pellets.

This document provides guidance for the determination and development of competencies necessary to achieve an organization's compliance management system objectives. It provides guidance for establishing the adequate level of competencies of certain internal functions and third parties. This document is applicable to all organizations regardless of the type, size and nature of the activity, as well as whether the organization is from the public, private or non-profit sector. This document does not add to, change or otherwise modify requirements for compliance management system or any other standards.

This document describes a classification of non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives for the preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products. It specifies the characteristics which are required for the complete designation of such abrasives. This document applies to abrasives supplied in the new or unused condition only. It does not apply to abrasives either during or after use. NOTE Although this document has been developed specifically to meet requirements for preparation of steelwork, the properties specified will generally be appropriate for use when preparing other material surfaces, or components, using blast-cleaning techniques. These techniques are described in ISO 8504-2.

This document specifies the characteristics and their respective measurement methods of graphene-related 2D materials in sheet and particle forms for commercial applications with the aim of classification of the materials. The classification framework consists of the following elements: a) relevant material characteristics for commercial use; b) identification of applicable measurement methods; c) a range of the characteristic measured values when applicable; d) syntax to guide consistent naming and descriptions; e) an applicable technical data sheet template.

This European Standard deals with the safety of sealed (hermetic and semi-hermetic type) motor-compressors, their protection and control systems, if any, which are intended for use in equipment for household and similar purposes and which conform with the standards applicable to such equipment. It applies to motor-compressors tested separately, under the most severe conditions that may be expected to occur in normal use, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V for single-phase motor-compressors and 480 V for other motor-compressors

This document establishes principles and an evaluation indicator framework for assessing the effectiveness of a compliance management system. This includes evaluation criteria for specified indicators. This document also provides guidance as well as suggestions on the evaluation model. The guidance provided in this document aims to support the monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation of a compliance management system. It aims to support management review of the compliance management system to foster continual improvement. It does not add to, change or otherwise modify requirements for compliance management systems or any other standards. This document is applicable to the activities for evaluating the effectiveness of the compliance management system in all organizations, regardless of the type, size and nature, including organizations from the public, private or non-profit sector.

This document specifies an event exchange format that defines the encoding of individual events in the interoperability domain. This event format is used to encode events for exchange across the “event bus” within the interoperability domain.

This document specifies the determination of free melamine in coated and uncoated wood-based-panels.
NOTE 1   It is also applicable to other wood-based products, to other solid products e.g. impregnates or decorative paper and to liquid materials.
The determination of melamine is performed by extraction using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and subsequent high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and ultraviolet (UV) detection.
NOTE 2   For determination of melamine in foodstuff, EN 16858 is applicable. For determination of melamine in animal feeding stuffs, EN 17212 is applicable. For determination of melamine in textiles, EN ISO 1833-26 is applicable.

This document specifies a wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) test method for the determination of the sulfur content in ethanol (E85) automotive fuel [3], containing ethanol between 50 % (V/V) and 85 % (V/V), from 5 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg, using instruments with either monochromatic or polychromatic excitation.
NOTE 1   Sulfur contents higher than 20 mg/kg can be determined after sample dilution with an appropriate solvent. However, the precision was not established for diluted samples.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction (µ) and the volume fraction (φ) of a material respectively.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies the characteristics and the tests required to qualify and control lots of high purity (≥99 %) aluminium coatings applied by ion-vapor deposition (IVD) on fasteners.

Scope of ISO 5149-4:2022:
This document specifies requirements for safety and environmental aspects in relation to operation,  maintenance and repair of refrigerating systems and the recovery, reuse and disposal of all types of refrigerant, refrigerant oil, heat transfer fluid, refrigerating system and part thereof.
This  document  does  not  cover  "motor  vehicle  air  conditioners"  constructed  according  to  the  product  standards such as ISO 13043.
These requirements are intended to minimize risks of injury to persons and damage to property and the environment resulting from improper handling of the refrigerants or from contaminants leading to system breakdown and resultant emission of the refrigerant.

This document specifies methods for quantitative determination of seven selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180) in soil, sludge, sediment, treated biowaste, and waste using GC-MS and GC-ECD (see Table 2).
The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract.
Under the conditions specified in this document, lower limit of application from 1 μg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for soils, sludge and biowaste to 10 μg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for solid waste can be achieved. For some specific samples the limit of 10 μg/kg cannot be reached.
Sludge, waste and treated biowaste may differ in properties, as well as in the expected contamination levels of PCB and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This document contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used.
NOTE            The analysis of PCB in insulating liquids, petroleum products, used oils and aqueous samples is referred to in EN 61619, EN 12766-1 and ISO 6468 respectively.
The method can be applied to the analysis of other PCB congeners not specified in the scope, provided suitability is proven by proper in-house validation experiments.

This document is applicable to half-burnt dolomite used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of half-burnt dolomite and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for half-burnt dolomite. It gives information on its use in water treatment.

This document specifies a method of evaluating the performance of a cable after exposure to a thermal shock.
It is intended to be used together with EN 3475-100.

This document specifies the characteristics of floor coverings based on polyvinyl chloride and modifications thereof, on jute or polyester backing or on polyester felt with polyvinyl chloride backing, supplied in either tile or roll form.
To encourage the consumer to make an informed choice the document includes a classification system (see EN ISO 10874) based on intensity of use, which shows where these floor coverings give satisfactory service. It also specifies requirements for marking.

IEC 60364-8-82:2022 provides requirements and recommendations that apply to low-voltage electrical installations connected or not to a distribution network able to operate: – with local power supplies, and/or – with local storage units, and that monitors and controls the energy from the locally connected sources delivering it to: – current-using equipment, and/or – local storage units, and/or – distribution networks. Such electrical installations are designated as prosumer's electrical installations (PEIs). These requirements and recommendations apply to new installations and modifications of existing installations. This document also provides requirements and recommendations for the safe, efficient and correct behaviour of these installations when integrated into a smart grid. Information related to grid interaction to ensure the stability of the electrical system for grid connected PEIs is given in Annex B. This document covers the requirements related to stability of islanded and stand-alone PEIs. This first edition cancels and replaces IEC 60364-8-2 published in 2018. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC 60364­8­2:2018: a) the vocabulary and concepts have been aligned as much as possible with those used by TC 8 and SC 8B, taking notably into account the IEC 62898 and IEC 62786 series, still respecting the installers mindset (installers being the first users of the IEC 60364 series and being used to only refer to the IEC 60364 series); b) the type of system earthing and the change of type of system earthing (sequencing) when there is a change of mode of the prosuming installation, have been clarified; c) the conditions of connection and disconnection from the DSO network have also been described, both from the safety point of view and the proper functioning point of view; d) additional requirements have been introduced; e) the figures have been updated; f) a new normative Annex D on single dwelling or similar application islandable PEIs has been added; g) the numbering has also been reviewed to follow the updated numbering system of the IEC 60364 series, in line with the IEC Directives and compatible with Parts 7.

IEC 60730-2-8:2025 applies to electrically operated water valves • for use in, on, or in association with equipment for household appliance and similar use; NOTE 1 Throughout this document, the word "equipment" means "appliance and equipment" and "control" means "electrically operated water valve". EXAMPLE 1 Electrically operated water valves for appliances within the scope of IEC 60335. • for building automation within the scope of ISO 16484 series and IEC 63044 series (HBES/BACS); EXAMPLE 2 Independently mounted water valves, controls in smart grid systems and controls for building automation systems within the scope of ISO 16484-2. • for equipment that is used by the public, such as equipment intended to be used in shops, offices, hospitals, farms and commercial and industrial applications; EXAMPLE 3 Electrically operated water valves for commercial catering, heating and air-conditioning equipment. • that are smart enabled electrically operated water valves; EXAMPLE 4 Smart grid control, remote interfaces and controls of energy-consuming equipment including computer or smart phone. • that are AC or DC powered electrically operated water valves with a rated voltage not exceeding 690 V AC or 600 V DC; • used in, on, or in association with equipment that uses electricity, gas, oil, solid fuel, solar thermal energy, etc., or a combination thereof; • utilized as part of a control system or controls which are mechanically integral with multifunctional controls having non-electrical outputs; • using NTC or PTC thermistors and to discrete thermistors, requirements for which are contained in Annex J of Part 1; • responsive to or controlling such characteristics as temperature, pressure, passage of time, humidity, light, electrostatic effects, flow, or liquid level, current, voltage, acceleration, or combinations thereof; • in which actuators and valve bodies are designed to be fitted to each other. • as well as manual controls when such are electrically or mechanically integral with automatic controls. NOTE 2 Requirements for manually actuated mechanical switches not forming part of an automatic control are contained in IEC 61058-1-1. This document applies to - the inherent safety of electrically operated water valves, and - functional safety of electrically operated water valves and safety related systems, - controls where the performance (for example the effect of EMC phenomena) of the product can impair the overall safety and performance of the controlled system, - the operating values, operating times, and operating sequences where such are associated with equipment safety. This document specifies the requirements for construction, operation and testing of electrically operated water valves used in, on, or in association with an equipment. This document contains requirements for electrical features of water valves and requirements for mechanical features of valves that affect their intended operation. This document does not • apply to electrically operated water valves intended exclusively for industrial process applications unless explicitly mentioned in the relevant Part 2 or the equipment standard. However, this document can be applied to evaluate automatic electrical controls intended specifically for industrial applications in cases where no relevant safety standard exists. • apply to - electrically operated water valves of nomi

This document specifies requirements for qualification of welding operators and weld setters for mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials.
This document does not apply to personnel who:
—     do not control or adjust welding parameters;
—     are not involved in the setup of welding equipment.
Qualification of welding operators and weld setters for friction stir welding and friction stir spot welding are covered by ISO 25239-3 and ISO 18785-3, respectively.

This document specifies requirements for ten classes, four grades and seven types of wire- or textile-reinforced hydraulic hoses and hose assemblies, of nominal sizes ranging from 5 to 102. Each class has a single maximum working pressure for all sizes.
They are suitable for use with:
—     oil-based hydraulic fluids HH, HL, HM, HR and HV, as defined in ISO 6743-4, at temperatures ranging from −40 °C to +100 °C for types AS, AC, BS and BC hoses and from −40 °C to +120 °C for types CS, CC and DC hoses;
—     water-based fluids HFC, HFAE, HFAS and HFB, as defined in ISO 6743-4, at temperatures ranging from −40 °C to +70 °C;
—     water at temperatures ranging from 0 °C to +70 °C.
This document does not specify requirements for the connection ends. It is limited to the performance of hoses and hose assemblies. The hose assembly maximum working pressure is governed by the lowest maximum working pressure of the components.
NOTE            It is the responsibility of the user, in consultation with the hose manufacturer, to establish the compatibility of the hose with the fluid to be used.

IEC 61203:2025 This document provides procedures and supervision for the use and maintenance of synthetic esters in transformers and other electrical equipment. This document includes recommendations on tests and evaluation procedures and outlines methods for reconditioning and reclaiming the liquid, when necessary

IEC 61300-3-46:2025 provides a standard for the measurement of guide pin bore and fibre bore diameters for rectangular ferrules used in connectors specified in the IEC 61754 series. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2011. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) addition of fibre bore measurement; b) addition of force gauge method; c) addition of Annex A on temperature dependence.

IEC 63522-18:2025 This part of IEC 63522 is used for testing along with the appropriate severities and conditions for measurements and tests designed to assess the ability of DUTs to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage and all aspects of operational use. The object of this test is to determine the thermal resistance of the relay coil.

IEC 61847:2025 specifies: – the essential non-thermal output characteristics of ultrasonic surgical units; – methods of measurement of these output characteristics; – those characteristics to be declared by the manufacturers of such equipment. This document is applicable to equipment which meets the criteria of a), b) and c) below: a) ultrasonic surgical systems operating in the frequency range 20 kHz to 120 kHz; and b) ultrasonic surgical systems whose use is the fragmentation, emulsification, debridement, or cutting of human tissue, whether or not those effects are delivered in conjunction with tissue removal or coagulation; and c) ultrasonic surgical systems in which an acoustic wave is conducted by means of a specifically designed wave guide to deliver energy to the surgical site. This document is not applicable to: – lithotripsy equipment which uses extracorporeally induced pressure pulses, focused through liquid conducting media and the soft tissues of the body; – surgical systems used as part of the therapeutic process (hyperthermia systems); – surgical systems whose mechanism of action is through frictional heat generated by tissue in contact with the wave guide, e.g. clamp coagulators or clamping vibrational cutters; – surgical systems whose mechanism of action is through focused ultrasound for either thermal degradation (high intensity focused ultrasound – HIFU or HITU) or cavitation erosion (Histotripsy) of tissue remote from the ultrasound transducer; – surgical systems whose mechanism of action is through erosion of hard tissues in contact with the applicator tip, e.g. bone cutting or drilling. This document does not deal with the effectiveness or safety of ultrasonic surgical systems. This document does not deal with airborne noise from the systems, which can affect operators and patients. IEC 61847:2025 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1998. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) The upper frequency covered by this document has been raised from 60 kHz to 120 kHz. b) The hydrophone method of measuring ultrasound power is now normative. Because of difficulties in using the calorimetry method of measuring ultrasound power, it is no longer the primary approach. c) It is recognised that some systems can have more than one mode of vibration under user control, and the measurement techniques and declarations have been updated to address this. d) The high-frequency component, which relates to cavitation developed at the applicator tip and the vibration amplitude at which cavitation occurs is addressed. e) Specific requirements for measurement at excursion levels where no cavitation is present, and extrapolation to maximum excursion level(s) are described. f) Guidance is provided to adapt the methodology described to more complex designs and vibration patterns, excursion directions, and their output characteristics. g) Guidance is provided with respect to measurement tank arrangements for different types of systems. h) The list of ultrasound methods and systems not covered by this document was extended to incorporate recent developments. i) Definitions for cavitation related terms were added. j) Requirements for the measurement of directivity characteristics of the applicator tip were changed. k) Annex A was modified and Figure A.1 wa

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-1

The present document specifies technical requirements, limits and test methods for Short Range Devices in the non-
specific category operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
The non specific SRD category is defined by the EU Commission Decision 2019/1345/EU [i.3] as:
"The non-specific short-range device category covers all kinds of radio devices, regardless of the application or the
purpose, which fulfil the technical conditions as specified for a given frequency band. Typical uses include telemetry,
telecommand, alarms, data transmissions in general and other applications".
These radio equipment types are capable of transmitting up to 500 mW effective radiated power and operating indoor or
outdoor.
NOTE: The relationship between the present document and the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] is given in Annex A

DEN/ERM-TG28-561

IEC 63461:2024 applies to laboratory model tests of any type of Pelton hydraulic turbine with unit power greater than 5 MW. It contains the rules governing test conduct and provides measures to be taken if any phase of the tests is disputed.
The main objectives of this document are:
- to define the terms and quantities used;
- to specify methods of testing and of measuring the quantities involved, in order to ascertain the hydraulic performance of the model;
- to specify the methods of computation of results and of comparison with guarantees;
- to determine if the contract guarantees that fall within the scope of this document have been fulfilled;
- and to define the extent, content and structure of the final report.
Full application of the procedures herein described is not generally justified for machines with smaller power. Nevertheless, this document can be used for such machines by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.

IEC TR 63515:2025 provides a conceptual framework for power system resilience. It covers the definition, evaluation metrics and methods, improvement strategies and uses cases of power system resilience. This document is applicable to developing resilient power system and implementing resilience improvement strategies.
This document is not exhaustive, and it is possible to consider other aspects, such as different application scenarios, evaluation methods, and improvement measures.

IEC TR 62282-7-3:2025 is a generic assessment of the feasibility of standardizing accelerated test procedures (both proton exchange membrane (PEM) and oxide ion-conducting solid oxide cell (SOC) technologies) for fuel cell stacks that have been engineered for a specific system application. This document comprises a review of literature and projects, a discussion of the main physical phenomena of interest in accelerated testing campaigns (focusing on the cell and stack levels, not looking at the system as a black box), a compendium of measurement techniques that are applicable, and it suggests a macroscopic approach to the formulation of a representative accelerated testing campaign.

IEC TS 62271-315:2025 is applicable to direct current (DC) transfer switches designed for indoor or outdoor installation and for operation on HVDC transmission systems having direct voltages of 100 kV and above. DC transfer switches normally include metallic return transfer switches (MRTS), earth return transfer switches (ERTS), neutral bus switches (NBS) and neutral bus earthing switches (NBES).

IEC PAS 62443-2-2: 2025 provides guidance on the development, validation, operation, and maintenance of a set of technical, physical, and process security measures called Security Protection Scheme (SPS). The document’s goal is to provide the asset owner implementing an IACS Security Program (SP) with mechanisms and procedures to ensure that the design, implementation and operation of an SPS manage the risks resulting from cyberthreats to each of the IACS included in its operating facility.
The document is based on contents specified in other documents of the IEC 62443 series and explains how these contents can be used to support the development of technical, physical, and process security measures addressing the risks to the IACS during the operation phase.

IEC TR 61850-90-30:2025, which is a Technical Report, describes extensions of the SCL Substation/Process Section allowing the creation of a comprehensive, IED and hardware independent specification of an IEC 61850 based power system.
It addresses how to:
• decompose functions in SCL
• show function classifications in SCL
• relate functions with the SCL Substation and Process Section
• relate functions to Logical Nodes and IEDs/Specification IEDs
• present information flow between functions in a hardware/implementation independent way
• position Functions in relation to "Application Schemes", "Distributed Functions", "Protection Schemes"
• consider the relationship to Basic Application Profiles (BAP) defined in IEC TR 61850-7-6
The document addresses the engineering process as far as it is related to the specification of Functions and their instantiation in IEC 61850 based power system. This includes the impact on the SCL Process Section during system configuration.
The engineering process related to the definition of Applications and their instantiation is addressed in the Basic Application Profile Document (BAP) in IEC TR 61850-7-6.
The System Configuration process is described in IEC 61850-6.
Modifications and extensions of SCL are done in a way to guarantee backwards compatibility.
In addition, this document introduces:
• Some further elements to SCL that improve the content and usefulness of SSD files and facilitate the handling of SCL files for engineering purposes,
• New variants of IED specific files: ISD file and FSD files,
• Evolution of the engineering rights management, to first improve the usage of SED and add a new concept of System Configuration Collaboration (SCC file) which allows collaboration on the same project with different engineers.

IEC 60050-831:2025 gives the terms and definitions used in smart cities and smart city systems, as well as general terms pertaining to specific applications and associated technologies. This terminology is consistent with the terminology developed in the other specialized parts of the IEV. It has the status of a horizontal standard in accordance with IEC Guide 108.

IEC 62276:2025 applies to the manufacture of synthetic quartz, lithium niobate (LN), lithium tantalate (LT), lithium tetraborate (LBO), and lanthanum gallium silicate (LGS) single crystal wafers intended for use as substrates in the manufacture of surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters and resonators.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The terms and definitions, the technical requirements, sampling frequency, test methods and measurement of transmittance, lightness, colour difference for LN and LT have been added in order to meet the needs of industry development;
b) The term “inclusion” (mentioned in 4.13 and 6.10) and its definition have been added because there was no definition for it in Clause 3;
c) The specification of LTV and PLTV, and the corresponding description of sampling frequency for LN and LT have been added, because they are the key performance parameters for the wafers;
d) The tolerance of Curie temperature specification for LN and LT have been added in order to meet the development requirements of the industry;
e) Measurement of thickness, TV5, TTV, LTV and PLTV have been completed, including measurement principle and method of thickness, TV5, TTV, LTV and PLTV.

IEC 61000-4-2: 2025 relates to the immunity requirements and test methods for electrical and electronic equipment subjected to static electricity discharges from operators directly and from personnel to adjacent objects. It additionally specifies ranges of test levels which relate to different environmental, and installation conditions and establishes test procedures. The objective of this document is to establish a common and reproducible basis for evaluating the performance of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to electrostatic discharges. In addition, it includes electrostatic discharges which can occur from personnel to objects near the equipment. This document specifies:
- ideal waveform of the discharge current;
- range of test levels;
- test equipment;
- test setup;
- test procedure;
- calibration procedure;
- measurement uncertainty.
This document gives specifications for tests performed in laboratories and guidance to post-installation tests. This document is not intended to specify the tests to be applied to particular apparatus or systems. The main aim is to give a general basic reference to all concerned product committees. The product committees remain responsible for the appropriate choice of the tests and the severity level to be applied to their equipment. This document excludes tests intended to evaluate the ESD sensitivity of devices during handling and packaging. It is not intended for use in characterizing the performance of ESD protection circuit IEC Guide 107.
This document forms Part 4-2 of IEC 61000. It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) added a calibration requirement for ESD generators with air discharge tip;
b) added a normative annex for test setups for particular kind of equipment (see Annex I);
c) added an informative annex for wearable devices (see Annex J);
d) added an informative annex on how to select test points and give guidance on how to specify the number of pulses for direct contact discharges (see Annex E);
e) moved Clause 9 into a new informative annex (see Annex K);
f) improvement of the current calibration procedure;
g) improvement of the measurement uncertainty considerations with examples of uncertainty budgets;
h) because post-installation tests cannot be performed in a controlled environment, this test method has been moved into a new informative Annex G.

IEC 62282-7-2:2025 applies to SOFC cell/stack assembly units, testing systems, instruments and measuring methods, and specifies test methods to test the performance of SOFC cells and stacks. This document is not applicable to small button cells that are designed for SOFC material testing and provide no practical means of fuel utilization measurement. This document is used based on the recommendation of the entity that provides the cell performance specification or for acquiring data on a cell or stack in order to estimate the performance of a system based on it. Users of this document can selectively execute test items suitable for their purposes from those described in this document.

REN/MSG-TFES-15-3

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Different electroplating systems can be corroded under the same conditions for the same length of time. Differences in the average values of the radius or half-width or of penetration into an underlying metal layer are significant measures of the relative corrosion resistance of the systems. Thus, if the pit radii are substantially higher on samples with a given electroplating system, when compared to other systems, a tendency for earlier failure of the former by formation of visible pits is indicated. If penetration into the semi-bright nickel layer is substantially higher, a tendency for earlier failure by corrosion of basis metal is evident.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a means for measuring the average dimensions and number of corrosion sites in an electroplated decorative nickel plus chromium or copper plus nickel plus chromium coating on steel after the coating has been subjected to corrosion tests. This test method is useful for comparing the relative corrosion resistances of different electroplating systems and for comparing the relative corrosivities of different corrosive environments. The numbers and sizes of corrosion sites are related to deterioration of appearance. Penetration of the electroplated coatings leads to appearance of basis metal corrosion products.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers three types of aluminum-pigmented asphalt roof coatings suitable for application to roofing or masonry surfaces by brush or spray. Type I is nonfibered, Type II is fibered with asbestos, and Type III is fibered other than asbestos. The coatings shall adhere to chemical requirements such as composition limits for water, nonvolatile matter, metallic aluminum, and insolubility in CS2. They shall also meet physical requirements as to uniformity, consistency, and luminous reflectance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt-based, aluminum-pigmented roof coatings suitable for application to roofing or masonry surfaces by brush or spray.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the manufacture, testing, and performance requirements of two types of asphalt-based emulsions for use in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces. Type I are quick-setting emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to water within a few days after application and drying. Type II, on the other hand, are emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to the weather, only after application and drying. Upon being sampled appropriately, the materials shall conform to composition requirements as to density, residue by evaporation, nonvolatile matter soluble in trichloroethylene, and ash and water content. They shall also adhere to performance requirements as to uniformity, consistency, stability, wet flow, firm set, heat test, flexibility, resistance to water, and loss of adhesion.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for application in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The force required to separate a metallic coating from its plastic substrate is determined by the interaction of several factors: the generic type and quality of the plastic molding compound, the molding process, the process used to prepare the substrate for electroplating, and the thickness and mechanical properties of the metallic coating. By holding all others constant, the effect on the peel strength by a change in any one of the above listed factors may be noted. Routine use of the test in a production operation can detect changes in any of the above listed factors.  
4.2 The peel test values do not directly correlate to the adhesion of metallic coatings on the actual product.  
4.3 When the peel test is used to monitor the coating process, a large number of plaques should be molded at one time from a same batch of molding compound used in the production moldings to minimize the effects on the measurements of variations in the plastic and the molding process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method gives two procedures for measuring the force required to peel a metallic coating from a plastic substrate.2 One procedure (Procedure A) utilizes a universal testing machine and yields reproducible measurements that can be used in research and development, in quality control and product acceptance, in the description of material and process characteristics, and in communications. The other procedure (Procedure B) utilizes an indicating force instrument that is less accurate and that is sensitive to operator technique. It is suitable for process control use.  
1.2 The tests are performed on standard molded plaques. This method does not cover the testing of production electroplated parts.  
1.3 The tests do not necessarily measure the adhesion of a metallic coating to a plastic substrate because in properly prepared test specimens, separation usually occurs in the plastic just beneath the coating-substrate interface rather than at the interface. It does, however, reflect the degree that the process is controlled.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing certain petroleum products, as one element in establishing uniformity of shipments and sources of supply.  
5.2 See Guide D117 for applicability to mineral oils used as electrical insulating oils.  
5.3 The Saybolt Furol viscosity is approximately one tenth the Saybolt Universal viscosity, and is recommended for characterization of petroleum products such as fuel oils and other residual materials having Saybolt Universal viscosities greater than 1000 s.  
5.4 Determination of the Saybolt Furol viscosity of bituminous materials at higher temperatures is covered by Test Method E102/E102M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the empirical procedures for determining the Saybolt Universal or Saybolt Furol viscosities of petroleum products at specified temperatures between 21 and 99 °C [70 and 210 °F]. A special procedure for waxy products is indicated.  
Note 1: Test Methods D445 and D2170/D2170M are preferred for the determination of kinematic viscosity. They require smaller samples and less time, and provide greater accuracy. Kinematic viscosities may be converted to Saybolt viscosities by use of the tables in Practice D2161. It is recommended that viscosity indexes be calculated from kinematic rather than Saybolt viscosities.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion are used, for example, for design purposes and to determine if failure by thermal stress may occur when a solid body composed of two different materials is subjected to temperature variations.  
5.2 This test method is comparable to Test Method D3386 for testing electrical insulation materials, but it covers a more general group of solid materials and it defines test conditions more specifically. This test method uses a smaller specimen and substantially different apparatus than Test Methods E228 and D696.  
5.3 This test method may be used in research, specification acceptance, regulatory compliance, and quality assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the technical coefficient of linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermomechanical analysis techniques.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such that the sensing probe does not produce indentation of the specimen.  
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 μm/(m·°C). The test method may be used at lower (or negative) expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see Section 12).  
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from −120 °C to 900 °C. The temperature range may be extended depending upon the instrumentation and calibration materials used.  
1.5 SI units are the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure. The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose. Types used to identify the principal polymer component of the sheet include: type I - ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, and type II - butyl. The sheet shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and other compounding ingredients. The thickness, tensile strength, elongation, tensile set, tear resistance, brittleness temperature, and linear dimensional change shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The water absorption, factory seam strength, water vapour permeance, hardness durometer, resistance to soil burial, resistance to heat aging, and resistance to puncture shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure.  
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Motor O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under severe conditions of operation.  
5.2 Motor O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.  
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1, k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-octane number determinations.  
5.2.2 Motor O.N., in conjunction with Research O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the United States, and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.3 Motor O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.  
5.4 Motor O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.  
5.5 Motor O.N. is utilized to determine, by correlation equation, the Aviation method O.N. or performance number (lean-mixture aviation rating) of aviation spark-ignition engine fuel.7
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number, including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane number.  
1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number, but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90 Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels produced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102 Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Motor octane number range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3(6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8. ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Research O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under mild conditions of operation.  
5.2 Research O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.  
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1,  k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-O.N. determinations.  
5.2.2 Research O.N., in conjunction with Motor O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the Road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the U.S., and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.2.3 Research O.N. is also used either alone or in conjunction with other factors to define the Road O.N. capabilities of spark-ignition engine fuels for vehicles operating in areas of the world other than the United States.  
5.3 Research O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.  
5.4 Research O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.  
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Gu...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The edgewise compressive strength of short sandwich construction specimens provides a basis for judging the load-carrying capacity of the construction in terms of developed facing stress.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining sandwich edgewise compressive strengths for panel design properties, material specifications, research and development applications, and quality assurance.  
5.3 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence edgewise compressive strength to be reported; these include materials, fabrication method, facesheet lay-up orientation (if composite), core orientation, results of any nondestructive inspections, specimen preparation, test equipment details, specimen dimensions and associated measurement accuracy, environmental conditions, speed of testing, failure mode, and failure location.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the compressive properties of structural sandwich construction in a direction parallel to the sandwich facing plane. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

RTS/TSGC-0329521vh50

RTS/TSGC-0329523vh70

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-2

This document covers internal arc-fault control devices, hereinafter referred to as IACD, which are intended to: - detect internal arc-faults in low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies, by processing (at a minimum) the optical effect of an internal arc-fault, and - operate mitigation device (either external or combined) in order to minimize the effects of the internal arc-fault (see Figure 1). For the purpose of this document the terms "light" or "optical" covers more than visible spectra. They may cover also, for example, infrared or ultraviolet electromagnetic radiations (see Annex D). For combined-type IACD, this document is considered in addition to the relevant product standard for internal arc-fault mitigation devices (IARD per IEC TS 63107:2020). Compliance to the relevant product standard is mandatory and cannot be claimed by testing to this document alone. NOTE 1 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies are usually described by IEC 61439 series. [Figure 1] Therefore, this document covers the following: - internal arc-fault control device (stand-alone, multifunction or combined); - one or more associated sensor(s) used to detect optical effect of the internal arc-fault; - sensor(s), sensing another physical effect, to confirm the fault; - associated or combined mitigation device. An IACD is not intended to trigger under normal operation of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear (i.e. absence of internal arc-fault), including normal arcing associated with operation of disconnecting and switching devices. This document only covers the following methods: - optical detection of the light caused by an internal arc-fault; - optional confirmation of internal arc-fault by line current measurement. Many different conductive materials could be used in LV assemblies (e.g. steel, copper, aluminium). Nevertheless, tests specified in this document are deemed to represent the most critical and challenging conditions for arc-detection and cover all combinations of conductive materials. NOTE 2 Compared to other materials (e.g. steel, aluminium), copper leads to a lower optical radiation energy. The rated voltage of the assembly in which an IACD is installed does not exceed 1 000 V AC. Such devices are designed to be operated and maintained by skilled persons only. This document does not cover: - DC internal arc-fault detection and control; - overcurrent relays; - AFDD (arc-fault detection devices) as defined by IEC 62606; - guidance on installation within assemblies; NOTE 3 The integration of an IACD into an assembly is described in IEC TS 63107. - use with additional measures needed for installation and operation within explosive atmospheres. These are given in IEC 60079 series documents; - requirements for embedded software and firmware design rules; for this subject, the manufacturer is responsible for taking additional safety measures; NOTE 4 IEC TR 63201 describes rules for firmware and embedded software development preventing errors in software. - cybersecurity aspects; for this subject, the manufacturer is responsible for taking additional safety measures; NOTE 5 See IEC TS 63208. - mobile applications. NOTE 6 Even when addressing internal arc-fault mitigation devices, this document does not supersede any other relevant product standard (e.g. IEC 60947-2 or IEC 60947-9-1). NOTE 7 DC arcing fault phenomena are under consideration. Further investigation is needed to comprehend DC arcing phenomena and required sensing.

RTS/LI-00190-2

RTS/TSGR-0534229-1ve80

RTS/TSGR-0534229-2ve80