ISO - International Organization for Standardization

This document sets out principles and procedures for testing the bias of test samples of coals or cokes, taken according to the ISO 13909 series.

This document specifies methods and metrics for assessing the accuracy and precision of 3D scanned data for use in 3D printing, throughout the full 3D printing lifecycle. This document focuses mainly on 3D scanned data from computed tomography. Computed tomography can acquire information concerning the internal structures, regional density, orientation and/or alignment of scanning objects, as well as their shape and appearance. This document is applicable to the assessment of image-based modelling, segmentation, and 3D models. This document is not intended to assess the 3D printed product itself.

This document gives requirements and guidance on security controls and implementation for third-party payment service providers (TPPSPs). This document deals with the overall security controls of TPPSPs from developing and testing to installing, operating and auditing the system. These security controls consist of: — security governance controls; — cross-functional controls; — function-specific controls.

This document specifies a procedure for the determination of fluorine in copper and zinc sulfide concentrates by sodium hydroxide fusion and fluoride ion selective electrode (FISE) detection. Fluoride ions are leached from the sodium hydroxide fusion and presented to the FISE. Potential interfering ions are masked by the use of a complexing agent and control of solution pH. If the aluminium content in the concentrate is up to a mass fraction of 4,5 %, there is no effect of aluminium in this method. However, if the aluminium content in the concentrate exceeds a mass fraction of 4,5 %, there is a possibility that it can affect the analytical results. The method is applicable to fluorine in the following ranges: — copper concentrates: mass fraction of 0,008 % to 0,3 %; — zinc concentrates: mass fraction of 0,005 % to 0,1 %. The results of the trueness test can be found in Annex C.

This document specifies requirements for the measurement of preheating temperature, interpass temperature and preheat maintenance temperature for fusion welding. This document can also be applied as appropriate in the case of other welding processes. This document does not apply to the measurement of post weld heat treatment temperatures.

This document provides procedures for monitoring the dose to the skin, the extremities, and the lens of the eye. It gives guidance on how to decide if such dosemeters are needed and to ensure that individual monitoring is appropriate to the nature of the exposure, taking practical considerations into account. This document specifies procedures for individual monitoring of radiation exposure of the skin of the body, extremities (skin of the hands, fingers, wrists, forearms including elbow, lower leg including patella, feet and ankles), and lens of the eye in planned exposure situations. It covers practices which involve a risk of exposure to photons in the range of 8 keV to 10 MeV, electrons and positrons in the range of 0,07 MeV to 1,2 MeV mean beta energies being equivalent to 0,22 MeV and 3,6 MeV beta maximum energy - in accordance to the ISO 6980 series, and neutrons in the range of thermal to 20 MeV. This document gives guidance for the design of a monitoring programme to ensure compliance with legal individual dose limits. It refers to the appropriate operational dose quantities, and it gives guidance on the type and frequency of individual monitoring and the type and positioning of the dosemeter. Finally, different approaches to assess and analyse skin, extremity, and lens of the eye doses are given. It is not in the scope of this document to consider exposure due to alpha radiation fields. NOTE 1 The requirements for the monitoring of the occupational exposure may be given in national regulations. NOTE 2 Dose to the lens of the eye due to intake of tritium is not in the scope of this document. Moreover, the situation of the workers that work in contaminated atmosphere and can have alpha and/or radon eye lens dose is also not in the scope.

This document specifies a reference method for the determination of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions into indoor air from floor covering adhesives and products used for flooring installation. This method is used to determine volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds, and volatile aldehydes. It is based on the use of a test chamber and subsequent analysis of an air sample for organic compounds by GC-MS respectively HPLC. The main purpose of the test procedure is to obtain relevant performance data for the classification of flooring adhesives and products used for the installation of floor coverings with respect to low VOC emissions during the use phase of the flooring.

This document specifies general requirements for basic chemicals and raw materials of basic chemicals resulting from chemical recycling of organic materials. This document does not provide specific requirements for materials covered by other ISO technical committees.

This document provides requirements and guidance for implementing a safety and sustainability management system for commercial shipping on inland waterways. The document is tailored toward navigation on the inland waterways, including but not limited to rivers and lakes. It applies to freight, cruise, ferries and passenger vessels larger than 24 m in length on inland waterways and land-based operations supporting ships. This document is aligned with the ISM Code[14] and is also applicable to sea going vessels when sailing on inland waterways.

This document specifies approved algorithms for the encipherment of personal identification numbers (PINs).

This document defines terms used in conjunction with, and the general principles of, test methods for determining the laser-induced damage threshold and for the assurance of optical laser components subjected to laser radiation.

This document specifies the laboratory test method for screening anti-fouling paints in a flow-through system using algae as the test organism. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 21716-1, which specifies the general requirements of the test methods described in the other parts of the ISO 21716 series. The purpose of the test specified in this document is to determine the difference in colour of algae on painted test panels compared with algae on inert non-toxic control panels under the test conditions.

This document specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification is qualified based on a pre-production welding test. This document is applicable to arc welding, gas welding, beam welding, resistance welding, stud welding and friction welding of metallic materials.

This document specifies the apparatus, materials, specimen preparation, procedures, results and reports for testing the corrosion test of steel bars. This document includes an evaluation method. This document applies to reinforced concrete structures exposed simultaneously to atmospheric, splash, tidal, immersion, and buried zones in marine environments. NOTE Annex A provides test apparatus examples. Annex B illustrates test results.

This document establishes the specification of the Basic image interchange format (BIIF). This document provides a foundation for interoperability in the interchange of imagery and imagery-related data among applications. It also provides a detailed description of the overall structure of the format, as well as specification of the valid data and format for all fields defined with BIIF. Annex C contains a Model Profile of BIIF in tables to assist in profile development. The scope and field of application of this document includes the capability to perpetuate a proven interchange capability in support of commercial and government imagery, Programmer’s Imaging Kernel System (PIKS) data, and other imagery technology domains in that priority order. This document provides a data format container for image, symbol, and text, along with a mechanism for including image-related support data. This document: — provides a means whereby diverse applications can share imagery and associated information; — allows an application to exchange comprehensive information to users with diverse needs or capabilities, allowing each user to select only those data items that correspond to their needs and capabilities; — minimizes preprocessing and postprocessing of data; — minimizes formatting overhead, particularly for those applications exchanging only a small amount of data and for bandwidth-limited systems; — provides a mechanism (Transportable File Structure, TFS) to interchange PIKS image and image-related objects; — provides extensibility to accommodate future data, including objects.

This document specifies the system layer of the coding. It was developed principally to support the combination of the video and audio coding methods defined in Parts 2 and 3 of ISO/IEC 13818. The system layer supports six basic functions: 1) the synchronization of multiple compressed streams on decoding; 2) the interleaving of multiple compressed streams into a single stream; 3) the initialization of buffering for decoding start up; 4) continuous buffer management; 5) time identification; 6) multiplexing and signalling of various components in a system stream. A Rec. ITU-T H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 multiplexed bit stream is either a transport stream or a program stream. Both streams are constructed from PES packets and packets containing other necessary information. Both stream types support multiplexing of video and audio compressed streams from one program with a common time base. The transport stream additionally supports the multiplexing of video and audio compressed streams from multiple programs with independent time bases. For almost error-free environments the program stream is generally more appropriate, supporting software processing of program information. The transport stream is more suitable for use in environments where errors are likely. A Rec. ITU-T H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 multiplexed bit stream, whether a transport stream or a program stream, is constructed in two layers: the outermost layer is the system layer, and the innermost is the compression layer. The system layer provides the functions necessary for using one or more compressed data streams in a system. The video and audio parts of this Specification define the compression coding layer for audio and video data. Coding of other types of data is not defined by this Specification, but is supported by the system layer provided that the other types of data adhere to the constraints defined in 2.7.

This document covers performance, marking requirements and test methods for a flexible sprinkler hose with fittings, attachments and anchoring components intended for direct connection to a single fire sprinkler in installations utilizing a flexible attachment to the sprinkler system piping such as clean rooms, suspended ceilings, and exhaust ducts.

This document provides principles and a framework for the specification, performance, production and execution of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). This document applies to concrete for structures cast in situ, pre-cast structures and non-structural concrete. The concrete can be mixed on site, ready-mixed concrete or produced in a plant for pre-cast concrete products.

This document specifies dimensions for heel guidings in large stamping and forming dies. It also gives example applications and an example for ordering.

This document specifies requirements for dried lime (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle, Citrus latifolia Tanaka, family Rutaceae) in whole, slices and ground form. This document is also applicable to lime that has been dehydrated by the sun and artificially dried lime. Recommendations relating to storage and transport conditions are given in Annex A.

This document specifies the two-step Toet method for the determination of the derived displacement of hydraulic fluid power positive displacement pumps and motors under steady-state conditions. A value for the derived displacement is determined from measurements at multiple shaft speeds.

This document specifies the requirements and characteristics of round and flat wire used for strengthening the bead of all kinds of tyres.

This document specifies frequency and methods for the verification of pendulum impact-testing machines used for the Charpy impact test, Izod impact test, and tensile impact test described in ISO 179-1, ISO 180 and ISO 8256, respectively. Verification of instrumented impact machines is covered insofar as the geometrical and physical properties of instrumented machines are identical to non-instrumented machines. The force/work verification of instrumented machines is not covered in this document. This document is applicable to pendulum-type impact-testing machines, of different capacities and/or designs, with the geometrical and physical properties specified in REF Section_sec_5 \r \h Clause 5. Methods are specified for verification of the geometrical and physical properties of the different parts of the test machine. These methods are for use when the machine is being installed, has been repaired, has been moved, or is undergoing periodic checking.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the chlorine and bromine content of liquid petroleum products, synthetic oils and fluids, and additives for petroleum products (including used oils) that are soluble in organic solvents of negligible or accurately known chlorine/bromine content. The method is applicable to products or additives with chlorine content in the range of a mass fraction of 0,000 5 % to 0,100 0 %, and bromine contents in the range of a mass fraction of 0,001 0 % to 0,100 0 %.

This document specifies the minimum requirements for airworthiness approval of air cargo pallets, nets and containers, generally designated as air cargo unit load devices (ULD). This document is intended to provide a uniform technical reference for air cargo unit load devices approval. As a prerequisite, it is presupposed that the applicable general civil aviation requirements and the aircraft manufacturer’s approved Weight and Balance Manual are followed. This document defines the minimum performance requirements and test parameters for air cargo unit load devices requiring approval of airworthiness for installation in an approved aircraft cargo compartment and restraint system that complies with the cargo restraint and occupant protection requirements of CCAR 25, EASA CS-25 or 14 CFR Part 25, except for the 9,0 g forward ultimate inertia force of § 25.561 (b) (3) (ii). This document applies to airworthiness approved air cargo unit load devices intended for carriage on board civil transport category airplanes type certificated under CCAR 25, EASA CS-25 or 14 CFR Part 25, or equivalent. This document exclusively applies to unit load devices airworthiness approval and testing parameters. It does not apply to aircraft design or aircraft operating requirements, which are provided by the approved Weight and Balance Manual for each aircraft type. Other aspects that do not directly pertain to air cargo unit load devices airworthiness approval and testing are not covered by this document, e.g.: — ULD design specifications; — ULD in service damage limits; — ULD restraint malfunction limitations; — ULD test methods; — ULD load distribution models; — ULD maximum allowable contours; — ULD CG (centre for gravity) location control means; — ULD pressure equalization methods; — ULD utilization guidelines. NOTE The requirements for cargo covers are not defined in this document, except insofar as net restraint is incorporated therein.

This document provides guidance on the prevention of hydrogen assisted brittle fracture, known as hydrogen embrittlement (HE), that results from the manufacturing process or operating conditions. This document is applicable to components or parts made of high strength steels. This document provides guidance on the relationship between material selection, manufacturing (including heat treatment) and coating. NOTE 1 For hot-dip galvanizing components, see ISO 14713-2. NOTE 2 This document does not consider applications under pressurised hydrogen.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the gross calorific value of coal and coke at constant volume and at the reference temperature of 25 °C in a combustion vessel calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified benzoic acid. The result obtained is the gross calorific value of the analysis sample at constant volume with all the water of the combustion products as liquid water. In practice, fuel is burned at constant (atmospheric) pressure and the water is not condensed but is removed as vapour with the flue gases. Under these conditions, the operative heat of combustion is the net calorific value of the fuel at constant pressure. The net calorific value at constant volume can also be used; formulae are given for calculating both values. General principles and procedures for the calibrations and the fuel tests are specified in the main text, whereas those pertaining to the use of a particular type of calorimetric instrument are described in Annexes A to C. Annex D contains checklists for performing calibration and fuel tests using specified types of calorimeters. Annex E gives examples illustrating some of the calculations. Annex F provides guidance around safe use, maintenance and testing of the calorimeter combustion vessel. NOTE Descriptors: solid fuels, coal, coke, tests, determination, calorific value, rules of calculation, calorimetry.

This document specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS) is qualified by welding procedure tests. This document applies to production welding, repair welding and build-up welding. This document defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the qualification of this document. This document applies to the arc welding of wrought and cast aluminium and its alloys. In this document the term aluminium stands for aluminium and for aluminium alloys. This document does not apply to finishing welding of aluminium castings, which is addressed in ISO 15614-4. Arc welding of aluminium is covered by the following welding processes in accordance with ISO 4063:2023: 131 — MIG welding with solid wire electrode; 141 — TIG welding with solid filler material (wire/rod); 142 — Autogenous TIG welding; 15 — plasma arc welding.

This document sets and defines the minimum requirements for registration of data acquired from process monitoring and for quality control in additive manufacturing (AM), including the description of a procedure. Furthermore, this document comprises actions that users shall execute to register multi-modal AM data and store them in an appropriate repository. This document is not applicable for data cleansing, sensor calibration, and image processing. This document is only applicable for data gathered and generated from non-destructive test methods and sensors, e.g. X-ray computer tomography (XCT), thermal sensor, cameras and coordinate measuring machines (CMM). This document is only applicable to metallic parts produced by means of laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB); nevertheless, the procedures described in this document can be applied to monitor other AM processes and materials (e.g. directed energy deposition, polymer or ceramic powder bed fusion, binder jetting, and photopolymerization), but this document does not provide any data or case studies for them.

This document specifies a method of determining the amount of mineral matter in all types of coal, including brown coals and lignites.

This document provides requirements to identify visible imperfections and defines three preparation grades for welds, edges and surfaces of steel to assist in achieving efficient corrosion protection. Such imperfections can be visible before or can become visible after an abrasive blast cleaning process. NOTE Although this document has been developed specifically for preparation of steel, the defined preparation grades will generally be appropriate for use when preparing other metal surfaces e.g. aluminium, castings, if agreed.

This document specifies the equipment and procedures for determining the mechanical properties at sub-ambient temperatures from −196 °C to 25 °C, subject to the possible temperature limitation of the test specimens. It is not applicable to products which experience dimensional changes during the test due to the loss of hydration water or which undergo other phase changes.

This document specifies the zero-pressure intercept method for the determination of the derived displacement of hydraulic fluid power positive displacement pumps and motors under steady state conditions. A single value for the derived displacement is determined from measurements at a single shaft speed.

This document: — specifies a reference land administration domain model (LADM) covering basic information-related components of spatial plan information on land/water and elements below/on/above the surface of the Earth with 2D/3D/4D (3D + time) geometric representation; — provides an abstract, conceptual model with packages related to: — plan unit, i.e. the smallest homogenous area/space (2D/3D/4D) with assigned function/purpose, e.g. office, education, retail; — plan block, i.e. a set of neighbouring plan units decided on by planning authorities, e.g. high-density residential area, nature area, heavy industry area; — plan group unit, i.e. areas corresponding to the higher planning levels; — plan group, i.e. hierarchy in spatial plans consisting of multiple plan blocks, e.g.: — continent/regional-wide (e.g. European regions), — country-wide (e.g. Indonesia, the Netherlands), — island, — state or region province, — municipality or city, and — urban or rural; — permit, i.e. something that is granted to a party which gives the party permission to undertake an activity which would otherwise be restricted; — defines terminology for spatial plan information as part of land administration, based on various national and international systems, that is as simple as possible in order to be useful in practice. The terminology allows a shared description of different formal or informal practices and procedures in various jurisdictions; — provides a platform for comparison and monitoring of spatial planning information based on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators; — provides an approach to modelling the integration of spatial plan information (outputs of spatial plans) into land administration; — provides a basis for national and regional profiles; — enables the combining of land-use planning and land development planning in land administration information from different sources in a coherent manner; — allows for the relationship to multiple parties and groups to be expressed together with a referencing structure so that the sourcing of all information systems can be maintained. It reuses core LADM classes so that sourcing of all information systems can be maintained; — establishes the common elements and basic schema for spatial plan information upon which a more detailed schema can be established. NOTE This document does not interfere with (national) and sub-national spatial planning laws.

This document specifies a procedure for the use of quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), including single-quadrupole instruments and tandem ICP-MS/MS, for analysing test solutions prepared from samples of airborne particulate matter collected as specified in ISO 15202-1. Method development, performance checks and a routine analysis method are specified in this document NOTE 1 Other types of ICP-MS (e.g. magnetic sector) are outside of the scope of this document. Test solutions for analysis by this document are prepared as specified in ISO 15202-2. This document is applicable to the assessment of workplace exposure to metals and metalloids for comparison with limit values (e.g. see EN 689[ REF Reference_ref_21 \r \h 10 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000110000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F00320031000000 ] and ASTM E1370[ REF Reference_ref_19 \r \h 8 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000110000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F00310039000000 ]). This document is not applicable to the determination of elemental mercury, since mercury vapour is not collected using the sampling method specified in ISO 15202-1. The procedure specified in this document is suitable for the assessment of exposure against the long-term exposure limits for most of the metals and metalloids for which occupational exposure limit values have been set, when sampling at a typical flow rate of at least 2 l min−1 for sampling times in the range 0,25 h to 8 h and for the assessment of exposure against the short-term exposure limits, where applicable. NOTE 2 The procedure is subject to no significant spectral interferences (see Clause A.3), provided that suitable analytical isotopes are used. However, inadequate matrix-matching can adversely affect results.

This document specifies: — How to uniquely identify Digital Items (and parts thereof); — How to uniquely identify IP related to the Digital Items (and parts thereof), for example abstractions; — How to express the relationship between the two above identifiers; — How to deal with varying levels of functional granularity for Digital Item identifiers; — How to uniquely identify description schemes; — The relationship between Digital Items (and parts thereof) and existing identification systems. Annex C contains a list of relevant identification systems. This is not an exhaustive list and is subject to change over time; — How to express the relationship between two Digital Items. This document does not specify: — New identification systems for the content elements for which identification and description schemes already exist and are in use (e.g. this document does not attempt to replace the ISRC, as defined in ISO 3901, for sound recordings); — Normative description schemes for describing content.

This document specifies a method of determining the total carbon and the total hydrogen in coal and coke, by the Liebig method.

This document specifies a method for the gas chromatographic determination of menthol in the total particulate matter (TPM) of mentholated cigarette mainstream smoke with a smoking regime according to ISO 3308 (standard smoking regime). The smoking of cigarettes and the collection of TPM from the mainstream smoke are carried out in accordance with ISO 4387 with some exceptions (see Annex A). Encapsulated menthol in specific products can lead to specific handling not described in this document.

This document specifies methods to determine 226Ra by alpha spectrometry in supply water, drinking water, rainwater, surface and ground water, marine water, as well as cooling water, industrial water, domestic, and industrial wastewater after proper sampling, handling and test sample preparation. The detection limit depends on the sample volume, the instrument used, the background count rate, the detection efficiency, the counting time and the chemical yield. The detection limit of the methods described in this document, using currently available alpha spectrometry apparatus, is equal to or lesser than 3 mBq·l−1 (or mBq·kg−1), which is lower than the WHO criteria for safe consumption of drinking water (1 Bq·l−1)[ REF Reference_ref_12 \r \h 4 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000110000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F00310032000000 ]. This value can typically be achieved with a counting time of 48 h for a test sample volume of 40 ml. The method described in this document is applicable in the event of an emergency situation. Filtration of the test sample is necessary for the methods described in this document if suspended solids are present. The analysis of 226Ra adsorbed to suspended matter is not covered by this method, because it requires a mineralization step. In this case, the measurement is made on the different phases obtained. The final activity is the sum of all the measured activity concentrations. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for the water samples tested.

This document specifies ways in which rare earths can be traced as they move through the supply chain between the separated products to rare earth permanent magnets, or otherwise to be further processed. The documented traceability information is applicable to purchasers, suppliers, and users of rare earth permanent magnets to identify parties in the supply chain who have processed a given shipment of rare earth material, the location of that rare earth material as it passes between supply chain nodes. The documented traceability information is also applicable to supply chain actors and end users who use this information to check the validity of any claims made on the rare earth permanent magnets concerning sustainability, environmental impact, or recycled material content.

This document specifies a method of determining the characteristic fusion temperatures of ash from hard coal. NOTE Descriptors: fossil fuels, ash, ashes, tests, high temperature tests, determination, and fusibility.

This document specifies general and detailed requirements for bellows used in space systems. It establishes requirements regarding material, design, analysis, fabrication, material, testing, inspection, and operation for space use. This document is applicable to metallic bellows which are used as pressure bearing components and are integrated into a pressure system. This document is not applicable to engine bellows or valve bellows.

This document specifies calibration methods for a pyranometer using a pyrheliometer as a reference instrument. Three methods are specified in this document. a) Alternating sun and shade method. This method uses a shading disc to alternately shade and unshade a pyranometer to compare with the tracking pyrheliometer. The test pyranometer can be horizontal, on a fixed tilt or tracking alongside the pyrheliometer. b) Continuous sun and shade method. In this method, a shaded calibrated reference pyranometer is used in addition to the reference pyrheliometer. The test pyranometer can be horizontal, on a fixed tilt or tracking alongside the reference pyrheliometer, but the reference pyranometer must be mounted in the same plane as the test pyranometer (most often on the horizontal). c) Collimation tube method. In this method, the test pyranometer is mounted on a solar tracker and is equipped with a collimation tube designed to allow the test pyranometer to have the same geometric view as the reference pyrheliometer for a direct comparison of the two instruments. The methods in this document are applicable for calibration of all pyranometers provided that a proper uncertainty evaluation is performed. Unlike spectrally flat pyranometers, non-spectrally flat pyranometers have a sensitivity that strongly depends on the solar spectrum. Therefore, the calibration result can be valid under a more limited range of conditions. The result of a calibration is the instrument sensitivity accompanied by an uncertainty. This document includes suggestions for uncertainty evaluation.

This document defines the basic terms of functional components and performance indicators commonly used in the area of refuse collection vehicles (RCV). This document also gives classification and requirements for commercial specifications for RCVs. It aims to align with terminology that are used internationally. This standard provides further vocabulary to those defined in ISO 24161. NOTE ‘Refuse’ and ‘waste’ are used interchangeably in this document.