Latest Standards, Engineering Specifications, Manuals and Technical Publications

This document specifies performance tolerances and the technical data presentation for fans of all types. It does not apply for fans designed solely for low-volume air circulation, such as those used for household or similar purposes (ceiling and table fans, extractor fans, etc.). For jet fans, refer to ISO 13350. The upper limit of fan work per unit mass is normally 25 kJ/kg, corresponding to an increase of fan pressure of approximately 30 kPa for a mean density in the fan of 1,2 kg/m3. For higher values, agreement is to be reached between the supplier and the user. This document applies the five installation categories defined in ISO 5801: A free inlet, free outlet; B free inlet, ducted outlet; C ducted inlet, free outlet; D ducted inlet, ducted outlet; E free inlet and free outlet without a partition. The performance of a fan can vary considerably with the installation category it is operating within. Therefore, these categories form an important part of the definition of the fan’s technical data presentation. NOTE International acceptance of the five installation categories provides the opportunity to base a contract on the most appropriate fan category for the end user and the system designer. Correspondingly, the likelihood of the fan providing the agreed performance, without compromise or concession, is enhanced. The efficiency scaling procedures described in 8.1.5 apply to centrifugal fans and axial fans within the specific speed ranges shown in Table 4. To date, there is no experimental data to confirm how they apply to mixed flow fans, having specific speeds in between. Category E fans are treated in Clause 7.

This document specifies requirements for high chromium white cast iron grit, as supplied for blast-cleaning processes. It specifies ranges of particle sizes, together with corresponding grade designations. Values are specified for hardness, density, defect/structural requirements, metallographic structure and chemical composition. The requirements specified in this document apply to abrasives supplied in the new condition only. They do not apply to abrasives either during or after use. High chromium white cast iron grits are used in both static and site blasting equipment. They are most often selected where there is a possibility for the recovery and re-use of the abrasive. NOTE 1 Although this document has been developed for preparation of steelwork, these materials are predominantly used for non-ferrous substrates. The properties specified will generally be appropriate for use when preparing other material surfaces, or components, using blast-cleaning techniques, and can be used for applications where no subsequent coating is applied. NOTE 2 Whenever dissimilar metals are used together, galvanic corrosion can occur.

This document specifies methods for the determination of oxidation induction time (isothermal OIT) and oxidation induction temperature (dynamic OIT) of polymeric materials by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It is applicable to polyolefin resins that are in a fully stabilized or compounded form, either as raw materials or finished products. It can be applicable to other plastics.

This document specifies measuring methods for the determination of biobased carbon contents in rubber and rubber products, including polyurethanes. The methods focus on carbon atoms in rubber or rubber products, and determine whether the carbon-containing component is biobased or not, judging from the concentration of 14C, radiocarbon isotope. This document applies to rubber and rubber products such as raw materials, materials and final products.

This specification defines the 3MF file format Core Specification and extensions. It defines all the necessary components that are needed to implement this Suite. This Suite does not change if one or more components are updated by a new edition. The Suite changes only when new components are added to it and/or existing components are removed from it.

This document specifies requirements and provides recommendations for reporting of forensic work. This document is applicable to the reporting of forensic work performed at a scene and within a facility. The requirements facilitate the preparation and issuing of reports that are accurate, clear, transparent, complete, unambiguous, impartial and suitable for their intended use. This document also includes requirements relating to the review of case records and reports, the issuance and control of reports, and requirements related to testimony.

This document specifies requirements and provides recommendations to safeguard the process for the analysis of items of potential forensic value. It includes requirements and recommendations for the selection and application of suitable method(s) for the analysis to meet the needs of the customer and fulfil the request. The requirements are designed to ensure the use of suitable methods, proper controls, qualified personnel and appropriate analytical strategies throughout the forensic analysis of items. This document is applicable to activities conducted by a forensic service provider that occur at the scene and within a facility. This document is applicable to all disciplines of forensic science; however, it is not applicable to the recovery of digital data which is covered by ISO/IEC 27037. The requirements and recommendations facilitate the comprehensive, accurate and reliable analysis of items.

This document provides symbols and defines standard datasheets for some of the most often used microfluidic pumps, such as the peristaltic pump, pressure pump, syringe pump and diaphragm/membrane pump.

This document specifies the method of energy consumption measurement for the following types of industrial trucks as defined in ISO 5053-1: — counterbalance lift truck; — articulated counterbalance lift truck; — reach truck (with retractable mast or fork arm carriage); — straddle truck; — pallet-stacking truck; — pallet truck; — platform and stillage truck; — end-controlled pallet truck; — order-picking truck; — centre-controlled order-picking truck; — towing tractor; — pushing tractor; — burden and personnel carrier; — towing and stacking tractor; — side-loading truck (one side only); — lateral-stacking truck (both sides); — lateral-stacking truck (three sides); — multi-directional lift truck.

IEC 63380-1:2025 defines the secure information exchange between local energy management systems and electric vehicle charging stations. The local energy management systems communicate to the charging station controllers via the resource manager. This document specifies use cases, the sequences of information exchange and generic data models.

IEC 61987-41: 2025 provides: • a characterization for the integration of process analysers in the Common Data Dictionary (CDD), • generic structures for operating lists of properties (OLOP) and device lists of properties (DLOP) of measuring equipment in conformance with IEC 61987-10, • generic structures for Dynamic Data, e.g. for condition monitoring of process analysers. The generic structures for the OLOP and DLOP contain the most important blocks for process analysers. Blocks pertaining to a specific equipment type will be described in the corresponding part of the IEC 61987 standard series. Similarly, equipment properties are not part of this document. Thus, OLOP, DLOPs and LOPDs for selected process analysers families will be found in the IEC CDD.

IEC 63270-1:2025 provides guidance on the functional structure model, procedure, method, interface of function blocks. It also offers guidance on data requirements for predictive maintenance of equipment, devices and systems for industrial automation applications. Condition monitoring is not only within the scope of this document but can also be an important input for predictive maintenance.

This document lays down the requirements for the HBES Point API extension to the EN 50090 series, allowing vendor independent communication between smart home and building devices on IPv6 networks.

IEC 62290-2:2025 specifies the functional requirements of UGTMS (urban guided transport management and command/control systems) for use in urban guided passenger transport lines and networks. This document is applicable for new lines or for upgrading existing signalling and command control systems. The IEC 62290 series specifies the functional, system and interface requirements for the command, control, and management systems intended to be used on urban, guided passenger transport lines and networks. These systems are designated herein as urban guided transport management and command/control systems (UGTMS). UGTMS cover a wide range of operations needs from non-automated (GOA1) to unattended (GOA4) operation. A line may be equipped with UGTMS on its full length or only partly equipped. The IEC 62290 series does not specifically address security issues. However, aspects of safety requirements may apply to ensuring security within the urban guided transit system. The main objectives of this series are as follows: * to provide a baseline system description and functional requirements specification for a transport authority to use in a request for proposal, * to provide recommendations for those transport authorities wishing to acquire an interoperable or interchangeable system. It is the responsibility of the transport authority concerned to decide on how to apply the IEC 62290 series and to take into account their particular needs. This document is applicable to applications using * continuous data transmission, * continuous supervision of train movements by train protection profile, and * localisation of trains by onboard UGTMS equipment (reporting trains), and optionally by external wayside (and optionally onboard) device. In this document, the functional requirements set the framework to which detailed functions are added to define any generic or specific application. Because of that, although this document is applicable as a basis to define SRS, FIS and FFFIS, elements can be added for a generic or specific application. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) the functions 5.1.4.5 Stopping a train en route, 5.1.5.4 Monitor speed limit at discrete location, 5.5.5 Manage UGTMS transfer tracks, 5.6.4.1 Monitor passenger emergency calls and 6.2.4 Ensure connecting services have been deleted; b) the functions 5.5.11 Manage train washing, 5.5.12 Manage non-stopping areas and 6.3.4 Perform progressive shutdown have been added; c) many of the requirements have been reworded: changes in their wording could be only minor and editorial, or it could have technical consequences; d) some requirements of the second edition have been moved from one function/subfunction to another; e) some requirements have been deleted; f) some new requirements have been added in the existing functions; g) an informative annex giving the reader some user’s recommendations about this document has been added; h) another informative annex giving some typical performance-related criteria has been also added. i) an informative annex providing a summary of applicability of functions and subfunctions (mandatory or optional) depending on GOA has been added. In order to avoid any disturbance in the use of the document, when functions or requirements of IEC

IEC 61869-20:2025 This part of IEC 61869 specifies the requirements for the safe design and operation, and tests for the safety of instrument transformers whose highest voltage for equipment is higher than 1 kV AC or 1,5 kV DC. Low power instrument transformers are not covered by this document.

The purpose of this document is to provide customers and their suppliers with a document specifying the notions of “construction” and “management” of product dependability and safety (RAMS).
It offers programme directors and project managers information likely to help them:
—   determine the tasks to be performed and the application procedures, according to the specific nature of the programme and its goals;
—   define and implement the provisions necessary for performing these tasks;
—   within programme execution, situate the various tasks involved in constructing and managing the RAMS of a product.
This document applies to all programmes that involve customer/supplier relation.
RAMS management concerns not only all the products covered by these programmes, but also the components of these products and the production and support resources and processes to be implemented.
The provisions of this document can be negotiated at all levels between the parties directly concerned by a given programme. This implies, on the part of the ordering parties, that each lower level is provided with the information needed to perform the tasks and meet the specified targets. This also implies, on the part of suppliers, an escalation of information pertaining to the RAMS results of the products for which they are responsible.
This document is mainly concerned with the technical aspects, aspects of a legislative (in particular safety at work and regulatory conformity) and confidential nature are not dealt with in this document.

This document specifies the characteristics of multilayer mechanical locked floor covering with a wear-resistant and decorative surface layer supplied in panels (either tile or plank form). The floor panels are considered suitable for domestic and commercial levels of use and designed for floating installation.
This document does not apply to resilient floor panels for loose-laying according to EN ISO 20326, to multilayer wood floorings according to EN 13489, to wood veneer floor coverings according to EN 14354, to laminate floor covering according to EN 13329, EN 14978 and EN 15468 nor to products specified in EN ISO 10581, EN ISO 10582, EN ISO 24011, EN 12104 and ISO 14486.
This document is applicable to areas which are subject to frequent wetting, e.g. bathrooms, laundry rooms or saunas, only if specified by the producer.
This document also includes requirements for marking and packaging.
In Annex A (informative), optional properties are given. In Annex B (informative), a test method for the classification of the flexibility is given.

The purpose of this document is to provide customers and their suppliers with a document specifying the notions of product reliability "construction" and "management".
It offers programme directors and project managers information likely to help them:
-   determine the tasks to be performed and the application procedures, according to the specific nature of the programme and its goals;
-   define and implement the provisions necessary for performing these tasks;
-   within programme execution, situate the various tasks involved in constructing and managing the reliability of a product.
This document applies to all programmes (in particular aeronautical, space and armament programmes).
These reliability construction procedures concern not only all the products and its constituents covered by these programmes, but also the means and manufacturing processes to be implemented for their realization.
The provisions of this document can be negotiated at all levels between the parties directly concerned by a given programme. This implies, on the part of the customer, that each lower level is provided with the information necessary to perform tasks and meet the specified targets.

This document defines the common terms, abbreviations and references used throughout the EN 9300 series of standard parts.

This document specifies a test method for determining the leak tightness and the ease of operation and stop resistance of a valve made of thermoplastic material following an impact applied to the operating device.

This document specifies test methods and acceptance criteria, within the frequency range of 0,5 MHz to 15 MHz, for assessing the performance of equipment dedicated for determining thickness using pulse-echo ultrasound, e.g. according to ISO 16809.
This document only specifies the verifications required for the determination of thickness.
This document is applicable to instruments with numerical display and instruments with A-scan presentation, each using either single- or dual-transducer probes.
The tests described in this document can be used for verifying equipment covered by ISO 22232-1 and ISO 22232-2 when used for thickness determination.

The existing Annex ZB is still incorrectly referring to the old 97/23/EC Directive. Reference should be made to Directive 2014/68/EU for pressure equipment. To be done via this WI.

This document is applicable to oil stoves. These appliances have one or more vaporizing burners and a nominal heating capacity of not more than 15 kW and are equipped either with a draught regulator or a combustion air limiter.
The intended use of the appliances is space heating in residential buildings.
This document is also applicable to appliances with fan assisted vaporizing burners.
According to the type of fuels used in the country of destination, the appliances are supplied for use with either:
-   fuel oil with a maximum kinematic viscosity of 6,0 mm²/s at 20 °C;
-   or kerosene with a flash point of not less than 40 °C.
This document is not applicable for:
-   built-in appliances;
-   appliances equipped with an atomizing burner;
-   appliances incorporating a boiler or connected to a water system.
This document specifies procedures for assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) of characteristics of flued oil stoves with vaporizing burners.

This document specifies the general safety requirements for demountable machines and trailers, including road-rail trailers - henceforward referred to as ‘machines, for use when travelling and working on railway track.
NOTE   Trailers, including road-rail trailers, are considered as machines because they are moved along the track by powered machines.
This document specifies the requirements to deal with the common hazards presented by their use on the railway during transport, assembly and installation, commissioning, travelling and working on track, use including setting, programming, and process changeover, operation, cleaning, fault finding, maintenance and de-commissioning of the machines and associated equipment when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable.
These machines will not run on railway lines open to normal traffic.
NOTE   Other rail mounted railway maintenance and infrastructure inspection machines are dealt with in other European standards, see Technical Report CEN/TR 17498:2020.
This document is also applicable to machines and associated equipment that in working mode are partly supported on the ballast or the formation.
The requirements in this document are based on the assumption that the machines are used, operated and maintained by skilled person(s).
This document does not apply to the following:
-   requirements for quality of the work or performance of the machine;
-   use of separate equipment temporarily mounted on machines;
-   machines that utilize external power supplies such as the overhead contact line system for traction purposes or as a power source;
-   hazards due to air pressure caused by the passing of high-speed trains at more than 200 km/h;
-   operation subject to special rules, e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres;
-   hazards due to natural causes, e.g. earthquake, lightning, flooding;
-   working methods;
-   operation in severe working conditions requiring special measures, e.g. corrosive environments, contaminating environments, strong magnetic fields;
-   hazards occurring when used to handle suspended loads which may swing freely.

This European Standard covers multi-firing sauna stoves in which the heating stones are separated from and indirectly heated by the fire and the flue gases and which may be re-fuelled with several fuel loads.
This European Standard specifies requirements relating to the design, manufacture, construction, safety and performance (efficiency and emission) of multi-firing sauna stoves fired by wood logs and provides instructions for them. Furthermore, it also gives provisions for evaluation of conformity (i.e. initial type testing (ITT) and factory production control (FPC) and marking of these products.
This standard is applicable to hand-fuelled intermittent burning multi-firing sauna stoves, which provide heat into the space where they are installed.
These multi-firing sauna stoves may be supplied either as an assembled appliance or as a manufacturer’s pre-designed unit consisting of pre-fabricated components designed to be built on site in accordance with the manufacturer’s specified assembly instructions. One-off installations are not included.
These multi-firing sauna stoves may burn only natural wood logs in accordance with the appliance operating instructions.
Single-firing heat storage sauna stoves, in which the stones are directly heated by the fire and the flue gases, which pass through them, are not covered by this European Standard. This standard is also not applicable to mechanically fed sauna stoves, sauna stoves having fan assisted combustion air, sauna stoves fitted with a boiler, sauna stoves with incorporated flue or sauna stoves having any electrical connection.

This document specifies a method for the determination of reaction temperatures and times, enthalpies of reaction, and degrees of conversion using conventional differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as specified in ISO 11357-1.
The method applies to monomers, prepolymers, and polymers in the solid or liquid state. The material can contain fillers and/or initiators in the solid or liquid state.
This document is not applicable to fast DSC as specified in ISO 23976.[1]

1.1   Scope of EN 1993-1-6
(1) EN 1993-1-6 provides rules for the structural design of plated steel structures that have the form of a shell of revolution (axisymmetric shell).
(2) This document is applicable to unstiffened fabricated axisymmetric shells formed from isotropic rolled plates using both algebraic and computational procedures, and to stiffened axisymmetric shells with different wall constructions using computational procedures. It also applies to associated circular or annular plates and to beam section rings and stringer stiffeners where they form part of the complete shell structure. The general computational procedures are applicable to all shell forms.
(3) This document does not apply to manufactured shells or to shell panels or to elliptical shell forms, except that its computational procedures are applicable to all shell structures. This document does not apply to structures under seismic or other dynamic loading. It does not cover the aspects of leakage of stored liquids or solids.
(4) Cylindrical and conical panels are not explicitly covered by this document. However, the provisions of 9.8 can be used provided that appropriate boundary conditions are taken into account.  
(5) This document defines the characteristic and design values of the resistance of the structure.
(6) This document is concerned with the requirements for design against the ultimate limit states of:
—   plastic failure;
—   cyclic plasticity;
—   buckling;
—   fatigue.
(7) Overall equilibrium of the structure (sliding, uplifting, overturning) is not included in this document. Special considerations for specific applications are included in the relevant application parts of EN 1993.
(8) Detailed formulae for the simple calculation of unstiffened cylinders, cones and spherical domes are given in the Annexes.
(9) Provisions for simple calculations on specific stiffened shell types are given in EN 1993-4-1.
(10) This document is intended for application to steel shell structures. Where no standard exists for shell structures made of other metals, including high strength steels, the provisions of this document are applicable provided the appropriate material properties of the metal are taken into account.
(11) The provisions of this document are intended to be applied within the temperature ranges defined in the relevant EN 1993 application parts.
(12) Where no application part defines a different range, this document applies to structures within the following limits:
—   design metal temperatures lie within the range −50 °C to +100 °C, except when using the special provisions given in 5.1;
—   radius to thickness ratios (r/t) within the range 50 to 2 000;
—   manufactured circular hollow sections according to EN 10210 and EN 10219 are outside the scope of this document and are covered by EN 1993-1-1. However, if no other provisions are available, the rules of this document are useful for manufactured circular hollow sections. In particular, this document is applicable to the design of manufactured piles (see EN 1993-5) provided the imperfections and tolerance requirements of EN 1993-5 are adopted in place of those specified in this document, and where no other standard covers the specific pile geometry.
NOTE 1   Experimental and theoretical data relating to manufactured circular hollow sections were not considered when this document was drafted. The application of this document to such structures therefore remains the responsibility of the user.  
NOTE 2   The stress design rules of this document can be rather conservative if applied to some geometries and loading conditions for relatively thick-walled shells.
NOTE 3   Thinner shells than r/t = 2 000 can be treated using these provisions but the provisions have not been verified for such thin shells.
NOTE 4   The maximum temperature is restricted so that the influence of creep can be ignored where high temperature creep effects are not covered by the relevant application part.
[...]

This document specifies the quality grades for sorted poly(ethylene terephtalate) (PET) wastes as well as specific test methods laying out those properties for which the supplying party of the waste makes information available to the receiving party. PET waste quality grades are based on pre-determined sets of characteristics, taking into account sectorial and market specificities and related information needs and tests methods. The document provides for a division of information between “Required Data”, where a statement is required, and additional “Optional Data” as agreed between the supplying and receiving party.
This document does not apply to the general characterization addressed in EN 15347-1.

This document specifies the quality grades for sorted polystyrene (PS) wastes as well as specific test methods laying out those properties for which the supplying party of the waste makes information available to the receiving party. PS waste quality grades are based on pre-determined sets of characteristics, taking into account sectorial and market specificities and related information needs and tests methods. The document provides for a division of information between “Required Data”, where a statement is required, and additional “Optional Data” as agreed between the supplying and receiving party.
This document does not apply to the general characterization addressed in EN 15347-1.

This document is applicable to space heaters, inset appliances and cookers intended for mechanical fuelling with wood pellets and for manual fuelling with wood logs. They can be freestanding or inset appliances.
The intended use of the appliances is space heating in residential buildings and can be cooking. They can be fitted with a boiler (integral part of the appliance containing water to be heated up) for the supply of hot water for central heating systems.
These appliances typically use auxiliary energy which is measured in this standard as well. They are operated with natural draught and can be fan-assisted.
NOTE 1   A fan-assisted appliance does still operate under negative pressure in the flue gas system.
For inset appliances and especially their testing additional information can be necessary from EN 16510-2-2:2022.
These appliances burn wood pellets and wood logs only, in accordance with the appliance instructions. They only operate with the firedoors closed.
NOTE 2   These appliances can have an integral fuel hopper or be combined with an external fuel hopper.
These appliances can be fitted with a single or double combustion chamber having a single flue gas outlet.
This document specifies procedures for assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) of characteristics of combination appliances fired by wood logs and pellets.
This document is not applicable to appliances:
-   with boiler intended for water systems having water temperatures above 110°C and 3 bar and for sanitary hot water,
-   intended to be used with a pure horizontal exhaust (through the building wall),
-   with flue gas condensation in the appliance,
-   switching on / off for part load operation,
-   with simultaneous wood and pellet operation with a single flue gas outlet,
-   with non-automatic pellet loading,
-   with single combustion chamber and double flue gas outlet,
-   continuous burning appliances.
For clarity, all test methods are addressed in Annex A.

DEN/ERM-TGUWB-627

This document specifies a method for determination of the mechanical durability of pellets. The mechanical durability is a measure of the resistance of compressed fuels towards shocks and/or abrasion as a consequence of handling and transportation.

This document specifies methods for the determination of major and minor element concentrations in solid recovered fuels after digestion by the use of different acid mixtures and by addition of a fluxing agent for solid recovered fuel (SRF) ash.
a)       Method A: Microwave assisted digestion with hydrochloric, nitric and hydrofluoric acid mixture (6 ml HCl; 2 ml HNO3; 2 ml HF) followed by boric acid complexation;
b)       Method AT: Microwave assisted digestion with hydrochloric, nitric and tetrafluoroboric acid mixture (6 ml HCl; 2 ml HNO3; 4 ml HBF4);
c)        Method B: Microwave assisted digestion with hydrochloric, nitric and hydrofluoric acid mixture (0,5 ml HCl; 6 ml HNO3; 1 ml HF) followed by boric acid complexation;
d)       Method BT: Microwave assisted digestion with hydrochloric, nitric and tetrafluoroboric acid mixture (0,5 ml HCl; 6 ml HNO3; 2 ml HBF4);
e)       Method C: Microwave assisted digestion with nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide and hydrofluoric acid mixture (2,5 ml H2O2; 5 ml HNO3; 0,4 ml HF) and optional boric acid complexation;
f)         Method CT: Microwave assisted digestion with nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide and tetrafluoroboric acid mixture (2,5 ml H2O2; 5 ml HNO3; 0,8 ml HBF4);
g)       Method D: Digestion of the ashed SRF sample with fluxing agent lithium metaborate in an oven at 1 050 °C.
This document is applicable for the following major and minor/trace elements:
—     Major elements: aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), silicon (Si) and titanium (Ti).
—     Minor/trace elements: arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn).
Method A is applicable for general use for SRF and ashed SRFs, but the amount of the test portion can be very low in case of high concentration of organic matter. Method AT can be used if an alternative to HF is necessary.
Method B with a higher volume of nitric acid is applicable for SRFs with high organic matter (e.g. suitable for high plastic content) that can be difficult to digest with less nitric acid or as a substitute for method A if appropriate equipment is not available. Method BT can be used if an alternative to HF is necessary.
Method C with combination of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide and addition of hydrofluoric acid is applicable for wood based SRFs (e.g. demolition wood) or when there is a need for comparability to solid biofuel standards. Method CT can be used if an alternative to HF is necessary.
Method D is specifically applicable for determination of major elements in ashed SRF samples.
XRF can be used for the analysis of major elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, S, Si, Ti) after ashing (815 °C) of the samples and several major and minor/trace elements in SRF can be analysed by XRF after suitable calibration provided that the concentration levels are above instrumental detection limits of the XRF instrumentation and after proper preliminary testing and validation.
Digestion methods with HF and subsequent boric acid complexation or application of method D are applicable for determination of Si and Ti (better digestion efficiency).
Alternative digestion methods can be applied, if their performance is proved to be comparable with those of the methods described in this document.

This document establishes requirements, test procedures, assessment methods and acceptance criteria for operating rolling stock in open track. For pressure variations and slipstream effects beside the track, requirements and assessment methods are provided. For running resistance, assessment methods are addressed in this document. Load cases on infrastructure components due to train-induced pressure variations and slipstream effects are addressed in this document. For ballasted track test set-ups for ballast projection assessment are proposed.
The requirements only apply to rolling stock of the heavy rail system with maximum train speeds above 160 km/h and not to other rail systems. The document is applicable to all rolling stock and infrastructure in open air with nominal track gauges of 1 435 mm to 1 668 mm inclusive.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for the physical properties of powered toothbrushes in order to promote the safety of these products for their intended use.
There are different technologies of powered toothbrushes. Common features of those powered toothbrushes to which this document applies are:
—     a battery;
—     a motor;
—     a mechanical or magnetic drive system;
—     a moving brush head with tufted filaments.
Powered toothbrushes can have a moving brush head with different motions (e.g. oscillating-rotating, side-by-side), frequencies and velocities.
These types of electric toothbrushes are tested for safety in use by means of appropriate test procedures or clinical studies
The requirements listed in this document apply to all types of powered toothbrushes. However, there is a possibility that some requirements are not applicable for all types. For example, brush head plate retention can only be applied if the brush has a head portion that can detach from the brush shaft. In addition, for the filaments end-rounding requirements, this document does not apply to filament types that are very thin (less than 0,1 mm outside diameter) or have no sharp edges (e.g. tapered, feathered, with split tips or spherical cap) or non-synthetic filaments, where applying the end-rounding process is inappropriate or impossible.
This document is not applicable to other types of powered oral hygiene devices (such as powered interdental brushes) or manual toothbrushes.

This part of IEC 60204 applies to electrical, electronic, programmable electronic equipment and systems to hoisting machines and related equipment, including a group of hoisting machines working together in a co-ordinated manner NOTE 1 In this part of IEC 60204, the term "electrical" includes both electrical and electronic matters (i.e. "electrical equipment" means both the electrical, electronic and programmable electronic equipment). NOTE 2 In the context of this part of IEC 60204, the term “person” refers to any individual and includes those persons who are assigned and instructed by the user or user’s agent(s) in the use and care of the hoisting machine in question. The equipment covered by this part of IEC 60204 commences at the point of connection of the supply to the electrical equipment of the hoisting machine (crane-supply-switch) and includes systems for power supply and control feeders situated outside of the hoisting machine, for example, flexible cables or conductor wires or conductor bars (see Figure 3). NOTE 3 The requirements for the electrical supply installation of electrical equipment of a hoisting machine are given in IEC 60364. This standard is applicable to equipment or parts of equipment not exceeding 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V DC between lines and with nominal frequencies not exceeding 200 Hz. NOTE 4 Special requirements for electrical equipment of hoisting machines intended to be operated at higher voltages, see IEC 60204-11 (Annex D) This part of IEC60204 does not cover all the requirements (for example guarding, interlocking, or control) that are needed or required by other standards or regulations in order to protect persons from hazards other than electrical hazards. Each type of hoisting machine has unique requirements to be accommodated to provide adequate safety. This part of 60204 doesn´t cover noise risks and vibration risks. Additional and special requirements can apply to the electrical equipment of hoisting machines including those that - handle or transport potentially explosive material (e.g. paint or sawdust); - are intended for use in potentially explosive and/or flammable atmospheres; - have special risks when transporting or moving certain materials - are intended for use in mines. For the purposes of this standard, hoisting machines include cranes of all types, winches of all types and storage and retrieval machines. The following product groups are included: - overhead travelling cranes; - mobile cranes; - tower cranes; - slewing luffing cranes; - gantry cranes; - offshore cranes; - floating cranes; - winches of all types; - hoists and accessories; - loader cranes; - cable cranes; - load holding devices; - storage and retrieval machines; - monorail hoists; - straddle carriers; - rubber tyred gantry cranes (RTGs). NOTE 5 Definition of the different crane types see ISO 4306-1 This standard does not cover individual items of electrical equipment other than their selection for use and their erection.

The present document specifies technical requirements, limits and test methods for Short Range Devices in the non-
specific category operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
The non specific SRD category is defined by the EU Commission Decision 2019/1345/EU [i.3] as:
"The non-specific short-range device category covers all kinds of radio devices, regardless of the application or the
purpose, which fulfil the technical conditions as specified for a given frequency band. Typical uses include telemetry,
telecommand, alarms, data transmissions in general and other applications".
These radio equipment types are capable of transmitting up to 500 mW effective radiated power and operating indoor or
outdoor.
NOTE: The relationship between the present document and the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] is given in Annex A

DEN/ERM-TG28-561

This European Standard deals with the safety of electric sewing machines for household and similar use, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V for single-phase and 480 V for other appliances.

IEC 63461:2024 applies to laboratory model tests of any type of Pelton hydraulic turbine with unit power greater than 5 MW. It contains the rules governing test conduct and provides measures to be taken if any phase of the tests is disputed.
The main objectives of this document are:
- to define the terms and quantities used;
- to specify methods of testing and of measuring the quantities involved, in order to ascertain the hydraulic performance of the model;
- to specify the methods of computation of results and of comparison with guarantees;
- to determine if the contract guarantees that fall within the scope of this document have been fulfilled;
- and to define the extent, content and structure of the final report.
Full application of the procedures herein described is not generally justified for machines with smaller power. Nevertheless, this document can be used for such machines by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.

IEC TR 61850-90-30:2025, which is a Technical Report, describes extensions of the SCL Substation/Process Section allowing the creation of a comprehensive, IED and hardware independent specification of an IEC 61850 based power system.
It addresses how to:
• decompose functions in SCL
• show function classifications in SCL
• relate functions with the SCL Substation and Process Section
• relate functions to Logical Nodes and IEDs/Specification IEDs
• present information flow between functions in a hardware/implementation independent way
• position Functions in relation to "Application Schemes", "Distributed Functions", "Protection Schemes"
• consider the relationship to Basic Application Profiles (BAP) defined in IEC TR 61850-7-6
The document addresses the engineering process as far as it is related to the specification of Functions and their instantiation in IEC 61850 based power system. This includes the impact on the SCL Process Section during system configuration.
The engineering process related to the definition of Applications and their instantiation is addressed in the Basic Application Profile Document (BAP) in IEC TR 61850-7-6.
The System Configuration process is described in IEC 61850-6.
Modifications and extensions of SCL are done in a way to guarantee backwards compatibility.
In addition, this document introduces:
• Some further elements to SCL that improve the content and usefulness of SSD files and facilitate the handling of SCL files for engineering purposes,
• New variants of IED specific files: ISD file and FSD files,
• Evolution of the engineering rights management, to first improve the usage of SED and add a new concept of System Configuration Collaboration (SCC file) which allows collaboration on the same project with different engineers.

IEC TR 63515:2025 provides a conceptual framework for power system resilience. It covers the definition, evaluation metrics and methods, improvement strategies and uses cases of power system resilience. This document is applicable to developing resilient power system and implementing resilience improvement strategies.
This document is not exhaustive, and it is possible to consider other aspects, such as different application scenarios, evaluation methods, and improvement measures.

IEC TR 62282-7-3:2025 is a generic assessment of the feasibility of standardizing accelerated test procedures (both proton exchange membrane (PEM) and oxide ion-conducting solid oxide cell (SOC) technologies) for fuel cell stacks that have been engineered for a specific system application. This document comprises a review of literature and projects, a discussion of the main physical phenomena of interest in accelerated testing campaigns (focusing on the cell and stack levels, not looking at the system as a black box), a compendium of measurement techniques that are applicable, and it suggests a macroscopic approach to the formulation of a representative accelerated testing campaign.

IEC TS 62271-315:2025 is applicable to direct current (DC) transfer switches designed for indoor or outdoor installation and for operation on HVDC transmission systems having direct voltages of 100 kV and above. DC transfer switches normally include metallic return transfer switches (MRTS), earth return transfer switches (ERTS), neutral bus switches (NBS) and neutral bus earthing switches (NBES).

IEC PAS 62443-2-2: 2025 provides guidance on the development, validation, operation, and maintenance of a set of technical, physical, and process security measures called Security Protection Scheme (SPS). The document’s goal is to provide the asset owner implementing an IACS Security Program (SP) with mechanisms and procedures to ensure that the design, implementation and operation of an SPS manage the risks resulting from cyberthreats to each of the IACS included in its operating facility.
The document is based on contents specified in other documents of the IEC 62443 series and explains how these contents can be used to support the development of technical, physical, and process security measures addressing the risks to the IACS during the operation phase.

IEC 60050-831:2025 gives the terms and definitions used in smart cities and smart city systems, as well as general terms pertaining to specific applications and associated technologies. This terminology is consistent with the terminology developed in the other specialized parts of the IEV. It has the status of a horizontal standard in accordance with IEC Guide 108.

IEC 62276:2025 applies to the manufacture of synthetic quartz, lithium niobate (LN), lithium tantalate (LT), lithium tetraborate (LBO), and lanthanum gallium silicate (LGS) single crystal wafers intended for use as substrates in the manufacture of surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters and resonators.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The terms and definitions, the technical requirements, sampling frequency, test methods and measurement of transmittance, lightness, colour difference for LN and LT have been added in order to meet the needs of industry development;
b) The term “inclusion” (mentioned in 4.13 and 6.10) and its definition have been added because there was no definition for it in Clause 3;
c) The specification of LTV and PLTV, and the corresponding description of sampling frequency for LN and LT have been added, because they are the key performance parameters for the wafers;
d) The tolerance of Curie temperature specification for LN and LT have been added in order to meet the development requirements of the industry;
e) Measurement of thickness, TV5, TTV, LTV and PLTV have been completed, including measurement principle and method of thickness, TV5, TTV, LTV and PLTV.

IEC 62282-7-2:2025 applies to SOFC cell/stack assembly units, testing systems, instruments and measuring methods, and specifies test methods to test the performance of SOFC cells and stacks. This document is not applicable to small button cells that are designed for SOFC material testing and provide no practical means of fuel utilization measurement. This document is used based on the recommendation of the entity that provides the cell performance specification or for acquiring data on a cell or stack in order to estimate the performance of a system based on it. Users of this document can selectively execute test items suitable for their purposes from those described in this document.

ISO/IEC TR 30189-1:2025 describes a framework for the use of IoT technology for management of tangible cultural heritage assets, which includes the associated functional entities and information flows.

REN/MSG-TFES-15-3

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the properties and requirements for two types of asbestos-free asphalt roof coatings consisting of an asphalt base, volatile petroleum solvents, and mineral or other stabilizers, or both, mixed to a smooth, uniform consistency suitable for application by squeegee, three-knot brush, paint brush, roller, or by spraying. Type I is made from asphalts characterized as self-healing, adhesive, and ductile, while Type II is made from asphalts characterized by high softening point and relatively low ductility. The coatings shall conform to specified composition limits for water, nonvolatile matter, minerals and/or other stabilizers, and bitumen (asphalt). They shall also meet physical requirements as to uniformity, consistency, and pliability and behavior at given temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asbestos-free asphalt roof coatings of brushing or spraying consistency.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Research O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under mild conditions of operation.  
5.2 Research O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.  
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1,  k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-O.N. determinations.  
5.2.2 Research O.N., in conjunction with Motor O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the Road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the U.S., and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.2.3 Research O.N. is also used either alone or in conjunction with other factors to define the Road O.N. capabilities of spark-ignition engine fuels for vehicles operating in areas of the world other than the United States.  
5.3 Research O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.  
5.4 Research O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.  
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Gu...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Often the most critical stress to which a sandwich panel core is subjected is shear. The effect of repeated shear stresses on the core material can be very important, particularly in terms of durability under various environmental conditions.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining the sandwich core shear fatigue response. Uses include screening candidate core materials for a specific application, developing a design-specific core shear cyclic stress limit, and core material research and development.
Note 3: This test method may be used as a guide to conduct spectrum loading. This information can be useful in the understanding of fatigue behavior of core under spectrum loading conditions, but is not covered in this standard.  
5.3 Factors that influence core fatigue response and shall therefore be reported include the following: core material, core geometry (density, cell size, orientation, etc.), specimen geometry and associated measurement accuracy, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, loading frequency, force (stress) ratio and speed of testing (for residual strength tests).
Note 4: If a sandwich panel is tested using the guidance of this standard, the following may also influence the fatigue response and should be reported: facing material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, adhesive thickness and adhesive void content. Further, core-to-facing strength may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facings in sandwich panels with the same core and facing materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the effect of repeated shear forces on core material used in sandwich panels. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 This test method is limited to test specimens subjected to constant amplitude uniaxial loading, where the machine is controlled so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive constant amplitude force (stress) cycles. Either shear stress or applied force may be used as a constant amplitude fatigue variable.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the manufacture, testing, and performance requirements of two types of asphalt-based emulsions for use in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces. Type I are quick-setting emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to water within a few days after application and drying. Type II, on the other hand, are emulsified asphalt suitable for continuous exposure to the weather, only after application and drying. Upon being sampled appropriately, the materials shall conform to composition requirements as to density, residue by evaporation, nonvolatile matter soluble in trichloroethylene, and ash and water content. They shall also adhere to performance requirements as to uniformity, consistency, stability, wet flow, firm set, heat test, flexibility, resistance to water, and loss of adhesion.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for application in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Motor O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under severe conditions of operation.  
5.2 Motor O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.  
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1, k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-octane number determinations.  
5.2.2 Motor O.N., in conjunction with Research O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the United States, and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.3 Motor O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.  
5.4 Motor O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.  
5.5 Motor O.N. is utilized to determine, by correlation equation, the Aviation method O.N. or performance number (lean-mixture aviation rating) of aviation spark-ignition engine fuel.7
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number, including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane number.  
1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number, but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90 Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels produced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102 Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Motor octane number range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3(6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8. ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The edgewise compressive strength of short sandwich construction specimens provides a basis for judging the load-carrying capacity of the construction in terms of developed facing stress.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining sandwich edgewise compressive strengths for panel design properties, material specifications, research and development applications, and quality assurance.  
5.3 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence edgewise compressive strength to be reported; these include materials, fabrication method, facesheet lay-up orientation (if composite), core orientation, results of any nondestructive inspections, specimen preparation, test equipment details, specimen dimensions and associated measurement accuracy, environmental conditions, speed of testing, failure mode, and failure location.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the compressive properties of structural sandwich construction in a direction parallel to the sandwich facing plane. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing certain petroleum products, as one element in establishing uniformity of shipments and sources of supply.  
5.2 See Guide D117 for applicability to mineral oils used as electrical insulating oils.  
5.3 The Saybolt Furol viscosity is approximately one tenth the Saybolt Universal viscosity, and is recommended for characterization of petroleum products such as fuel oils and other residual materials having Saybolt Universal viscosities greater than 1000 s.  
5.4 Determination of the Saybolt Furol viscosity of bituminous materials at higher temperatures is covered by Test Method E102/E102M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the empirical procedures for determining the Saybolt Universal or Saybolt Furol viscosities of petroleum products at specified temperatures between 21 and 99 °C [70 and 210 °F]. A special procedure for waxy products is indicated.  
Note 1: Test Methods D445 and D2170/D2170M are preferred for the determination of kinematic viscosity. They require smaller samples and less time, and provide greater accuracy. Kinematic viscosities may be converted to Saybolt viscosities by use of the tables in Practice D2161. It is recommended that viscosity indexes be calculated from kinematic rather than Saybolt viscosities.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion are used, for example, for design purposes and to determine if failure by thermal stress may occur when a solid body composed of two different materials is subjected to temperature variations.  
5.2 This test method is comparable to Test Method D3386 for testing electrical insulation materials, but it covers a more general group of solid materials and it defines test conditions more specifically. This test method uses a smaller specimen and substantially different apparatus than Test Methods E228 and D696.  
5.3 This test method may be used in research, specification acceptance, regulatory compliance, and quality assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the technical coefficient of linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermomechanical analysis techniques.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such that the sensing probe does not produce indentation of the specimen.  
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 μm/(m·°C). The test method may be used at lower (or negative) expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see Section 12).  
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from −120 °C to 900 °C. The temperature range may be extended depending upon the instrumentation and calibration materials used.  
1.5 SI units are the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The force required to separate a metallic coating from its plastic substrate is determined by the interaction of several factors: the generic type and quality of the plastic molding compound, the molding process, the process used to prepare the substrate for electroplating, and the thickness and mechanical properties of the metallic coating. By holding all others constant, the effect on the peel strength by a change in any one of the above listed factors may be noted. Routine use of the test in a production operation can detect changes in any of the above listed factors.  
4.2 The peel test values do not directly correlate to the adhesion of metallic coatings on the actual product.  
4.3 When the peel test is used to monitor the coating process, a large number of plaques should be molded at one time from a same batch of molding compound used in the production moldings to minimize the effects on the measurements of variations in the plastic and the molding process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method gives two procedures for measuring the force required to peel a metallic coating from a plastic substrate.2 One procedure (Procedure A) utilizes a universal testing machine and yields reproducible measurements that can be used in research and development, in quality control and product acceptance, in the description of material and process characteristics, and in communications. The other procedure (Procedure B) utilizes an indicating force instrument that is less accurate and that is sensitive to operator technique. It is suitable for process control use.  
1.2 The tests are performed on standard molded plaques. This method does not cover the testing of production electroplated parts.  
1.3 The tests do not necessarily measure the adhesion of a metallic coating to a plastic substrate because in properly prepared test specimens, separation usually occurs in the plastic just beneath the coating-substrate interface rather than at the interface. It does, however, reflect the degree that the process is controlled.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the creep rate provides information on the behavior of sandwich constructions under constant applied force. Creep is defined as deflection under constant force over a period of time beyond the initial deformation as a result of the application of the force. Deflection data obtained from this test method can be plotted against time, and a creep rate determined. By using standard specimen constructions and constant loading, the test method may also be used to evaluate creep behavior of sandwich panel core-to-facing adhesives.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining flexure creep of sandwich constructions for quality control, acceptance specification testing, and research and development.  
5.3 Factors that influence the sandwich construction creep response and shall therefore be reported include the following: facing material, core material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, facing stacking sequence and overall thickness, core geometry (cell size), core density, core thickness, adhesive thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, speed of testing, facing void content, adhesive void content, and facing volume percent reinforcement. Further, facing and core-to-facing strength and creep response may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facesheets of the same material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creep characteristics and creep rate of flat sandwich constructions loaded in flexure, at any desired temperature. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

RTS/TSGC-0329521vh50

RTS/TSGC-0329523vh70

DEN/ERM-TGAERO-31-2

RTS/LI-00190-2

RTR/TSGR-0536903ve40

RTS/TSGR-0534229-3vf40

RTR/TSGR-0536905vf50