ISO - International Organization for Standardization

This document establishes required practices for the safe use of bridge and gantry cranes. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 12480-1. This document applies to the bridge and gantry cranes as defined in ISO 4306-1 and ISO 4306-5.

This document specifies a method for sampling and handling earthworms from field soils as a prerequisite for using these animals as bioindicators (e.g. to assess the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms). This document is applicable to all terrestrial biotopes in which earthworms occur. This document does not apply to semi-terrestrial soils (i.e. soils that are partly aquatic, such as bogs, beaches, marshes, stream margins) and it can be difficult to use under extreme climatic or geographical conditions (e.g. in high mountains). Methods for other soil organism groups, such as micro-arthropods and enchytraeids (mesofauna), are covered in other parts of the ISO 23611 series.

This document specifies the requirements and test methods applicable to factory applied ceramic epoxy lining for ductile iron pipes conforming to ISO 2531, ISO 7186 and ISO 16631, excluding potable water, for operating temperature up to 50 °C.

This document establishes a framework for the implementation of a sharing economy. It specifies requirements for and gives guidance on the operational economic, social, environmental, legal and other considerations and factors associated with implementation of sharing economy applications and approaches in sharing economy contexts. This document is applicable to all actors participating in the sharing economy ecosystem, including platform operators, providers, users and other stakeholders. This document is applicable to all types and sizes of organization (e.g. commercial enterprises, government agencies, not-for-profit organizations).

This document specifies the conditions for determining the tensile properties (including tensile modulus, Poisson’s ratio, strength, strain at maximum force and fracture strain) of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement at room temperature. This document applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, including unidirectional (1D), bi-directional (2D), and multi-directional (xD, with x > 2), reinforcement, loaded along a principal axis of reinforcement. NOTE In most cases, ceramic matrix composites to be used at high temperature in air are coated with an antioxidation coating.

This document specifies the determination of aldehydes and ketones content in polyether polyols and polymer polyols by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This document is applicable to the determination of formaldehyde (HCHO), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), acrolein (CH2=CHCHO) and acetone (CH3COCH3) in polyether polyols and polymer polyols.

This document establishes a standardized notation with consistent design requirements for the results of business reporting, including written reports, presentations and dashboards. The notation specifies requirements for the visual appearance of: recurring visual aspects, such as the layout of charts, tables and text; their characteristics; the labelling of content. This document is applicable to business reporting regardless of an organization’s type, size, location or the nature of products and services delivered. For further guidance on accessibility requirements, refer to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.2 and ISO/IEC 23859:2023.

This document defines terms related to integration of life-cycle data for process plant installations. These terms are used by the parts in the ISO 15926 series. The following are outside the scope of this document: the reference data items that are contained in the reference data library, such as those covered in ISO/TS 15926-4:2024; the entities used in the data model, such as those covered in ISO 15926-2:2003.

This document describes methods for the determination of sulfur and chlorine content in solid biofuels and pyrogenic biocarbon and specifies two methods for decomposition of the fuel and different analytical techniques for the quantification of the elements in the decomposition solutions. The determination of other elements such as fluorine and bromine are also possible with the methods in this document, however performance data for these elements are not provided. The use of automatic equipment is also included in this document, provided that a validation is carried out as specified and that the performance characteristics are similar to those of the method described in this document.

This document specifies a method for the determination of carbon monoxide (CO) in the vapour phase of tobacco heating system according to ISO 5501-1, by a non-dispersive infrared analyser (NDIR). NOTE If tested products provide CO levels outside of the upper limit of the calibration range described in this document, then the calibration range described in ISO 22947 applies.

This document specifies a general concept for provenance information of biological material and data, organizational roles, and requirements for provenance information management. The provenance information covers any information relevant to the traceability, quality and fitness for purpose of the biological material and data generated throughout the life cycle of the biological material from collection to analysis, including data originating from analytical procedures applied to the biological material and further processing of the data. This document is applicable to organizations, authorities and industries that are: acquiring, collecting, processing, testing, analysing, storing, or distributing biological material in biotechnology and biomedicine (e.g., biobanks, laboratories, biomedical research as well as biotechnological development or production); generating, collecting, analysing, processing, or storing data on and related to biological material (e.g., biobanks, laboratories, developers, manufacturers, or other institutions and commercial organizations in biotechnology or biomedicine); generating, collecting, analysing, processing, or storing data or digital objects in biotechnology and biomedicine (e.g., in vitro/in vivo/in silico diagnostics developers and manufacturers, or other institutions and commercial organizations in the domain); manufacturing devices or software for the aforementioned tasks or providing facilities for these tasks. This document is also applicable to providers of services related to provenance information management (e.g., provenance information generation, storage, provision, or validation). This document can be used by customers, regulatory authorities, organizations and schemes using peer-assessment, accreditation bodies, and others for confirming or recognizing the competence of the aforementioned parties. This document does not apply to biological material and data used for medical diagnosis, treatment and therapy. NOTE 1 This document can be applied by organizations performing laboratory or research activities as well as other activities in biotechnology and biomedicine. NOTE 2 International, national, or regional regulations, standards, or requirements can apply to specific topics covered in this document, e.g., for organizations handling human materials procured and used for diagnostic and treatment purposes.

This document presents an analysis of a test method and procedures for predicting print image quality for prints from high-speed inkjet printing systems. Results from an initial set of tests are reported. Based on this method, a set of paper properties and their ISO related standards is given, in addition to those presented in ISO 15397.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of heating performance of wearable heating e-textile products. Wearable heating textile products are made of e-textile parts including a portable battery for electric heating and conventional textile parts for garments. This document includes the test procedure for the heating temperature and power consumption of wearable heating garments such as jackets, vests, etc. Heating gloves and footwear are excluded. The safety and security of heating products are excluded, as the information on thermal safety limits for heating products is addressed in IEC 60335-2-17 and IEC 62368‑1. The performance and safety of the portable battery are also excluded.

This document specifies the methodology for the design, planning, and execution of an interlaboratory study (ILS) and calculation of precision estimates of a test method specified by the study. In particular: it defines the relevant statistical terms, it specifies the procedures to be adopted in the planning and execution of an ILS to determine the precision of a test method, and it specifies the method of calculating the precision from the results of such a study. The procedures in this document have been designed specifically for petroleum and petroleum related products, which are normally considered as homogeneous. However, the procedures described in this document can also be applied to other types of homogeneous products.

This document specifies the methodology for applying precision estimates of a test method derived from the processes specified in ISO 4259-1. In particular, it specifies the procedures for setting the property specification limits based upon test method precision where the property is determined using a specific test method, and determines the specification conformance status when there are conflicting results between supplier and receiver. Other applications of this test method precision are briefly described in principle without the associated procedures. The procedures in this document have been designed specifically for petroleum and petroleum-related products, which are normally homogeneous. However, the procedures described in this document can also be applied to other types of homogeneous products. This document is not applicable to non-homogenous products.

This document specifies a procedure for determining the point resolution, called Scherzer resolution, of high-resolution transmission electron microscopes (HREM), which can visualize sample structure with sub-nanometre fineness. This document also specifies the measurement procedure of the real spherical aberration coefficient of the objective lens used. The procedure specified in this document for measuring the spherical aberration coefficient uses the dark rings that appear in the fast Fourier transform (FFT) pattern of HREM images of amorphous thin films, in which, at least three dark rings need to be observable near the Scherzer focus. Therefore, this document is applicable to HRTEMs equipped with a cold field emission gun (CFEG), Schottky emission gun (SEG) or thermal field emission gun (TFEG), or HREMs equipped with a thermionic emission gun (TEG) in which three or more dark rings can be clearly observed in the FFT pattern. This document does not treat the information limits, lattice resolution and STEM resolution. In addition, this document is not applicable to Cs-corrected TEM.

This document defines general technical terms used in many non-destructive testing disciplines.

This document specifies guidelines and requirements for the creation and use of intelligent transport system (ITS) station facilities layer service "message sets" (ITS-MsgSets). This includes specification of the basic structure of ITS-MsgSets, the creation of a message as a concatenation of messages from ITS-MsgSets, and the reception of respective messages.

This document provides the workflow and technical requirements for perceiving, evaluating and avoiding collisions among orbiting objects, data requirements for these tasks, identifies techniques that can be used to estimate either the probability or the consequence of collisions, or both, and provides requirements and guidance for executing collision avoidance manoeuvres.

This document is applicable to aseptically processed or terminally sterilized finished prefilled syringes (intended for single use only) based on syringe barrel components addressed in ISO 11040-4 or ISO 11040-6, together with a plunger stopper (sealing the back end) based on components addressed in ISO 11040-5 and a front end closure for parenteral preparations with focus on quality, functional performance and safety requirements, as well as relevant test methods. Finished prefilled syringes which have undergone an additional preparation step by the user before injection (e.g. diluent-containing syringes that have been emptied for reconstitution and in which the reconstituted injectable product has been aspirated after reconstitution) are excluded from the scope of this document. NOTE 1 This document can also be used as a guidance for other types, designs and/or sizes of finished prefilled syringes, for example dual chamber prefilled syringes. NOTE 2 For finished prefilled syringes that are used in needle-based injection systems, see also ISO 11608 (all parts). NOTE 3 Attention is drawn to applicable national or regional regulations and pharmacopoeias, such as Ph.Eur. [2], USP [3] or JP [4]. NOTE 4 Finished prefilled syringes for parenteral preparations which are medical devices or which, according to the principal mode of action of the product (i.e. the means by which the product achieves its principal intended action), are borderline between medical devices and medicinal products fall within the scope of this document, even if they are not always regulated as medicinal products.

This document provides the specifications, requirements and test methods for non-petroleum-based fluids used in road-vehicle hydraulic brake and clutch systems that are designed for use with such fluids and equipped with seals, cups or double-lipped type gland seals made of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and ethylene-propylene elastomer (EPDM).

This document gives guidance for leaders operating in collaborative arrangements in alignment with the structure of ISO 44001.

This document specifies characteristics to be measured and applicable measurement methods of nanoporous silica microparticles in powder form used as stationary phases in liquid chromatography. This document does not cover materials with surface treatments after manufacturing, and characteristics specific for health, the environment and safety issues. NOTE 1 Silica and hybrid silica are both covered.

This document specifies a system for aquaculture effluent reduction and discharge management. It includes principles, methods and guidance. This document is applicable to closed and semi-closed aquaculture systems in seawater and freshwater, aiming at reducing effluents and managing discharge and their impacts on receiving environments. This document does not apply to open aquaculture.

This document outlines key factors affecting machine learning model training efficiency and presents corresponding optimization approaches. It provides guidance for AI providers and producers through a structured set of characteristics and related optimizations to improve training efficiency. This information can support the evaluation and comparison of various ML training strategies. This document does not specify any training accelerating mechanisms provided and implemented within machine learning computing device described in ISO/IEC TR 17903.

This document specifies requirements for 8-strand braided ropes, for 12-strand braided ropes, and for covered rope constructions (single braid, double braid and multi-core construction) for general purpose made of high modulus polyethylene (HMPE), and gives rules for their designation. Many different types and grades of HMPE fibre exist which are commonly used to produce rope products. This document does not apply to all variations in strength or product performance.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for measuring the accuracy of electronic apex locators that are used to determine the apex location during endodontic treatment.

This document specifies data link independent requirements of diagnostic communication services. These allow a diagnostic tester (client) to control diagnostic functions in an in-vehicle electronic control unit (ECU, server) such as an electronic fuel injection, automatic gearbox, anti-lock braking system, etc. connected to a serial data link embedded in a road vehicle. This document specifies diagnostic communication services, which allow the diagnostic tester (client) to stop or to resume non-diagnostic message transmission, to read vehicle identification data and real-time sensor data, read and clear diagnostic information, control actuators, start/stop routines, and many more functions to assist in diagnosing the vehicle's electronic systems. This document does not apply to non-diagnostic message transmission on the vehicle's communication data link between two electronic control units. This document does not restrict an in-vehicle on-board tester (client) implementation in an ECU/server in order to utilize the diagnostic communication services on the vehicle's communication data link to perform bidirectional diagnostic data exchange. This document does not specify any implementation requirements.

This document provides requirements and guidance for the planning, development, implementation and evaluation of smart multigenerational neighbourhoods. It establishes a framework for neighbourhoods to deploy enabling systems that actively support, adapt to and care for people of different ages and abilities as their needs change across the life course, enhancing wellbeing and addressing long-term pressures related to ageing, health, care and community resilience. This document applies to both new developments and the enhancement, regeneration and retrofitting of existing neighbourhoods and real estate. It is intended for use by public authorities, investors, planners, developers, designers, service and technology providers, systems integrators, and community and civic organisations involved in neighbourhood planning, delivery and long-term stewardship.

This document specifies requirements and recommendations for strategic transition planning by financial institutions, designed to protect and enhance value by supporting institutions’ response and contribution to a global net zero and climate-resilient economy. The requirements and recommendations are designed to enable financial institutions to develop and maintain transition planning objectives and targets that advance the temperature and resilience goals of the Paris Agreement[23], and establish robust policies and processes to integrate these into their financial activities. This document is applicable to any financial institution, regardless of size, type and geographic location, with a particular focus on banking, insurance and investment institutions. Its provisions are applied in the context of the institution’s particular business model. NOTE 1 Some considerations specific to particular institution types are included in guidance notes. Additional guidance on product attributes specific to different types of financial institution can be found in Annex A. This document is applicable to all financial activities (including lending, insurance, asset owner investing, asset manager investing and capital market activities) that the institution determines it can either control or influence, using a life cycle perspective (e.g. those described in 7.2.2). It can also be applicable to relevant financial activities within real economy institutions and emerging financial institution types, many of which leverage digital technologies and can be subject to different or bespoke regulatory frameworks (e.g. decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms). NOTE 2 This document is intended for global application, recognizing that some financial institutions, including those in some emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs), can face constraints in the local enabling regulatory environment and data availability. It therefore seeks to ensure flexibility and proportionality in application, as appropriate. NOTE 3 Documents on asset management developed by ISO/TC 251, including ISO 55000[18], ISO 55001[19] and detailed guidance in ISO 55002[20], can be useful for financial institution asset management activity, particularly as it relates to alignment of asset management with business objectives (e.g. those related to transition planning).

ISO 16659 series provide different test methods aiming at assessing the performances of radioactive iodine traps in ventilation systems of nuclear facilities. This series deals with iodine traps with solid sorbent, mainly activated and impregnated charcoal, the most common solid sorbents used in ventilation systems of nuclear facilities, as well as other sorbents for special conditions (e.g. high temperature zeolites). ISO 16659-1 provides the general requirements to be applied for all methods of the series. The scope of this document is to provide general and generic requirements for the test method using cyclohexane (C6H12) as a tracer to determine the mechanical leakage rate of iodine trap. This reproducible method can support nuclear operators to compare the result with reference values given in safety reports. Unlike the method of radioactive methyl iodide described in ISO 16659-2, the cyclohexane field test method covered in this document does not directly give a decontamination factor for the iodine trap, but only the iodine trap performance information of an integrity test. Due to the use of the environmentally friendly test reagent of low-toxicity in the field tests, the method is mainly suitable for ventilation systems of those habitable spaces (e.g. main control rooms of nuclear power plants), and performance test of a single iodine trap before its delivery and acceptance. In addition, the method can also be used for iodine traps with activated carbon sampling canister (e.g. deep bed iodine trap Type III and Drawer iodine trap Type II).

This document specifies coupling between handpieces and motors that are connected to dental units. For the purposes of this document, the couplings described in this document are not equipped with electronic terminal(s). This document specifies the nominal dimensions, tolerances and extraction force of coupling systems for use between handpieces and motor which supply the handpiece with water, air and light and rotation energy.

This document establishes basic guidelines for choosing condition monitoring methods for failure mode detection, diagnostics and prognostics of wind power plant components. This document does not specify IT systems used for condition monitoring of wind turbines.

This document specifies the classification codes of tyres for agricultural and forestry tractors and machines.

This document specifies the standard cost coding system (SCCS) that classifies costs, work hours and quantities for the assets and operations associated with the oil and gas industries including lower carbon energy activities. This document covers all life cycle phases of the assets and operations. The SCCS is applicable to: cost estimation; benchmarking; cost monitoring and reporting; collection of quantities, work hours and cost data; exchange of cost data among organizations; implementation in cost systems. This document also provides a basis for the establishment of: cost classification relevant to cost accounting rules, specific contractual agreements, local requirements for cost reporting to national bodies, government rules and tax regulations, authorization for expenditure, billing purposes, etc.; unique project breakdown structures (e.g. work breakdown structures, contract breakdown structures and organizational breakdown structures) or asset breakdown structures (e.g. tag or system codes and area or module breakdown structures). This document is intended for the following users: operators or owners; contractors; vendors, manufacturers or suppliers; authorities or regulatory bodies; benchmarking companies; consultants.

This document provides general requirements and recommendations for all forms of virtual keyboards including audio keyboards, on-screen or projected keyboards. This document does not apply to physical keyboards that use real material keys or adaptable keys, which can be customized to user needs, for example with LCD display.

This document provides building blocks for mobile eID-System infrastructures and normalizes protocols, interfaces and services for mdoc apps by: specifying interfaces for data interchange for installing of software in installation phase as well as issuing and deriving of attributes and credentials in issuing phase; specifying security and data protection mechanisms; applying privacy-enhancing mechanisms; specifying discoverability mechanisms. Mechanisms for updating or revoking of attributes and credentials or mdocs are out of scope of this document and are provided by SA specific protocols. This document is applicable to entities involved in specifying, architecting, designing, testing, maintaining, administering and operating a mobile eID-System in parts or entirely.

This document defines the chemical characteristics and related process specifications of atomic layer deposition precursors, including assay content, metal purity and anion content specification.

This document specifies the definition and technical criteria for whole grain as a food ingredient (or “raw material”) and further specifies the requirements for designating whole-grain foods derived from cereals and certain pseudocereals on packaging, labelling and claims. The document is applicable to business-to-business and business-to-consumer communication, to the food trade and to food labelling and claims. The definition and technical criteria are only applicable to post-harvest/collecting of the grain. The document specifies technical criteria to all food and beverage companies, applicable to all organizations, regardless of size or complexity. This document is intended for use in business-to-business and business-to-consumer communications, relationships in the global supply chain, the international trade of food products, and food labelling and claims. NOTE The definition, technical criteria and criteria for food labelling and claims are generic. This document does not specify detailed criteria or technical guidance for specific types of grains and products.

This document specifies requirements for coated fabrics for upholstered furniture, manufactured by applying to one side of a woven cloth a substantially continuous coating of a suitably plasticized polymer of vinyl chloride, or a copolymer the major constituent of which is vinyl chloride. NOTE Such coatings are known as poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) coatings. This document is applicable to two grades (A and B) of PVC-coated woven fabrics.

This document specifies necessary but not sufficient safety requirements for the use of SbW systems in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles for series application. This document does not replace the full application of the ISO 26262 series of standards and their implementation in safety-related measures. This document defines requirements for manual driving where the driver holds the steering wheel. NOTE Misuse of hands-free driving is not considered. This document does not contain any requirements for the use of automated lateral vehicle control functions. The requirements consider systems consisting of a road wheel actuator (RWA), hand wheel actuator (HWA), and a steering wheel for driver input. Deviating concepts need to be analysed by the user for transferability.

This document specifies requirements for the most important metrological and design characteristics of plain limit gauges of linear size. This document defines the different types of plain limit gauges used to verify linear dimensional specifications associated with linear size. This document also defines the design characteristics and the metrological characteristics for these limit gauges as well as the new or wear limits state maximum permissible limits (MPLs) for the new state or wear limits state for these metrological characteristics. In addition, this document describes the use of limit gauges. It covers linear sizes of up to 500 mm.

This document specifies a reference model and process for Collaborative Modeling and Simulation Environment (CMSE), which establishes a general framework of CMSE to provide guidance for implementation of joint simulation projects. The CMSE which is based on the reference process and the reference model including neutral interfaces and meta-models can enable service-oriented share-use of the infrastructure, integration of the software and collaboration of the business to improve collaboration among all kinds of stakeholders involved in a joint simulation project which needs on-demand simulation at any time and any place upon different manufacturing platforms owned by different enterprises or by different departments within an enterprise. This document can not only be applied to manufacturing enterprises but also be applied to other kinds of enterprises. It is intended for use by stakeholders who are concerned with developing and deploying solutions of the joint simulation project based on information and communication technology. It focuses on simulation activities related cross-platform simulation collaboration capability supporting business planning and logistics, manufacturing operations management and production control within or among enterprises, which can cover the levels from 2 to 4 of the functional hierarchy of manufacturing systems in IEC 62264-3[27]. This document specifies the following: the general framework of CMSE; the methodology of the joint simulation project analysis and realization by CMSE. This document does not relate to the simulation irrelevant collaboration environment, and does not specify the specific approach to implement CMSE in the solution formulation of joint simulation projects.

The document specifies testing procedures for determining calibration error for radiosonde humidity sensors sampled from mass production batches based on varying the levels of relative humidity at atmospheric upper-air temperatures using a laboratory setup. This document provides: technical requirements for a laboratory setup to evaluate the calibration errors of radiosonde humidity measurement; a test procedure for evaluating calibration error of radiosonde humidity sensors for a temperature range1) of −90 °C to 35 °C and for a relative humidity of 1 %rh to 100 %rh. Note, this document, is based upon relative humidity calculated by the percentage of water vapour pressure divided by saturation water vapour pressure over liquid water, not over ice, even at temperatures below 0 °C; hence, the maximum relative humidity is less than 100 %rh below 0 °C; a method for evaluating the uncertainty for the measured radiosonde humidity calibration errors. 1) Currently, the lowest possible temperature of commercially-available climate chambers is approximately -75 °C. The temperature range can be adjusted based on the capability of the climate chamber used.

This document defines a generic incident management process and supporting documentation that can be used to implement incident management and to manage incidents within most organizations, projects or operations activities for a system, service, software, or product. This document also provides supporting diagrams describing the process and example documents. This document is applicable to incident management in all life cycle models (e.g. incremental, waterfall, evolutionary, agile). This document covers incidents identified across the life cycle, including those that arise during both development (e.g. defects) and operation (e.g. those handled by service management).